Résumé
Oogenesis is the basic reproductive process of female mammals and is essential for fertilization and embryo development. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modifications play an important role in the regulation of mammalian reproductive processes (such as oogenesis, spermatogenesis, preimplantation embryo development and sex differentiation). Taking histone acetylation as an instance, the dynamic changes of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in the regulation of gene activation and inactivation when numerous key physiological events occur during reproduction. Thereinto, HDAC1 and HDAC2, which are highly homologous in terms of both structure and function, play a pivotal role in murine oogenesis. HDAC1 and 2 jointly regulate the global transcription and the incidence of apoptosis of growing oocytes and affect its subsequent growth and development, which reflects their compensatory function. In addition, HDAC1 and 2 also play a specific part in oogenesis respectively. It has shown that HDAC2 is more critical than HDAC1 for oocyte development, which regulates de novo DNA methylation and chromosome segregation. Reciprocally, HDAC1 is more critical than HDAC2 for preimplantation development. Deficiency of HDAC1 causes the decreased proliferation of embryonic stem cells and the smaller embryoid bodies with irregular shape. In this review, we summarized the role and the current research progress of HDAC1/2 in murine oogenesis, to provide a reference for further understanding the relationship between epigenetic modifications and reproductive regulation.