Licopeno / Lycopene

Introdução: No dito popular, o tomate, fonte principal de licopeno, é útil para doenças da bexiga e próstata. Naindicação médica formal o licopeno inexiste.Objetivo: Verificar na literatura científica estudos com boa qualidade metodológica sobre licopeno que nos dessemevidências para indicá-lo na saúde.Métodos: Pelo grau de evidência, procuramos estudos inicialmente na Colaboração Cochrane e, depois, na Medline,Lilacs, Pubmed, procurando evidenciar os estudos com melhor qualidade metodológica.Resultados: Encontramos três revisões sistemáticas. Duas delas foram em câncer de próstata e não encontraramevidências da efetividade do licopeno. Uma delas foi em câncer de próstata com metásteses, também inconclusiva. Um "megatrial" com quase 10.000 participantes não encontrou relação do uso de licopeno com melhora ou piora docâncer de próstata. Um ensaio clínico randomizado realizado em pacientes portadores de hiperplasia prostática benigna não encontrou diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos na redução do antígeno prostático específico (PSA). Um estudo piloto não randomizado encontrou uma diminuição significativa do PSA. Um estudo foi realizado emvoluntários saudáveis para verificar o potencial de expressão gênica para câncer de próstata com e sem licopeno e foi encontrado um resultado favorável ao licopeno em altas doses.Conclusão: Evidências fracas sugerem que apenas uma porção de tomates ou produtos de tomate ingeridosdiariamente podem apresentar um efeito protetor contra danos no DNA. Não existem evidências na literatura científica até o momento que indiquem o uso do licopeno com elemento único, seguro e efetivo para prevenção ou tratamento das doenças referentes a próstata, benigna ou maligna. Ensaios clínicos randomizados bem desenhados, contendoum número elevado de participantes, são necessários para estabelecer o papel de tomates e produtos do tomate na prevenção e terapia das doenças prostáticas.

Relación entre la dieta y el desarrollo de la hiperplasia prostática benigna / Relationship between diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia

La hiperplasia prostática benigna es muy común en la población general, tanto desde el punto devista histológico como del clínico. El papel en ella de diversos factores se ha definido por medio deestudios epidemiológicos. Entre ellos está el consumo regular de algunos alimentos que podríaactuar como un factor protector o de riesgo para el posterior desarrollo de la enfermedad. Entre loscompuestos demostrados como benéficos para la salud prostática están los licopenos, losfitoestrógenos y las verduras. Por otro lado, entre los que podrían aumentar el riesgo de sufrir lahiperplasia prostática benigna se incluyen las dietas hipercalóricas y con alto contenido graso. Eneste artículo se revisan los principales estudios al respecto, con miras a que el médico tenga un mejorconocimiento de los patrones dietéticos que pueden incidir en la frecuencia y síntomas de estaenfermedad.

Relationship between diet and benign prostatic hyperplasiaBenign prostatic hyperplasia is very common in the general population, both from the histologicaland the clinical points of view. The role of different factors in its development has been definedby means of epidemiological studies. One such factor is the composition of the diet, as theregular consumption of certain foods may either protect against benign prostatic hyperplasia orincrease the risk of its development. Among foods which may play a protective role are lycopene,phytoestrogens and vegetables. On the other hand, the risk of developing the disease may beincreased by a diet rich in fat and calories. In this article the main clinical trials concerning thisrelationship are reviewed, as a way of informing physicians on the dietetic patterns that mayinfluence the frequency or the symptoms of this disease.

[ study of the effect of sour orange on reduction clinical symptoms of BPH]

The prevalence of BPH among 5-10 year old men is about 50% and it reaches 90% in 80 year old ones. The use of the components of citrus fruits containing a group of vitamines [specially C], flavonoid and a type of polysaccharides as pectin which are effective in treatment of hyperplasia, allergy and viral infection. This is a clinical-trial study conducted on two groups, each with 30 samples [patients drinking 60 ml sour orange Juice/daily and those administering 1 prozacin tablet daily as used in classical treatment]. Convenient sampling was performed for selection of patients in both groups. From the patients refering to the specialty clinic in Jahrom. The data were collected through a checklist consisting of two part of demographic information and AUA which measures the severity of prostatic symptoms. SPSS software was used to analyzed data. Comparison of the AUA mean scores before and after having sour orange juice revealed that the difference was significant [before: 25.833 +/- 0.823, after: 2.833 +/- 0.248, p=0.000] However, the same comparison for the control groups mean scores before and after taking the above mentioned tablet revealed a non-significant difference [before: 26.666 +/- 0.717, after: 26.666 +/- 0.723, p=1.000]. comparison of AUA mean scores of the case and control groups revealed that the difference was statistically significant [case group: 2.833 +/- 0.248 and control group: 26.666 +/- 0.723, p=0.000] Considering the finding of this study, citrus fruit can be effective in reducing the symptoms of prostate hypertorophy

Effect of the consumption of tomato paste on plasma prostate-specific antigen levels in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia

The consumption of tomatoes and tomato products has been associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. We observed a decrease of 10.77 percent in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia who were submitted to daily ingestion of tomato paste. This was an experimental rather than a controlled study with a sample of 43 men ranging in age from 45 to 75 years, all with histological diagnoses of benign prostate hyperplasia and plasma PSA levels of 4-10 ng/mL. All patients received 50 g of tomato paste once a day for 10 consecutive weeks and PSA levels were analyzed before, during and after the consumption of tomato paste. ANOVA for repeated measures was used to compare PSA levels before, during and after the consumption of tomato paste. The mean ± SD PSA level was 6.51 ± 1.48 ng/mL at baseline and 5.81 ± 1.58 ng/mL (P = 0.005) after 10 weeks. Acceptance was good in 88.3, regular in 9.3, and poor in 2.3 percent of the patients. Dietary ingestion of 50 g of tomato paste per day for 10 weeks significantly reduced mean plasma PSA levels in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia, probably as a result of the high amount of lycopene in tomato paste. This was not a prostate cancer prevention study, but showed some action of tomato paste in prostate biology. The development of prostate cancer is typically accompanied by an increase in plasma PSA levels, thus any intervention that affects plasma PSA levels can suggest an impact in the progression of disease.