The ileum as a determinant organ of the functional liver cell mass in rats

PURPOSE: To evaluate if the ileum resection changes the functioning liver cell mass, the hepatic metabolism and the biodistribution of radiopharmaceutical in rats. METHODS: Twelve Wistar rats weighing 285g±34g were randomly divided into the ileum resection group (n = 6) and sham group rats (n = 6). After 30 days, they were anesthetized and 0.1mL of 99m-Tc-phytate (0.66MBq) was injected via femoral vein. After 30 minutes, blood samples were collected for red blood cells radioactive labeling and serum ALT, AST and gammaGT. Liver samples were used for 99m-Tc-phytate percentage of radioactivity/gram of tissue and histopathology. Student 's t test was used with significance 0.05. RESULTS: There was a higher uptake of 99m-Tc-phytate in the liver of sham rats, compared to the ileum resection group (p<0.05). GammaGT, ALT and AST were increased in ileum resection rats compared to sham (p<0.05). The he patocytes count was significantly lower in ileum resection group than in sham (p<0.05). Liver: body mass ratio was lower in experimental animals than in sham group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These data support that the ileum has important role in liver function and liver mass regulation, and they have potential clinical implications regarding the pathogenesis of liver injury following lower bowel resection.

Cell proliferation of the ileum intestinal mucosa of diabetic rats treated with ascorbic acid

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the ascorbic acid supplementation on the cellular proliferation on the ileum mucosa of diabetic rats. Fifteen 90-days rats were divided in the groups: control, diabetic and diabetic supplemented with ascorbic acid (DA). Two hours prior the sacrifice, they were injected with Vincristin. Semi-seriate histological cuts stained with HE were accomplished. About 2500 crypt cells from the intestinal mucosa were counted in order to obtain the metaphasic indexes. The height and depth of 30 villi and 30 crypts were measured for each animal, respectively. The metaphasic indexes showed no significant changes when we compared the three groups: 20.2 +/- 0.7 (control), 18 +/- 1.9 (diabetic) and 17 +/- 1.4 (DA) (p > 0.05). The values obtained from the crypts measurement were 221.2 +/- 8.5 (control), 225.3 +/- 9.5 (diabetic) and 222 +/- 34 (DA). The villi of the control, diabetic and DA animals presented the following results: 301.7 +/- 25.33, 304.8 +/- 25.63 and 322.1 +/- 45.77 respectively. The morphometric data were not different statistically (p > 0.05). Summing up, the present work showed that there was no alteration in the cellular proliferation of the ileum of diabetic-induced rats supplemented with ascorbic acid.

Influência dos sais biliares na resposta motora de alças isoladas a acetilcolina, em ratos / Influence of bile salts on the motor response of isolated ileum to acetylcholine, in rats

A ausência de sais biliares na luz intestinal de pacientes com obstruçao biliar tem sido relacionada ao aumento da flora intestinal e maior produçao de endotoxinas, podendo provocar endotoxemia sistêmica. Entretanto, esses sais têm pequena açao sobre a flora aeróbia e facultativa, que pode estar aumentada por alteraçoes motoras intestinais. Objetivo. Avaliar a resposta motora intestinal na obstruçao biliar em presença de sais biliares. Métodos. Estudaram-se in vitro segmentos ileais de 30 ratos Hotzman do sexo feminino divididos em três grupos (n=10): alça lavada; uso de bile intraluminar e uso de sais biliares exógenos por via oral, durante seis dias. Em cada grupo, cinco animais foram submetidos somente a laparotomia, enquanto cinco outros ratos foram submetidos a ligadura do ducto biliar comum. No sétimo dia pós-operatório, retirou-se um segmento ileal de aproximadamente quatro centrímetros, distantes dez centrímetros da papila ileocecal, e que foi estudado por meio de curva dose-resposta a acetilcolina em banho para órgaos isolados. Resultados. Os resultados obtidos mostraram aumento significativo da afinidade pela acetilcolina no grupo com bile intraluminar. Conclusao. A bile intraluminar, aparentemente, exerce efeito modular positivo sobre a motilidade ileal in vitro.

Characterization of a new Kinin potentiating peptide obtained from human plasma proteins

Partially purified kinin potentiating peptide (KPP) obtained from kininogen-depleted human plasma inhibited lung angiotensin converting enzyme in vitro and potentiated guinea-pig ileum contractions induced by bradykinin (BK), Lys-BK, Met-Lys-BK, Ile-Ser-BK, and Lys-Lys-BK. Contractions evoked by angiotensin II, histamine, acetylcholine, and barium cloride were not potentiated. KPP also potentiated kinin-induced contractions of rat uterus and of guinea-pig ileum pre-incubated with 1,10-phenbabthroline. It in suggested that KPP potentiation is due, at least in part, to a direct effect on kinin receptor(s)

New trypsin-releasable spasmogenic substances in the plasma of spontaneously hypertensive rats

We measured the levels of trypsin-releasable spasmogenic substances (TRSS) in the plasma of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during the development of hypertension. TRSS levels (x ñ SEM, N = 4) were significantly higher at 12 weeks (7.13 ñ 1.05 microng bradykinin equivalents (BKE)/ml plasma) and 24 weeks (6.87 ñ 0.60 microng BKE/ml) compared to 8 weeks (3.3 ñ 0.55 microng BKE/ml) and to normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKN) rats, whose levels were 3.74 ñ 0.74 microng BKE/ml at 24 weeks and did not change significantly during the period studied. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of SHR was 150-170, 160-180 and 170-220 mmHg at 8, 12 and 24 weeks, respectively, whereas the WKN MAP was 110-120 mmHg at 24 weeks. The increase in total TRSS was due to substances which elicit the slow contraction of the isolated guinea pig ileum and which could be distinguished from BK, T-kinin and other BK homologues by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, gradient elution chromatography on CM-cellulose and by the slow rate of contraction of the guinea pig ileum. All of these properties are the same as those we have previously demonstrated for TRSS of Goldblatt 1-kidney 1-clip renal hypertensive rats and which are due, at least in part, to a 14 amino acid peptide whose composition does not correpond to any known spasmogenic substance

Parasympathomimetic effects of mono sodium glutamate.

The effects of Mono sodium glutamate on smooth muscles were studied using the guinea-pig isolated ileum. Mono sodium glutamate produced spasmogenic effect. Atropine blocked the contractile response elicited by Mono sodium glutamate whereas mepyramine and hexamethonium failed to do so. These findings suggest a cholinergic involvement at post ganglionic site of action.