Update in Imaging Evaluation of Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas / Atualização na avaliação por imagens dos sarcomas ósseos e das partes moles

Abstract The evolution in imaging evaluation of musculoskeletal sarcomas contributed to a significant improvement in the prognosis and survival of patients with these neoplasms. The precise characterization of these lesions, using the most appropriate imaging modalities to each clinical condition presented, is of paramount importance in the design of the therapeutic approach to be instituted, with a direct impact on clinical outcomes. The present article seeks to update the reader regarding imaging methodologies in the context of local and systemic evaluation of bone sarcomas and soft tissues.

Resumo A evolução na avaliação por imagens dos sarcomas musculoesqueléticos contribuiu para melhora significativa no prognóstico e na sobrevida dos portadores destas neoplasias. A caracterização precisa destas lesões, mediante utilização das modalidades de imagem mais adequadas a cada condição clínica apresentada, é de suma importância no delineamento da abordagem terapêutica a ser instituída, com impacto direto sobre os desfechos clínicos. O presente artigo busca atualizar o leitor a propósito das metodologias de imagem no contexto da avaliação local e sistêmica dos sarcomas ósseos e das partes moles.

Research progress on the identification of central lung cancer and atelectasis using multimodal imaging / 生物医学工程学杂志

Central lung cancer is a common disease in clinic which usually occurs above the segmental bronchus. It is commonly accompanied by bronchial stenosis or obstruction, which can easily lead to atelectasis. Accurately distinguishing lung cancer from atelectasis is important for tumor staging, delineating the radiotherapy target area, and evaluating treatment efficacy. This article reviews domestic and foreign literatures on how to define the boundary between central lung cancer and atelectasis based on multimodal images, aiming to summarize the experiences and propose the prospects.

Intervenções psicológicas necessárias: a prática como residente no serviço de medicina fetal / Necessary psychological interventions: the practice as a resident in the fetal medicine service / Intervenciones psicológicas necesarias: la práctica como residente en el servicio de medicina fetal

Com os avanços tecnológicos e o aprimoramento da prática médica via ultrassonografia, já é possível detectar possíveis problemas no feto desde a gestação. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prática do psicólogo no contexto de gestações que envolvem riscos fetais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo sob formato de relato de experiência como psicólogo residente no Serviço de Medicina Fetal da Maternidade Escola da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Os registros, feitos por observação participante e diário de campo, foram analisados em dois eixos temáticos: 1) intervenções psicológicas no trabalho em equipe em consulta de pré-natal, exame de ultrassonografia e procedimento de amniocentese; e 2) intervenções psicológicas em casos de bebês incompatíveis com a vida. Os resultados indicaram que o psicólogo nesse serviço é essencial para atuar de forma multiprofissional na assistência pré-natal para gravidezes de alto risco fetal. Ademais, a preceptoria do residente é relevante para sua formação e treinamento para atuação profissional no campo da psicologia perinatal.(AU)

Face to the technological advances and the improvement of medical practice via ultrasound, it is already possible to detect possible problems in the fetus since pregnancy. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychologist's practice in the context of pregnancies which involve fetal risks. It is a qualitative study based on an experience report as a psychologist trainee at the Fetal Medicine Service of the Maternity School of UFRJ. The records, based on the participant observation and field diary, were analyzed in two thematic axes: 1) psychological interventions in the teamwork in the prenatal attendance, ultrasound examination and amniocentesis procedure; and 2) psychological interventions in cases of babies incompatible to the life. The results indicated that the psychologist in this service is essential to work in a multidisciplinary way at the prenatal care for high fetal risk pregnancies. Furthermore, the resident's preceptorship is relevant to their education and training for professional performance in the field of Perinatal Psychology.(AU)

Con los avances tecnológicos y la mejora de la práctica médica a través de la ecografía, ya se puede detectar posibles problemas en el feto desde el embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la práctica del psicólogo en el contexto de embarazos de riesgos fetal. Es un estudio cualitativo basado en un relato de experiencia como residente de psicología en el Servicio de Medicina Fetal de la Escuela de Maternidad de la Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Los registros, realizados en la observación participante y el diario de campo, se analizaron en dos ejes temáticos: 1) intervenciones psicológicas en el trabajo en equipo, en la consulta prenatal, ecografía y los procedimientos de amniocentesis; y 2) intervenciones psicológicas en casos de bebés incompatibles con la vida. Los resultados señalaron como fundamental la presencia del psicólogo en este servicio trabajando de forma multidisciplinar en la atención prenatal en el contexto de embarazos de alto riesgo fetal. Además, la tutela del residente es relevante para su educación y formación para el desempeño profesional en el campo de la Psicología Perinatal.(AU)

Fusión de datos multimodales de neurociencias generados en estudios EEG-fMRI, un análisis temático / Fusion of Multimodal Neuroscience Data Generated in EEG-fMRI Studies, a Thematic Analysis

La actividad cerebral tiene múltiples atributos, entre ellos los eléctricos, metabólicos, hemodinámicos y hormonales. Los métodos modernos para estudiar las funciones cerebrales como el PET (Tomografía por Emisión de Positrones), fMRI (Imagen de Resonancia Magnética Funcional) y MEG (Magnetoencefalograma) son ampliamente utilizados por los científicos. Sin embargo, el EEG es una herramienta utilizada para la investigación y diagnóstico debido a su bajo costo, simplicidad de uso, movilidad y la posibilidad de monitoreo a largo tiempo de adquisición. Para detectar e interpretar las características relevantes de estas señales, se describe cada proceso por su escala temporal (EEG) y espacial (fMRI). La presente investigación se enfoca en realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la integración de datos multimodales EEG-fMRI que propicie valorar su importancia para el desarrollo de algoritmos de fusión y su uso en el contexto cubano. Para ello se analizaron documentos con altos índices de citas en la literatura, donde se destacan autores precursores de los temas en análisis. Los estudios multimodales EEG-fMRI generan múltiples datos temporales y espaciales con alto valor para la medicina basada en evidencia. La integración de los mismos provee un valor agregado en la búsqueda de nuevos métodos diagnósticos, aplicando minería de datos, Deep learning y algoritmos de fusión. En este trabajo se pone de relieve la existencia de baja resolución temporal de fMRI y por otro lado la baja resolución espacial de EEG, por lo que la integración de ambos estudios aumentaría la calidad de su información(AU)

Brain activity has multiple attributes, including electrical, metabolic, hemodynamic, and hormonal. Modern methods for studying brain functions such as PET (Positron Emission Tomography), fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging), and MEG (Magnetoencephalogram) are widely used by scientists. However, the EEG is a tool used for research and diagnosis due to its low cost, simplicity of use, mobility and the possibility of long-term monitoring of acquisition. To detect and interpret the relevant characteristics of these signals, each process is described by its temporal (EEG) and spatial (fMRI) scale. The present research focuses on conducting a bibliographic review on the integration of multimodal EEG-fMRI data that favors assessing its importance for the development of fusion algorithms and their use in the Cuban context. For this, documents with high rates of citations in the literature were analyzed, where precursor authors of the topics under analysis stand out. Multimodal EEG-fMRI studies generate multiple temporal and spatial data with high value for evidence-based medicine. Their integration provides added value in the search for new diagnostic methods, applying data mining, Deep learning and fusion algorithms. This work highlights the existence of low temporal resolution of fMRI and, on the other hand, the low spatial resolution of EEG, so the integration of both studies would increase the quality of their information(AU)

Multimodal imaging analysis of the cyst like lesion of condyle in temporomandibular joint / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the imaging features of condylar cystic degeneration of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by cone-beam CT (CBCT), spiral CT, MRI and radionuclide bone imaging. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2020, thirty-two patients with cyst-like lesions of condylein temporomandibular joint were examined by CBCT, spiral CT, MRI and radionuclide bone imaging at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in General Hospital of Chinese PLA. There were 12 males and 20 females involved, aged from 16 to 65 years with an average age of (33.9±12.5) years. The characteristics of CBCT, spiral CT, MRI and radionuclide bone imaging were analyzed. Condylar cyst like lesions were classified as type A and type B based on the presence or absence of surface bone defects. Condylar cyst like lesions were classified as type Ⅰ(yes) and type Ⅱ(no) according to the accompanying bone marrow edema-like lesions of the condyles. The incidence of condylar bone marrow edema, disc displacement and abnormal bone metabolism were analyzed. Results: A total of 64 joint images of 32 patients were included, including 34 sides with TMJ cyst-like lesion and 6 sides with multiple cyst-like lesions,the total cyst-like lesions were 42. The largest diameter of cyst-like lesion ranged from 1.0 to 12.4 mm, with an average length of (3.7± 1.8) mm. There were 24 cases of type A TMJ cyst like lesion and 10 cases of type B cyst-like lesion. The detection rate of CBCT was 95.2% (40/42) and that of spiral CT was 100% (42/42), there was no significant difference (Calibration Chi-square=0.51, P=0.474). The detection rate of nuclear magnetic resonance was 80.1% (34/42), and the detection rate of cyst-like lesions less than 2 mm was 3/11. In the cyst like lesion side, there were 9 sides with anterior disc displacement with reduction, 20 sides with anterior disc displacement without reduction. In the non-cyst like lesion side, 10 sides with anterior disc displacement with reduction and 6 sides with anterior disc displacement without reduction. There was a significant difference in the displacement of the disc between cyst-like and non-cystic lesion side (χ²=7.80, P=0.005). MRI showed that 6 cases of cystic side[17.6% (6/34)] had bone marrow edema-like lesions (all type A), 1 case of non-cyst like lesions side [3.3% (1/30)] had bone marrow edema-like lesion, there was no significant difference between cystic and non-cystic lesions (Calibration Chi-square=2.04, P=0.153). There was a significant difference between type A and B cystic lesions (Fisher exact probability method, P=0.024). Radionuclide bone imaging showed abnormal bone metabolism in 26 patients in the cyst-like lesion side and 5 patients in the non-cyst like lesion side (χ²=22.82, P<0.001). Conclusions Multi-slice Spiral CT could detect the cyst-like lesion of TMJ condyle in the early stage, which is different from the large joint. And the formation mechanism may vary from the different classifications.

The correlation between metabolic parameters in (18)F-FDG PET-CT and solid and micropapillary histological subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: Solid and micropapillary pattern are highly invasive histologic subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma and are associated with poor prognosis while the biopsy sample is not enough for the accurate histological diagnosis. This study aims to assess the correlation and predictive efficacy between metabolic parameters in (18)F-fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET-CT), including the maximum SUV (SUV(max)), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and solid and micropapillary histological subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: A total of 145 resected lung adenocarcinomas were included. The clinical data and preoperative (18)F-FDG PET-CT data were retrospectively analyzed. Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of the metabolic parameters between solid and micropapillary subtype group and other subtypes group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and areas under curve (AUC) were used for evaluating the prediction efficacy of metabolic parameters for solid or micropapillary patterns. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the prediction factors of the presence of solid or micropapillary subtypes. Results: Median SUV(max) and TLG in solid and papillary predominant subtypes group (15.07 and 34.98, respectively) were significantly higher than those in other subtypes predominant group (6.03 and 10.16, respectively, P<0.05). ROC curve revealed that SUV(max) and TLG had good efficacy for prediction of solid and micropapillary predominant subtypes [AUC=0.811(95% CI: 0.715~0.907) and 0.725(95% CI: 0.610~0.840), P<0.05]. Median SUV(max) and TLG in lung adenocarcinoma with the solid or micropapillary patterns (11.58 and 22.81, respectively) were significantly higher than those in tumors without solid and micropapillary patterns (4.27 and 6.33, respectively, P<0.05). ROC curve revealed that SUV(max) and TLG had good efficacy for predicting the presence of solid or micropapillary patterns [AUC=0.757(95% CI: 0.679~0.834) and 0.681(95% CI: 0.595~0.768), P<0.005]. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the clinical stage (Stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ), SUV(max) ≥10.27 and TLG≥7.12 were the independent predictive factors of the presence of solid or micropapillary patterns (P<0.05). Conclusions: Preoperative SUV(max) and TLG of lung adenocarcinoma have good prediction efficacy for the presence of solid or micropapillary patterns, especially for the solid and micropapillary predominant subtypes and are independent factors of the presence of solid or micropapillary patterns.

Linfoma cardíaco primário: o papel da multimodalidade de imagem na abordagem diagnóstica / Primary cardiac lymphoma: role of imaging multimodality in diagnosis

Massas intracardíacas constituem um desafio diagnóstico, já que os sintomas são comuns a patologias cardiovasculares ou não. Métodos ­ invasivos ou não ­ possibilitam o diagnóstico diferencial e a confirmação histológica, propiciando tratamento adequado. Para melhor compreender a importância da multimodalidade em imagem e a abordagem nos tumores cardíacos , relatamos o caso de um lifoma cardíaco primário, em que a abordagem multidisciplinar permitiu o rápido diagnóstico e seu tratamento, inclusive das intercorrências, com resposta inicial promissora, a despeito da evolução fatal durante a pandemia por SARS-CoV-2.(AU)

Intracardiac masses are a diagnostic challenge since their symptoms can be common to cardiovascular pathologies. Some methods, whether invasive or not, enable differential diagnosis, histological confirmation, and adequate treatment. To better understand the importance of imaging multimodality and the approach to managing cardiac tumors, we investigated a case of a primary cardiac lymphoma in which the multidisciplinary approach allowed rapid diagnosis and treatment, including of intercurrences, with a promising initial response despite fatal progression due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. (AU)

La "Accesibilidad-DHD" en el caso Memoria y Experiencia Cossettini": hacia una co-construcción multimodal para un equitativo acceso a contenidos web / The "DHD-Accessibility" in the case "Memoria y Experiencia Cossettini: towards a multimodal co-construction for equitable access to web content

Resumen El artículo presenta un estudio de caso cuya objetivo es mejorar las condiciones de accesibilidad web de un dispositivo de comunicación pública de ciencia y tecnología titulado Dispositivo Hipermedial Dinámico Memoria y experiencia Cossettini. El mismo, publica en Acceso Abierto documentos digitalizados del Archivo pedagógico Cossettini conteniendo una gran cantidad de elementos estéticos visuales. Desde el marco teórico se sostiene que la elaboración colaborativa de objetos digitales multimodales contextualizados podría posibilitar a quienes participan del DHD MyECossettini una experiencia sensible/accesible de exploración, interpretación y recreación no excluyente de los archivos patrimoniales digitalizados, sin desmedro de lo singular y significativo de la fuente original. En este sentido, se ha propuesto la Accesibilidad-DHD basada en los principios de Percepción, Comprensión, Acción y Flexibilidad. En lo metodológico, se abordó el análisis y desarrollo de objetos digitales accesibles con un enfoque socio-técnico e interdisciplinar en atención al principio de percepción. Los resultados alcanzados constatan que las alternativas accesibles elaboradas habilitan nuevos canales perceptivos y proporcionan información contextual que constituye un valor agregado para todas las personas. Finalmente, se concluye que participar de la Accesibilidad-DHD no requiere necesariamente de experticia en informática, habilitando a que cada persona, desde su lugar, colabore en garantizar el acceso equitativo a la información. No obstante se advierte que, el desafío más complejo se presenta en la construcción de una toma de conciencia colectiva activa que asuma con responsabilidad de garantizar el Derecho Humano a habitar sin exclusiones el ciberespacio.

Abstract This article presents a case study with the aim to improve the conditions of web accessibility of a science and technology public communication device, "Dynamic Hypermedia Device, Memoria y Experiencia Cossettini". It publishes in Open Access digitized documents from the "Cossettini pedagogical archive" containing a large number of visual aesthetic elements. From the theoretical framework, the collaborative elaboration of contextualized multimodal digital objects could allow those who participate in the DHD MyECossettini a sensitive/accessible experience of exploration, interpretation and non-exclusive recreation of digitized heritage archives, without detriment to the singular and significant of the original source. Therefore, it is proposed DHD-Accessibility based on the principles of Perception, Comprehension, Action and Flexibility. Methodologically, the analysis and development of accessible digital objects are developed with a socio-technical and interdisciplinary approaches, focused on the principle of perception. The results achieved confirm that the accessible alternatives developed enable new perceptual channels and provide contextual information that constitutes added value for all people. Finally, it is highlighted that participating in "DHD-Accessibility" does not necessarily require IT expertise, enabling each person, from their place, to collaborate in guaranteeing equitable access to information. However, it is noted that the most complex challenge is presented in the construction of an active collective awareness that assumes with responsibility to guarantee the Human Right to inhabit cyberspace without exclusions.

Punctate inner choroidopathy with atypical presentation / Coroidopatia interna ponteada de apresentação atípica

ABSTRACT We report a case of a young Caucasian female presenting with sudden decrease of vision in the left eye, metamorphopsia, and nasal scotoma. Past medical history revealed a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, which was currently treated with azathioprine, pyridostigmine, and prednisone. Ophthalmological examination showed fundus with clear vitreous and yellow-white lesions that were isolated and perimacular in the right eye, multiple and confluent in the macula, and punctate in periphery in the left eye. Laboratory workup ruled out the presence of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Fundus autofluorescence disclosed hypoautoflurescence with hyperfluorescent margins corresponding to the lesions observed in both eyes and the angiogram revealed hyperfluorescence since early phases without late leakage. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed areas of intermittent retinal pigment epithelium elevations and disruption of the ellipsoid zone. She was diagnosed with punctate inner choroidopathy and then treated with an increased dose of daily prednisone, which resulted in progressive improvement of her visual acuity and anatomical status.(AU)

RESUMO Relato de caso de mulher jovem, caucasiana, com súbita diminuição de acuidade visual de olho esquerdo, metamorfopsia e escotoma nasal. Apresentava diagnóstico de Miastenia gravis, em tratamento com Azatioprina, Piridostigmina e Prednisona. Fundo de olho demonstrava vítreo límpido e lesões amarelo-esbranquiçadas, perimaculares e isoladas em olho direito, múltiplas e confluentes em mácula e pontilhadas em periferia no olho esquerdo. Exames laboratoriais descartaram doenças infecciosas e inflamatórias. Auto-fluorescência revelou lesões hipoautofluorescentes com margens hiperfluorescentes correspondentes às observadas em ambos os olhos, enquanto angiofluoresceinografia mostrou hiperfluorescência desde as fases iniciais sem vazamento tardio. Tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral revelou áreas de elevações intermitentes do epitélio pigmentar da retina e interrupção da zona elipsóide correspondente. Definiu-se como diagnóstico a coroidopatia interna ponteada, sendo instituído aumento na dose diária de Prednisona, com melhoria progressiva da acuidade visual e do aspecto de fundo de olho da paciente.(AU)

Supradesnivel del segmento ST como forma de presentación atípica de un tumor cardíaco: rol diagnóstico de la multimodalidad de imagen / ST segment elevation as an atypical presentation of a cardiac tumor: diagnostic role of a multimodal imaging approach / Elevação do segmento ST como apresentação de tumor cardíaco: papel diagnóstico da multimodalidade de imagem

Los tumores cardíacos malignos son neoplasias poco frecuentes que pueden presentarse de diversas formas, lo que dificulta su diagnóstico. La ecocardiografía y la resonancia magnética cardíaca son técnicas fundamentales para el diagnóstico, la caracterización y la evaluación de su extensión tumoral. La identificación de la línea tumoral es esencial al iniciar un tratamiento oncológico dirigido. Si bien el "estándar de oro" para este fin es el estudio anatomopatológico (obtenido por biopsia o resección quirúrgica), en los casos en que esto no es posible, la resonancia magnética cardíaca es la técnica no invasiva que proporciona un mejor abordaje diagnóstico. El tratamiento de elección es la resección quirúrgica y el pronóstico, en general, es malo. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con un tumor cardíaco de presentación clínica atípica, en la que un abordaje imagenológico multimodal aporta información clave y complementaria para el diagnóstico y la caracterización tisular.

Malignant cardiac tumors are rare neoplasms that can present in various forms, making their diagnosis difficult. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are fundamental techniques for the diagnosis, characterization, and evaluation of tumor extension. Identification of the tumor line is essential when initiating targeted cancer therapy. Although the "gold standard" for this purpose is the pathological study (obtained by biopsy or surgical resection), in cases where this is not possible, cardiac resonance is the non-invasive technique that provides a better diagnostic approach. The treatment of choice is surgical resection and the prognosis is generally poor. We present the case of a patient with an atypical clinical presentation, in which a multimodal approach provides key and complementary information for tumor diagnosis and tissue characterization.

Os tumores cardíacos malignos são neoplasias raras que podem se apresentar de várias formas, dificultando seu diagnóstico. A ecocardiografia e a ressonância magnética cardíaca são técnicas fundamentais para o diagnóstico, caracterização e avaliação da extensão tumoral. A identificação da linha do tumor é essencial ao iniciar a terapia direcionada do câncer. Embora o "padrão ouro" para esse fim seja o estudo patológico (obtido por biópsia ou ressecção cirúrgica), nos casos em que isso não seja possível, a ressonância cardíaca é a técnica não invasiva que proporciona melhor abordagem diagnóstica. O tratamento de escolha é a ressecção cirúrgica e o pronóstico geralmente é ruim. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente com apresentação clínica atípica, em que a abordagem multimodal fornece informações essenciais e complementares para o diagnóstico do tumor e caracterização do tecido.

Cuando no todo es lo que parece_: masa extracardíaca en la aurícula izquierda: reporte de un caso en Uruguay / When not everything is what it seems_: extra-cardiac mass in the left atrium: a case report in Uruguay / Quando nem tudo é o que parece_: massa extracardíaca em átrio esquerdo: relato de um caso no Uruguai

La hernia hiatal es una entidad relativamente frecuente y puede ser un hallazgo incidental en un estudio ecocardiográfico. Describimos el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de masa en la aurícula izquierda (AI) sin clara etiología, a quien se le realiza el diagnóstico de hernia hiatal por resonancia magnética cardíaca (RMC) y luego se demuestra mediante ecocardiografía de contraste el contenido gástrico de la masa tras la ingestión de una bebida carbonatada, lo que permite de forma rápida y sencilla aclarar el diagnóstico.

Hiatal hernia is a relatively common entity, and may be an incidental finding in an echocardiographic study. We describe the case of a patient with a diagnosis of a mass in the left atrium with no clear etiology, in whom the diagnosis of hiatal hernia is made by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and then demonstrated by contrast echocardiography the gastric content of the mass after the ingestion of a carbonated drink, which allows quickly and easily to clarify the diagnosis.

A hérnia de hiato é uma entidade relativamente comum, e pode ser um achado incidental em um estudo ecocardiográfico. Descrevemos o caso de um paciente com diagnóstico de massa em átrio esquerdo sem etiologia definida, em que o diagnóstico de hérnia de hiato é feito por ressonância magnética cardíaca e posteriormente demonstrado por ecocardiografia contrastada com uma bebida gaseificada, permitindo esclarecer de forma rápida e fácil o diagnóstico.

Un caso clínico de implante valve in valve mitral: nuevo horizonte en el tratamiento de la disfunción valvular protésica / A clinical case of mitral valve in valve implant: new skyline in the treatment of prosthetic valve dysfunction / Presentação de um caso clínico do valve in valve mitral: um novo horizonte no tratamento da disfunção valvular protética

La disfunción valvular protésica es cada vez más frecuente debido al envejecimiento de la población portadora de bioprótesis y se presenta como un desafío en el momento de su diagnóstico, valoración y tratamiento. Aplicar un enfoque imagenológico multimodal es fundamental para su manejo. Respecto al tratamiento, surge como nueva alternativa un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo de sustitución valvular percutánea, denominado valve in valve, principalmente en pacientes con riesgo quirúrgico elevado. Presentamos uno de los primeros casos locales de implante percutáneo de prótesis mitral transeptal dentro de una bioprótesis mitral quirúrgica disfuncionante.

Prosthetic valve dysfunction is increasingly common due to the aging of the bioprosthesis-bearing population, and it presents a challenge at the time of diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. A multimodal imaging approach is essential for its management. In relation to treatment, a minimally invasive percutaneous valve replacement procedure called valve in valve arises as a new alternative, mainly in patients with high surgical risk. We present one of first local cases of percutaneous implantation of a transseptal mitral prosthesis within a dysfunctional surgical mitral bioprosthesis.

A disfunção valvular protética é cada vez mais comum devido ao envelhecimento da população portadora de biopróteses e representa um desafio no momento do diagnóstico, avaliação e tratamento. A multimodalidade da imagem cardiovascular é essencial para sua avaliação. Em relação ao tratamento, um procedimento de troca valvular percutânea minimamente invasivo, denominado valve in valve, surge como uma nova alternativa, principalmente em pacientes com alto risco cirúrgico. Apresentamos um dos primeiros casos realizados no Uruguai de implantação percutânea de prótese mitral transeptal dentro de bioprótese mitral cirúrgica disfuncional.

A review on cardiac positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of cardivascular diseases / 生物医学工程学杂志

There are various examination methods for cardiovascular diseases. Non-invasive diagnosis and prognostic information acquisition are the current research hotspots of related imaging examinations. Positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new advanced fusion imaging technology that combines the molecular imaging of PET with the soft tissue contrast function of MRI to achieve their complementary advantages. This article briefly introduces several major aspects of cardiac PET/MRI in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis, ischemic cardiomyopathy, nodular heart disease, and myocardial amyloidosis, in order to promote cardiac PET/MRI to be more widely used in precision medicine in this field.

Neuroimaging and electroencephalographic (EEG) methods for investigating neural circuits in mental disorders / Métodos de neuroimagem e eletroencefalografia (EEG) para investigação de circuitos neurais em transtornos mentais

It is increasingly recognised that dysfunction in neural circuits plays a key role in the neurobiological basis of mental disorders. The efficacy of pharmacological and behavioural treatments for mental disorders could therefore be improved by targeting dysfunctions in neurocircuits. However, to achieve this, a better understanding of the specific alterations in neural circuits involved in different mental disorders is required. Such understanding can be acquired by using advanced neuroscience methods to examine the pathways and function of neurocircuits in both typically developing individuals and in those with mental disorders. This article provides an overview of currently available neuroscience methods of investigating neural circuits, including advantages and limitations of different techniques, and highlights the importance of using multi-modal imaging in future research.

É cada vez mais reconhecido que a disfunção nos circuitos neurais desempenha um papel fundamental na base neurobiológica dos transtornos mentais. A eficácia dos tratamentos farmacológicos e comportamentais para os transtornos mentais pode, portanto, ser melhorada por direcionar as disfunções nos neurocircuitos. No entanto, para isso, é necessário um melhor entendimento das alterações específicas nos circuitos neurais envolvidos em diferentes transtornos mentais. Tal entendimento pode ser adquirido usando-se métodos avançados de neurociência para examinar as vias e a função dos neurocircuitos em indivíduos com desenvolvimento típico e naqueles com transtornos mentais. Este artigo fornece uma visão geral dos métodos da neurociência atualmente disponíveis na investigação de circuitos neurais, incluindo vantagens e limitações de diferentes técnicas, e destaca a importância do uso de imagens multimodais em pesquisas futuras.

Imaging description of extragenital müllerian adenosarcoma: A case report / Descrição da imagem do adenosarcoma mülleriano extragenital: relato de caso

Abstract Müllerian adenosarcoma is a very rare gynecological disease, comprising 5% of uterine sarcomas. Extragenital localizations are even rarer.We report a very interesting case of a 27-year-old woman complaining of pelvic pain, with a subsequent diagnosis of extragenital Müllerian adenosarcoma. This is the first case reported in the literature with a complete and wide imaging description. Even if rare, Müllerian adenosarcoma should be hypothesized in case of young female patients presenting with suspicious pelvic mass.

Resumo O adenosarcoma Mülleriano é uma doença ginecológica muito rara, compreendendo 5% dos sarcomas uterinos. Localizações extragenitais são ainda mais raras. Relatamos um caso muito interessante de uma mulher de 27 anos queixando-se de dor pélvica com diagnóstico subsequente de adenosarcoma Mülleriano extragenital. Este é o primeiro caso relatado na literatura com uma descrição completa e ampla de imagem. Mesmo que raro, o adenosarcoma Mülleriano deve ser hipotetizado no caso de pacientes jovens do sexo feminino com massa pélvica suspeita.

Timing calibration comparison research of integrated TOF-PET/MR / 生物医学工程学杂志

Integrated TOF-PET/MR is a multimodal imaging system which can acquire high-quality magnetic resonance (MR) and positron emission tomography (PET) images at the same time, and it has time of flight (TOF) function. The TOF-PET system usually features better image quality compared to traditional PET because it is capable of localizing the lesion on the line of response where annihilation takes place. TOF technology measures the time difference between the detectors on which the two 180-degrees-seperated photons generated from positron annihilation are received. Since every individual crystal might be prone to its timing bias, timing calibration is needed for a TOF-PET system to work properly. Three approaches of timing calibration are introduced in this article. The first one named as fan-beam method is an iterative method that measures the bias of the Gaussian distribution of timing offset created from a fan-beam area constructed using geometric techniques. The second one is to find solutions of the overdetermination equations set using L1 norm minimization and is called L1-norm method. The last one called L2-norm method is to build histogram of the TOF and find the peak, and uses L2 norm minimization to get the result. This article focuses on the comparison of the amount of the data and the calculation time needed by each of the three methods. To avoid location error of the cylinder radioactive source during data collection, we developed a location calibration algorithm which could calculate accurate position of the source and reduce image artifacts. The experiment results indicate that the three approaches introduced in this article could enhance the qualities of PET images and standardized uptake values of cancer regions, so the timing calibration of integrated TOF-PET/MR system was realized. The fan-beam method has the best image quality, especially in small lesions. In integrated TOF-PET/MR timing calibration, we recommend using fan-beam method.

Multimodal Composite Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

BACKGROUND: Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are excellent candidates for biomedical imaging because of unique characteristics like enhanced colloidal stability and excellent in vivo biocompatibility. Over the last decade, material scientists have developed IONPs with better imaging and enhanced optical absorbance properties by tuning their sizes, shape, phases, and surface characterizations. Since IONPs could be detected with magnetic resonance imaging, various attempts have been made to combine other imaging modalities, thereby creating a high-resolution imaging platform. Composite IONPs (CIONPs) comprising IONP cores with polymeric or inorganic coatings have recently been documented as a promising modality for therapeutic applications. METHODS: In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in CIONPs for multimodal imaging and focus on the therapeutic applications of CIONPs. RESULTS: CIONPs with phototherapeutics, IONP-based nanoparticles are used for theranostic application via imaging guided photothermal therapy. CONCLUSION: CIONP-based nanoparticles are known for theranostic application, longstanding effects of composite NPs in in vivo systems should also be studied. Once such issues are fixed, multifunctional CIONP-based applications can be extended for theranostics of diverse medical diseases in the future.