Complicaciones perianales causadas por agentes modeladores inyectados en glúteos / Perianal complications caused by gluteal injection of modeling agents

En este reporte presentamos tres pacientes en quienes ocurrieron condiciones inflamatorias perianales tardías, luego de la administración de sustancias modeladoras no identificadas en los glúteos. El diagnóstico inicial y supuesto no fue correcto, ya que no se investigó durante la evaluación preliminar el antecedente de la administración de elementos modeladores. Recomendamos que los pacientes con patologías inflamatorias del ano, sobre todo aquellos cuyo curso es extraño, se les pregunte acerca de la administración de agentes modeladores en los glúteos. Esta práctica puede contribuir a la eficacia del diagnóstico de manifestaciones perianales caracterizadas por flogosis, que se presentan de forma inusual. (AU)

In this report we present three patients in which late perianal inflammatory conditions occurred after administration of unidentified modeling agents to the buttocks. The initial diagnosis was not correct because of the administration of modeling agents was not investigated during the initial eval-uation. We recommend inquiring patients with inflammatory pathologies of the anus, especially those whose course is unusual, about the adminis-tration of modeling agents to the buttocks. This approach can contribute to the efficiency of the diagnosis of perianal complaints characterized by inflammation, but rare in its appearance. (AU)

Indications and complications prevention and management of phaseⅡ implantation of Provox Vega voice prosthesis after total laryngectomy / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the indications and management of common postoperative complications of phase II tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) for Provox Vega voice prosthesis after total laryngectomy. Methods: The clinical data of 20 patients undergoing phase II TEP for Provox Vega voice prosthesis in our hospital between May 2021 and January 2022 were analyzed. Among them, there were 19 males and 1 female, aged from 37 to 76 years, with an average age of (60.0±8.4)years. The surgical indications and the prevention and treatment of common postoperative complications were summarized. Descriptive analysis was used in this research. Results: The basic surgical indications were as following: after total laryngectomy, there was no stenosis of the stoma and esophagus entrance, no scar constitution, no mouth opening restriction, no stiffness and backward restraint of the neck after radiotherapy, and more than half a year apart surgery or radiotherapy. Among the 20 patients, 18 underwent implantation successfuly, 1 failed in the operation, and for 1 patient, the prosthesis was removed due to bleeding 1 week after implantation. The common postoperative complications included TEP fistula infection (2 cases), the TEP fistula bleeding(1 case), deep neck (prevertebral) abscess (1 case), granulation at the inner side of the TEP fistula (1 case), invagination of the prosthesis (2 cases) and leakage around the prosthesis (2 cases). All patients were cured with different interventions. Conclusions: The Provox Vega voice prosthesis is generally safe for phase Ⅱ implantatione, but implantation indications need to be established. Common postoperative complications can be solved through preventive and remedial interventions.

Targeted muscle reinnervation: a surgical technique of human-machine interface for intelligent prosthesis / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To review targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) surgery for the construction of intelligent prosthetic human-machine interface, thus providing a new clinical intervention paradigm for the functional reconstruction of residual limbs in amputees.@*METHODS@#Extensively consulted relevant literature domestically and abroad and systematically expounded the surgical requirements of intelligent prosthetics, TMR operation plan, target population, prognosis, as well as the development and future of TMR.@*RESULTS@#TMR facilitates intuitive control of intelligent prostheses in amputees by reconstructing the "brain-spinal cord-peripheral nerve-skeletal muscle" neurotransmission pathway and increasing the surface electromyographic signals required for pattern recognition. TMR surgery for different purposes is suitable for different target populations.@*CONCLUSION@#TMR surgery has been certified abroad as a transformative technology for improving prosthetic manipulation, and is expected to become a new clinical paradigm for 2 million amputees in China.

Comparação entre os resultados do implante de um segmento de arco longo versus dois segmentos de arco tradicional no tratamento de pacientes com ceratocone / Comparison between the results of implanting a long-arch segment versus two standard arch segments for treatment of keratoconus patients

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar retrospectivamente as alterações na ceratometria e no astigmatismo corneano obtidas após cirurgia de implante de anel intraestromal, comparando o uso de um segmento de arco longo versus o implante de dois segmentos de comprimento de arco tradicional. Métodos: A partir de um estudo transversal, obtivemos os dados de 94 olhos de pacientes diagnosticados com ceratocone, que foram submetidos ao implante de anel corneano. Eles foram divididos em dois grupos, dependendo do tipo de implante recebido: Grupo A, um segmento de arco longo; Grupo B, dois segmentos tradicionais. Todos os segmentos implantados possuíam 250µ de espessura. Os dados do pré-operatório dos dois grupos foram comparados, para garantir que as amostras eram similares (as diferenças encontradas entre os dois grupos não eram estatisticamente significativas). As variáveis analisadas no pré e no pós-operatório foram acuidade visual com correção, ceratometria, astigmatismo corneano e refração. Resultados: A amostra que recebeu apenas um segmento de arco longo (Grupo A) obteve redução da ceratometria média de 4,42D (8,7%) e do astigmatismo corneano de 2,43D (40,4%). Já na amostra dos olhos que receberam dois segmentos de arco tradicional (Grupo B), houve redução média de 2,66D (5,1%) em relação à ceratometria média e redução média de 2,11D (34,8%) em relação ao astigmatismo corneano. A redução obtida na ceratometria média no Grupo A foi maior que a obtida no Grupo B (diferença estatisticamente significativa). A redução obtida no astigmatismo do Grupo A não foi estatisticamente significante, se comparada com o resultado obtido no Grupo B (considerando p≤0,05). Conclusão: Foi demonstrado que o uso de um segmento de arco longo possui maior capacidade de aplanação corneana, se comparado com o uso de dois segmentos com comprimento de arco tradicional. Em relação à redução do astigmatismo, os dois grupos mostraram resultados equivalentes.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the changes in corneal keratometry and astigmatism after intrastromal ring surgery, comparing the use of one long arch segment versus two traditional arc length segments. Methods: A cross-sectional study obtained data from 94 eyes of patients diagnosed with keratoconus that underwent surgical treatment with corneal ring implant. They were divided into two groups according to the type of implant received: one long-arch segment (Group A) or two traditional segments (Group B), both 250 microns thick. Preoperative data from the two groups were compared to ensure that the samples were similar (the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant). The variables (pre and post-operatively) analyzed were: best corrected visual acuity, keratometry, corneal astigmatism and refraction. Results: Group A, which received one long arch segment, showed a Km decrease of 4.42D (8.7%) and a corneal astigmatism reduction of 2.43D (40.4%). Group B, where the eyes acquired two traditional arch segments, showed an average Km decrease of 2.66D (5.1%) and corneal astigmatism reduction of 2.11D (34.8%). The mean keratometry (Km) reduction obtained was statistically significant (p≤0.05) when comparing both groups (A and B). The mean corneal astigmatism reduction was not statistically significant (p≤0.05) when comparing both groups (A and B). Conclusions: One long-arch segment has been demonstrated to have a greater capacity to reduce corneal curvature when compared to the use of two traditional-sized arch segments. No significant differences were found regarding the reduction of corneal astigmatism after comparing the results obtained in both groups.

Optimisation de la prothèse complète supra-radiculaire mandibulaire par l'usage de l'attachement barre: rapport de cas / Optimization of the mandibular supra-radicular complete prosthesis by the use of the bar attachment: a case report

Introduction : L'équilibre d'une prothèse complète amovible mandibulaire est délicat vu la surface d'appui restreinte. L'objectif du travail était de décrire l'intérêt de la prothèse amovible supra-radiculaire retenue par l'attachement barre dans la gestion d'un édentement subtotal mandibulaire. Observation : Un patient consultait pour bénéficier d'une prothèse esthético-fonctionnelle. L'examen clinique montrait la présence d'un édentement total maxillaire et subtotal mandibulaire avec persistence des canines séparées d'une crête rectiligne. L'examen radiologique révélait un rapport couronne sur racine radiologique égal à 1. L'examen des moulages sur articulateur visualisait une hauteur occlusale utilisable suffisante. La décision prothétique était une prothèse complète maxillaire et une prothèse complète supra-radiculaire (PCSR) mandibulaire retenue par une barre. Le traitement prothétique commençait par une préparation Richmond des plateaux radiculaires. Après sculpture des chapes et fixation de la barre calcinable, la coulée était faite. Une empreinte anatomo-fonctionnelle de situation était réalisée pour confectionner l'infrastructure métallique. Suite à l'enregistrement de l'occlusion, le montage des dents était fait et validé. Le jour de la mise en bouche des conseils d'utilisation et de maintenance étaient prodigués au patient. Commentaires : La PCSR est avantageuse par le maintien du système proprioceptif desmodontal et d'un profil de crête favorable à l'appui. Les racines à conserver doivent valider certains critères pour être exploitables. La barre offre une rétention importante, mais son indication dépend du parallélisme radiculaire, de l'espace prothétique utilisable et de la forme de la crête édentée. Conclusion : Le recours aux attachements en PCSR est intéressant à condition d'établir un plan de traitement rigoureux et d'assurer la maintenance post-prothétique.

Introduction: The balance of a complete removable mandibular prosthesis is delicate given the limited support area. The objective of this work was to describe the benefit of the supra-radicular removable prosthesis retained by the bar attachment in the management of subtotal mandibular edentulism. Observation: A patient consulted to benefit from an aesthetical and functional prosthesis. The clinical examination showed the presence of total maxillary and subtotal mandibular edentulism with persistence of the canines separated by a straight ridge. The radiological examination revealed a crown by radiological root ratio equal to 1. Examination of the casts on the articulator visualized sufficient usable occlusal height. The prosthetic decision was a maxillary complete prosthesis and a mandibular complete supra-radicular prosthesis (CSRP) retained by a bar attachment. The prosthetic treatment began with a Richmond preparation of the root plates. After sculpting the copings and fixing the castable bar, the casting was done. An anatomo-functional impression was made to perform the metal infrastructure. Following the occlusion recording, the assembly of the teeth was done and validated. On the day of denture insertion, instructions about the use and the maintenance was provided to the patient. Comments: PCSR is advantageous by maintaining the periodontal proprioceptive system and a favorable ridge profile for prosthetic bearin. The roots to be kept must validate certain criteria to be usable. The bar offers significant retention, but its indication depends on the root parallelism, the usable prosthetic space and the shape of the edentulous ridge. Conclusion: The use of attachments in CSRP is interesting provided that a rigorous treatment plan is established and post-prosthetic maintenance is ensured.

Submammary placement of implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a Singapore plastic surgeon experience

The use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in young women has been increasing in recent years owing to greater awareness about inherited cardiac conditions that increase the risk of sudden death. Traditional placement of ICDs in the infraclavicular region among young women often leads to visible scars, a constant prominence that causes irritation from purse or bra straps and can result in body image concerns and device-related emotional distress. In this case series, two women with long QT syndrome required placement of ICDs for prevention of sudden cardiac death. Submammary placement of ICDs was performed in collaboration with electrophysiologists. We describe our local experience and technique in submammary placement of ICDs as well as the challenges faced.

Glaucoma drainage devices / Dispositivos de drenagem para glaucoma

ABSTRACT Glaucoma drainage devices are important therapeutic options for cases of refractory glaucoma, in which trabeculectomy with antimetabolites has shown high risk of failure. There are devices with different sizes, designs and materials, and several studies have been conducted to test their safety and effectiveness. Despite known complications, their use has progressively increased in recent years, and they are the primary surgical option, in some situations. The aim of this review is to discuss the importance, mechanisms, biomaterials, results and complications of glaucoma drainage devices.

RESUMO Os dispositivos de drenagem para glaucoma são importante opção terapêutica em casos de glaucomas refratários, nos quais a trabeculectomia com antimetabólitos tem alta chance de falência. Há dispositivos com diferentes tamanhos, desenhos e materiais, e muitos estudos foram realizados para testar sua segurança e eficácia. Apesar de suas conhecidas complicações, seu uso tem aumentado progressivamente nos últimos anos, inclusive como primeira opção cirúrgica, em algumas situações. O objetivo desta revisão foi discutir a importância, os mecanismos, os biomateriais, os resultados e as complicações dos dispositivos de drenagem para glaucoma.

Procedimentos Minimamente Invasivos para Glaucoma: uma revisão atualizada da literatura / Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS): an updated literature review

RESUMO O glaucoma é considerado a maior causa de cegueira irreversível no mundo, e o aumento da pressão intraocular constitui seu principal fator de risco. Usualmente, a terapia inicial do glaucoma consiste na redução da pressão intraocular a partir da instilação de drogas hipotensoras tópicas, estando as cirurgias antiglaucomatosas reservadas, na maioria das vezes, para casos em que o controle da doença não é atingido clinicamente. Classicamente, o tratamento cirúrgico do glaucoma é realizado a partir dos procedimentos filtrantes: trabeculectomia e implante de dispositivos de drenagem. O acrônimo MIGS (do inglês minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, procedimentos minimamente invasivos para glaucoma) corresponde a um grupo de procedimentos cirúrgicos pouco invasivos, que propõem a redução pressórica de maneira mais segura e previsível, quando comparada às técnicas cirúrgicas antiglaucomatosas convencionais.

ABSTRACT Glaucoma is considered the biggest cause of irreversible blindness in the world and the increase in intraocular pressure is its main risk factor. Usually, the initial therapy for glaucoma consists of reducing IOP through the instillation of topical hypotensive drugs, with antiglaucoma surgeries being normally reserved for cases in which disease control is not clinically achieved. Classically, the surgical treatment of glaucoma is performed using filtering procedures: trabeculectomy; non-penetrating sclerotomy and glaucoma drainage devices. The acronym MIGS (Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery) corresponds to a group of minimally invasive surgical procedures that provide a safer and more predictable pressure reduction when compared to conventional antiglaucoma surgical techniques.

Testicular torsion: a modified surgical technique for immediate intravaginal testicular prosthesis implant

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this paper is to propose a modified surgical technique for immediate intravaginal prosthesis implantation in patients undergoing orchiectomy due to testicular torsion, and to evaluate the wound healing process and patient's satisfaction. Material and methods: We prospectively analyzed 137 patients with testicular torsion admitted to our facility between April 2018 and May 2020. Twenty-five patients who underwent orchiectomy were included in this study. Fifteen had a testicular prosthesis implanted at the same time as orchiectomy using a modified intravaginal technique (summary figure) and 10 received implants 6 to 12 months after orchiectomy. Wound healing was evaluated at a minimum of four checkpoints (on days 15, 45, 90 and 180 after surgery). At the end of the study, a questionnaire was administered to measure patients' satisfaction rate. Student's t test was used for comparison of quantitative data between negative vs. positive cultures (p <0.05). The chi-square test was used to verify associations between categorical variables and immediate vs. late prosthesis implantation (p <0.05). Results: Patient's ages ranged from 13 to 23 years (mean 16.44 years). Overall time lapse from symptoms to orchiectomy ranged from 10 hours to 25 days (mean 7.92 days). Only one extrusion occurred and it happened in the late implant group. All wounds were healed in 72%, 88%, 95.8% and 100% of the cases on the 15th, 45th, 90th and 180th days after implant, respectively. At the end of the study, all patients stated they would recommend it to a friend or relative. The only patient that had prothesis extrusion asked to have it implanted again. Conclusion: There was no prosthesis extrusion using the modified intravaginal surgical technique for immediate testicular prosthesis implantation, which proved to be an easily performed and safe procedure that can avoid further reconstructive surgery in patients whose testicle was removed due to testicular torsion.

Utilidad del dispositivo de potenciación del esfínter esofágico distal (LINX®) para pacientes con reflujo gastroesofágico / Usefulness of the distal esophageal sphincter enhancement device (LINX®) for patients with gastroesophageal reflux

Resumen La fundoplicatura de Nissen laparoscópica (FNL) es el gold standard del tratamiento quirúrgico de pacientes con reflujo gastroesofágico patológico (RGE), con perfil de seguridad y resultados a largo plazo satisfactorios en un 80%. En la última década, se ha propuesto el uso de un dispositivo de potenciación del esfínter esofágico inferior (MSA) comercializado como LINX® (de Ethicon, Johnson & Johnson), como alternativa a la cirugía antirreflujo. El dispositivo consiste en una cadena expansible de cuentas de titanio con un núcleo magnético diseñadas para aumentar el tono del esfínter esofágico inferior (EEI) y evitar su relajación inadecuada. Los resultados preliminares han sido alentadores, sin embargo, no está exento de complicaciones. Las indicaciones más aceptadas son: RGE con motilidad esofágica normal y sin esofagitis erosiva, hernia hiatal < 3 cm, IMC <35 kg/m2 y pacientes sin cirugías gastroesofágicas previas. Se instala por vía laparoscópica. Los efectos adversos más importantes son: disfagia con necesidad de dilataciones endoscópicas, y, retiro del dispositivo, entre 1% y 7% a los 2,5 años. La mayoría de los estudios tienen limitaciones metodológicas, conflictos de interés, falta de resultados objetivos y seguimientos a largo plazo, impidiendo llegar a conclusiones extrapolables respecto a la eficacia del MSA.

Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication (LNF) is the gold standard of surgical treatment for patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GER), with safety profile and long term results satisfactory in 80%. In the last decade, the use of a Lower Esophageal Sphincter Enhancement Device (LESD), marketed as LINX® (from Ethicon, Johnson & Johnson), has been proposed as an alternative to Anti-Reflux Surgery. The device consists of an expandable chain of titanium beads with a magnetic core designed to increase the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and prevent its improper relaxation. Preliminary results have been encouraging; however, it is not without complications. The most accepted indications are: GER with normal esophageal motility and without erosive esophagitis, hiatal hernia < 3 cm, BMI <35 kg/m2, and patients without previous gastroesophageal surgeries. It is installed by laparoscopy. The most important adverse effects are: dysphagia with the need for endoscopic dilations, and, removal of the device, between 1 and 7% at 2.5 years. Most of the studies have methodological limitations, conflicts of interest, lack of objective results and long-term follow-up, preventing the reaching of extrapolable conclusions regarding the efficacy of MSA.

Estudo Comparativo entre Receptores de Desfibriladores Subcutâneos e Transvenosos em Relação à Tolerância ao Procedimento de Implante e Percepção da Qualidade de Vida / Comparative Study between Subcutaneous and Endovascular Defibrillator Recipients Regarding Tolerance to the Implant Procedure and Perception of Quality of Life

Resumo Fundamento O cardioversor-desfibrilador implantável subcutâneo (S-CDI) é uma alternativa segura ao sistema convencional do CDI transvenoso (TV-CDI) para evitar morte súbita. Objetivo Comparar o impacto do tipo de sistema de CDI e técnica cirúrgica na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, bem como a gravidade do desconforto e da dor, entre receptores de S-CDI e TV-CDI. Métodos Pacientes consecutivamente implantados com um sistema S-CDI foram pareados com pacientes com um sistema TV-CDI. Além disso, foram incluídos os pacientes submetidos ao implante de S-CDI após a remoção de um TV-CDI, devido a complicações. Foram avaliadas a qualidade de vida (medida com o questionário de saúde de 12 itens) e a gravidade da dor e desconforto. Significância estatística foi definida como p < 0,05. Resultados Foram analisados 64 pacientes implantados com S-CDI ou TV-CDI sob anestesia local e sedação consciente. Pacientes com sistemas S-CDI e TV-CDI não diferiram significativamente nos escores de qualidade de vida. Os pacientes com S-CDI apresentaram maior nível de dor peri-operatória; nenhuma diferença foi encontrada em relação à gravidade da dor intra-operatória. A magnitude do desconforto estético e dos distúrbios do sono não diferiu entre os grupos.O S-CDI foi implantado em 7 pacientes adicionais após a remoção de um TV-CDI. Todos exceto um desses pacientes recomendaram o sistema S-CDI. Conclusões O tipo de sistema de CDI e a técnica cirúrgica têm impacto insignificante na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Estes resultados sugerem que a sedação consciente, fornecida por uma equipe experiente de eletrofisiologia, pode ser considerada uma alternativa à anestesia geral para o manejo de pacientes submetidos ao implante de S-CDI.

Abstract Background The totally subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) is a safe alternative to the conventional transvenous ICD (TV-ICD) system to prevent sudden death. Objective To compare the impact of the type of ICD system and surgical technique on patients' quality of life, as well as the severity of discomfort and pain, between S-ICD and TV-ICD recipients. Methods Consecutively implanted patients with an S-ICD system were matched with patients with a TV-ICD system. In addition, patients undergoing S-ICD implantation after removal of a TV-ICD due to complications were included. Quality of life (measured with the 12-item short-form health survey) and severity of pain and discomfort were evaluated. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results A total of 64 patients implanted with S-ICD or TV-ICD under local anesthesia and conscious sedation were analyzed. Patients with S-ICD and TV-ICD systems did not differ significantly in quality of life scores. S-ICD patients had a higher level of perioperative pain; no differences were found regarding severity of intraoperative pain. The magnitude of aesthetic discomfort and sleep disturbances did not differ between groups. An S-ICD was implanted in 7 additional patients after removal of a TV-ICD. All but one of these patients recommended the S-ICD system. Conclusions The type of ICD system and the surgical technique have negligible impact on patients' quality of life. These results suggest that conscious sedation, provided by an experienced electrophysiology team, could be considered as an alternative to general anesthesia to manage patients undergoing S-ICD implantation.

A Relação entre Regurgitação Mitral e Implante Transcateter de Válvula Aórtica: um Estudo de Acompanhamento Multi-Institucional / Relationship between Mitral Regurgitation and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: a Multi-Institutional Follow-up Study

Resumo Fundamento A regurgitação mitral (RM) é prevalente em pacientes submetidos a implante transcateter de válvula aórtica (TAVI). Há algumas controvérsias sobre o impacto prognóstico da RM na sobrevida de pacientes submetidos a TAVI. Objetivo Examinar a relação entre TAVI e RM em uma população de pacientes do Registro Brasileiro de TAVI. Métodos Setecentos e noventa e cinco pacientes do Registro Brasileiro de TAVI foram divididos na linha de base, alta e acompanhamento de acordo com o grau da RM da maneira seguinte: ausente/leve (RMAL) ou moderado/grave (RMMG). Eles foram subsequentemente reagrupados de acordo com as mudanças imediatas e tardias na gravidade da RM após TAVI da maneira seguinte: RM sem mudança, melhora ou piora. Foram analisados os preditores e o impacto prognóstico na linha de base, bem como as mudanças na gravidade da RM. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p < 0,05. Resultados RMMG basal estava presente em 19,3% dos pacientes e foi um preditor de aumento da mortalidade tardia. Imediatamente após o TAVI, 47,4% dos casos melhoraram para RMAL, previsto por uma pontuação mais alta da Society of Thoracic Surgeons e um grau mais alto de regurgitação aórtica basal. No acompanhamento, 9,2% dos casos de RMAL pioraram para RMMG, enquanto 36,8% dos casos de RMMG melhoraram para RMAL. Fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) mais baixa na linha de base e melhora na FEVE durante o acompanhamento foram preditores de melhora da RM. Piora progressiva da RM no acompanhamento foi um preditor independente de maior mortalidade tardia após TAVI (p = 0,005). Conclusões A RMMG na linha de base é um preditor de mortalidade tardia após TAVI. FEVE mais baixa e melhora na FEVE durante o acompanhamento são preditores de melhora da RM após TAVI. A pior progressiva da gravidade da RM durante o acompanhamento é um preditor independente de mortalidade tardia; isto é um achado raro na literatura.

Abstract Background Mitral regurgitation (MR) is prevalent in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). There are some controversies about the prognostic impact of MR in survival of TAVI patients. Objective To examine the relationship between TAVI and MR in a patient population from the Brazilian TAVI Registry. Methods Seven hundred and ninety-five patients from the Brazilian TAVI Registry were divided at baseline, discharge, and follow-up according to their MR grade as follows: absent/mild (AMMR) or moderate/severe (MSMR). They were subsequently regrouped according to their immediate and late changes in MR severity after TAVI as follows: no change, improved, or worsened MR. Predictors and prognostic impact on baseline as well as changes in MR severity were analyzed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Baseline MSMR was present in 19.3% of patients and was a predictor of increased late mortality. Immediately after TAVI, 47.4 % of cases improved to AMMR, predicted by a higher Society of Thoracic Surgeons score and a higher grade of baseline aortic regurgitation. Upon follow-up, 9.2% of cases of AMMR worsened to MSMR, whereas 36.8% of cases of MSMR improved to AMMR. Lower baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and improvement in LVEF at follow-up were predictors of MR improvement. Progressive worsening of MR upon follow-up was an independent predictor of higher late mortality after TAVI (p = 0.005). Conclusions Baseline MSMR predicts late mortality after TAVI. Lower LVEF and improved LVEF at follow-up predict MR improvement after TAVI. Progressive worsening of MR severity at follow-up is an independent predictor of late mortality, which is a rare finding in the literature.

Influência da espessura dos segmentos de anel corneano na correção do astigmatismo ceratométrico em pacientes com ceratocone / Influence of corneal ring segment thickness on correction of corneal astigmatism in patients with keratoconus

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar retrospectivamente a influência da espessura do anel intracorneano na redução do astigmatismo corneano em pacientes portadores de ceratocone. Métodos: De um banco de dados com 2.033 olhos submetidos à cirurgia de implante de anel corneano, foi selecionada uma amostra de 90 olhos com características semelhantes em relação à ceratometria e ao astigmatismo. Todos os olhos deste estudo receberam dois segmentos de comprimento de arco tradicional de aproximadamente 160°, com espessuras variadas: Grupo A recebeu dois segmentos de 150µm; Grupo B recebeu dois segmentos de 200µm, e Grupo C recebeu dois segmentos de 250µm. As variáveis analisadas foram ceratometria média e astigmatismo corneano pré e pós-operatório. Resultados: Nos olhos que receberam dois segmentos de anel de 150µm de espessura (Grupo A), houve redução média de 5,0D (10%) em relação à ceratometria média e redução média de 3,26D (57,69%) em relação ao astigmatismo corneano. Na amostra em que foram utilizados dois segmentos de 200µm (Grupo B), foi observada redução da ceratometria média de 7,0D (14,28%) e do astigmatismo corneano de 3,53D (63,6%). Já na amostra que recebeu dois segmentos de anel de 250µm de espessura (Grupo C), a redução média da ceratometria foi de 10D (20,4%) e de seu astigmatismo corneano de 2,09D (38,99%). Conclusão: Nos pacientes com ceratocone submetidos à cirurgia de anel corneano, o aumento da espessura dos segmentos implantados promove maior aplanamento da córnea, mas não o aumento em sua capacidade de reduzir o astigmatismo ceratométrico. Seria interessante a análise de uma amostra maior de pacientes, aliada a cálculos vetoriais de astigmatismo, para comprovar os achados deste estudo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the influence of intracorneal ring thickness on reduction of corneal astigmatism in patients with keratoconus. Methods: From a database of 2,033 eyes submitted to corneal ring implant surgery, a sample of 90 eyes with similar keratometry and astigmatism characteristics was selected. All eyes in this study received two segments of traditional arc length of approximately 160°, with varying thicknesses: Group A received two segments of 150 µm; Group B received two segments of 200 µm, and Group C received two segments of 250 µm. The variables analyzed were mean keratometry and corneal astigmatism before and after surgery. Results: In the eyes that received two 150-µm ring segments (Group A), there was a mean reduction of 5.0 D (10%) in relation to mean keratometry, and a mean reduction of 3.26 D (57.69%) in relation to corneal astigmatism. In the sample in which two 200-µm segments (Group B) were used, there was a mean reduction in keratometry of 7.0 D (14.28%) and in corneal astigmatism of 3.53 D (63.6%). In the sample receiving two 250-µm ring segments (Group C), the mean reduction in keratometry was 10 D (20.4%) and in corneal astigmatism was 2.09 D (38.99%). Conclusion: In keratoconus patients undergoing corneal ring surgery, increased thickness of the implanted segments promotes greater flattening of the cornea, but does not enhance their ability to reduce corneal astigmatism. It would be interesting to analyze a larger sample of patients, combined with vector calculations of astigmatism, to confirm the findings of this study.

Impacto financeiro no tratamento cirúrgico do glaucoma / Financial impact on glaucoma surgical treatment

Resumo Objetivo: Segunda maior causa de cegueira mundial, o glaucoma, ocasionalmente necessita de procedimento cirúrgico para controle. Tendo o Brasil um Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), e crise político-econômica em 2016, objetiva-se avaliar o impacto financeiro na decisão terapêutica do glaucoma nos últimos 6 anos no Brasil, e considerar atual discussão sobre indicação de procedimentos intervencionistas precocemente no seu algoritmo terapêutico. Métodos: Estudo ecológico da população brasileira, com base no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS, avaliando comportamento temporal dos procedimentos cirúrgicos do SUS para tratamento do glaucoma, e variação do dólar como influenciador da tendência temporal sobre os procedimentos. Realizada a análise de Regressão Linear Simples, com significância estatística de P<0.05. Resultados: Entre 2013 e 2018 foram internados 24888 indivíduos por glaucoma, prevalência do sexo masculino (51.68%), brancos (32,57%) e idosos (57.84%). Regiões Sudeste (45.61%) e Nordeste (26.36%) com maior número de internações, sendo a Trabeculectomia (84,18%) principal procedimento realizado. Houve associação da Trabeculectomia e Implante de Válvula, individualmente e atrelados, com os valores do dólar nas regiões Centro-Oeste (β= 1,103 com P= 0,007 para Trabeculectomias e β= 1,105 com P=0,012 para ambos os procedimentos) e Sul (β= 16,727 e P= 0,006 para os Implantes), e associação entre aumento de Implantes na região Sul e maior cobertura na atenção básica (β= 0.64 e P= 0.009). Conclusão: Observou-se não interferência do dólar, e aumento dos procedimentos na região Sul e Centro-Oeste. Os resultados corroboram tendência intervencionista, podendo ser representada pelo possível uso dos procedimentos disponibilizados pelo SUS de forma precoce.

Abstract Objective: The second leading cause of blindness worldwide, glaucoma, occasionally requires surgical procedure for control. Given that Brazil has an Unified Health System (SUS) and a political-economic crisis in 2016, we aim to evaluate the financial impact on the therapeutic decision of glaucoma in the last 6 years in Brazil, and to consider the current discussion about early interventionist indication in its therapeutic algorithm. Methods: Ecological study of the Brazilian population, based on the SUS Hospital Information System, evaluating the temporal behavior of SUS surgical procedures on glaucoma treatment, and dollar variation as influencing the temporal trend on the procedures. Simple Linear Regression analysis was performed, with statistical significance of P <0.05. Results: Between 2013 and 2018, 24888 individuals were hospitalized for glaucoma, male prevalence (51.68%), whites (32.57%) and elderly (57.84%). Southeast (45.61%) and Northeast (26.36%) Regions with the largest number of hospitalizations, and Trabeculectomy (84.18%) being the main procedure performed. There was an association of trabeculectomy and valve implantation, individually and linked, with dollar values in the Midwest (β = 1.103 with P = 0.007 for Trabeculectomies and β = 1.105 with P = 0.012 for both procedures) and South (β). = 16,727 and P = 0,006 for Implants), and association between increased Implants in the South region and greater coverage in primary care (β = 0.64 and P = 0.009). Conclusion: Non-dollar interference was observed, and increased procedures in the South and Midwest. The results corroborate an interventionist tendency and may be represented, possible, by the use of procedures provided by the SUS in an early manner.

Pectus excavatum, manejo mínimamente invasivo con técnica de Nuss: experiencia Instituto Nacional del Tórax / Pectus excavatum, minimally invasive management with Nuss technique

Resumen Objetivo Comunicar la experiencia en el tratamiento de pectus excavatum en el Instituto Nacional del Tórax. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo con seguimiento. Se recolectaron datos de las variables de interés, mediante la revisión de fichas clínicas. Se incluyeron pacientes operados entre marzo de 2007 y abril de 2018. Resultados Se incluyeron 86 pacientes operados con técnica mínimamente invasiva en el período descrito. De ellos, 74 pacientes de sexo masculino. El promedio de edad al momento de la cirugía fue de 17,8 años. El principal motivo de consulta fue por desmedro estético que correspondió al 41,8% de los pacientes. Salvo en 1 paciente, en todo el resto se ocupó una sola barra. En nuestra serie hubo 12 pacientes que presentaron alguna complicación operatoria y 1 paciente fallecido. Hasta el cierre del seguimiento se retiraron 61 barras, 2 de ellas previo al período estipulado de tratamiento, por morbilidad. Hay 20 barras in situ y 4 pacientes de los cuales no se tiene registro por abandono de controles. Discusión El pectus excavatum es la más frecuente de las deformidades de la pared torácica, es 4 a 6 veces más frecuente en hombres que en mujeres. En general los pacientes son asintomáticos, aunque algunos pueden presentar síntomas cardiopulmonares. La reparación con cirugía mínimamente invasiva con técnica de Nuss aparece hoy en día como el gold standard de manejo. Conclusión El manejo de los pacientes con pectus excavatum en nuestra Institución se asemeja a lo reportado en la literatura internacional. Nuestros esfuerzos deben apuntar a disminuir la morbimortalidad asociada.

Aim To communicate the experience in the treatment of pectus excavatum in the National Institute of Thorax. Materials and Method: Descriptive study with follow-up. Data of variables of interest were collected through the review of clinical records. Patients operated between March 2007 and April 2018 were included. Results 86 patients operated with the Nuss technique were included in the period described. Of them, 74 male patients. The average age at the time of surgery was 17.8 years. The main reason for consultation was due to cosmetic detriment that corresponded to 41.8% of the patients. Except in 1 patient, in all the rest a single bar was occupied. In our series, there were 12 patients who presented some operative complication and 1 patient died. Up to the end of the follow-up, 61 bars were removed, 2 of them in non-scheduled surgery. There are 20 bars in situ and 4 patients of which there is no registration due to abandonment of controls. Discussion Pectus excavatum is the most frequent of the deformities of the chest wall, it is 4 to 6 times more frequent in men than in women. In general, patients are asymptomatic, although some may have cardiopulmonary symptoms. The repair with minimally invasive surgery with Nuss technique appears today as the goldstandard of management. Conclusion The management of patients with pectus excavatum in our Institution is similar to that reported in the international literature. Our efforts should aim to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality.

Digital workflow coupling conic retention for the immediate restoration of adjacent posterior implants / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the digital workflow coupling conic retention for the immediate restoration of adjacent posterior implants.@*METHODS@#The patients with adjacent teeth missing in the posterior jaw seeking for implant restoration in the Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from March, 2017 to February, 2018 were recruited. After implant placement and commercial conic retention coping delivery, the patient had an intraoral scan for digital impression, and the computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology was used for the fabrication of the immediate splinted prosthesis, which was made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and loaded immediately after delivery. Six months later, all the temporary prostheses were replaced by the permanent ones made of monolithic zirconia with CAD/CAM technology as well. The parallel periapical films were taken for the temporary and permanent prostheses post-delivery. The clinical effect of this workflow was evaluated by indices including the survival rates of implants and prostheses, the change of marginal bone level, and the implant-related and prosthesis-related complications; before the final restoration, the Visual Analogue Score (VAS) was used to evaluate the satisfaction of the patients.@*RESULTS@#Ten patients (4 males and 6 females, 55.5 years old for average) were recruited. Totally 34 implants were placed; 14 prostheses were fabricated, temporary and permanent, respectively. After an observation period from 4 to 14 months, the survival rate for implants and prostheses were both 100%; the marginal bone level of the implants were (1.06±0.97) mm and (0.96±0.82) mm, immediate post-operation and 6 months later, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Neither implant- nor prostheses- related complications were observed. And the VAS of the patients' satisfaction was 87.2.@*CONCLUSION@#For the adjacent posterior implants, the immediate prostheses manufactured by digital workflow, coupling conic retention, were clinically feasible and patient-satisfactory.

Artificial urinary sphincter surgery in the special populations: neurological, revision, concurrent penile prosthesis and female stress urinary incontinence groups / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) remains the standard of care in men with severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI) following prostate surgery and radiation. While the current AUS provides an effective, safe, and durable treatment option, it is not without its limitations and complications, especially with regard to its utility in some "high-risk" populations. This article provides a critical review of relevant publications pertaining to AUS surgery in specific high-risk groups such as men with spinal cord injury, revision cases, concurrent penile prosthesis implant, and female SUI. The discussion of each category includes a brief review of surgical challenge and a practical action-based set of recommendations. Our increased understandings of the pathophysiology of various SUI cases coupled with effective therapeutic strategies to enhance AUS surgery continue to improve clinical outcomes of many patients with SUI.

The modern testicular prosthesis: patient selection and counseling, surgical technique, and outcomes / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The testicular prosthesis can be an afterthought for providers when performing an orchiectomy for testicular cancer, torsion, atrophic testis, or trauma. However, data suggest that patients find the offer of a testicular prosthesis and counseling regarding placement to be extremely important from both a pragmatic and a psychosocial perspective. Only two-thirds of men undergoing orchiectomy are offered an implant at the time of orchiectomy and of those offered about one-third move forward with prosthesis placement. The relatively low acceptance rate is in stark contrast with high patient satisfaction and low complication rates for those who undergo the procedure. The most common postoperative patient concerns are minor and involve implant positioning, size, and weight. Herein, we provide an up-to-date review of modern preoperative evaluation, patient selection, expectation management, surgical technique, and expected outcomes for testicular prostheses.

Management of urethral atrophy after implantation of artificial urinary sphincter: what are the weaknesses? / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The use of artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence has become more prevalent, especially in the "prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-era", when more patients are treated for localized prostate cancer. The first widely accepted device was the AMS 800, but since then, other devices have also entered the market. While efficacy has increased with improvements in technology and technique, and patient satisfaction is high, AUS implantation still has inherent risks and complications of any implant surgery, in addition to the unique challenges of urethral complications that may be associated with the cuff. Furthermore, the unique nature of the AUS, with a control pump, reservoir, balloon cuff, and connecting tubing, means that mechanical complications can also arise from these individual parts. This article aims to present and summarize the current literature on the management of complications of AUS, especially urethral atrophy. We conducted a literature search on PubMed from January 1990 to December 2018 on AUS complications and their management. We review the various potential complications and their management. AUS complications are either mechanical or nonmechanical complications. Mechanical complications usually involve malfunction of the AUS. Nonmechanical complications include infection, urethral atrophy, cuff erosion, and stricture. Challenges exist especially in the management of urethral atrophy, with both tandem implants, transcorporal cuffs, and cuff downsizing all postulated as potential remedies. Although complications from AUS implants are not common, knowledge of the management of these issues are crucial to ensure care for patients with these implants. Further studies are needed to further evaluate these techniques.