Metaneumovirus humano en niños: primeros casos en Colombia / Human metapneumovirus in children: first cases in Colombia

El metaneumovirus humano es un nuevo patógeno asociado a infecciones respiratorias, principalmente en niños, que produce cuadros clínicos que van desde leves hasta graves, los cuales pueden incluso requerir tratamiento en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Hasta el momento, la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcripción inversa y el cultivo celular son los métodos más usados para su diagnóstico. Se presentan los seis primeros casos de metapneumovirus humano en niños de Medellín, Colombia.

Human metapneumovirus is a newly discovered pathogen associated with respiratory disease and occurring mainly in children. It produces an acute viral respiratory disease picture that varies from mild disease to severe, and which can require strict surveillance in intensive care units. Currently, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and cell culture are the most common methods for its diagnosis. The first six cases of human metapneumovirus in Colombia are presented from Medellín.

First report of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus co-infection in a 2-year-old Kawasaki patient in Iran

Respiratory virus infections in children are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A total of 897 clinical specimens were collected from February 2007 to January 2008 and transported to the National Influenza Center. Two hundred and two samples belonged to children under the age of six from 897 specimens, described above, were selected. Then they were tested for influenza virus types and subtypes by real time PCR assay subsequently, the specimens were tested for RSV and hMPV by hemi-nested multiplex PCR and parainfluenza viruses type 1-4 by hemi-nested mutiplex PCR and adenovirus by hemi-nested PCR. The throat swab was taken from the Kawasaki case with the history of chicken's contact. The specimen was tested for all influenza subtypes especially H5N1 and the results were negative. Meanwhile PCR was done for screening of other respiratory viruses that results came out positive for RSV and hMPV. In the present study, we demonstrated the possibility to detect dual infection caused by RSV and hMPV, but because of the extravagant pattern of this case, more investigation is suggested specially on Kawasaki patients

Human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus detection in young children with acute bronchiolitis.

This study was conducted to detect human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in young children hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis, using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from 170 children between 1 and 24 months of age admitted to two tertiary hospitals in northeastern Thailand, between 2002 and 2004. Acute bronchiolitis was defined as the first episode of wheezing associated with tachypnea, increased respiratory effort and an upper respiratory tract infection. Two-thirds (115/170) were positive for viral etiologies: 64.7% RSV (110/170) and 3.5% hMPV (6/170). One patient had a dual infection. hMPV was detected between August and November, while RSV was prevalent from July through March. The clinical manifestations among the 6 hMPV, RSV and non-RSV-infected children were similar. RSV was the leading cause of acute bronchiolitis in young children and hMPV had a low prevalence in northeastern Thailand.

Apnea como forma de presentación de una infección por metapneumovirus humano / Apnea as a presenting symptom in human metapneumovirus infection

Metapneumovirus humano (MPVh), agente de infección respiratoria aguda baja (IRAB) recientemente descrito, ha sido detectado en 5,4 por ciento de lactantes chilenos hospitalizados por IRAB, con estudio negativo para virus respiratorio sincicial, adenovirus, parain-fluenza e influenza. Puede determinar bronquiolitis o neumonía en hospitalizados, en ocasiones llega a requerir conexión a ventilación mecánica y tratamiento en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. En algunos casos se presenta como apnea, situación que es más frecuente en prematuros. Está descrita su transmisión nosocomial. Presentamos el caso de un lactante de un mes de edad, con apnea, antecedente de prematurez e infección por MPVh y una probable adquisición intrahospitalaria. Se revisan las características clínicas de la infección por este agente y se discute la asociación con apnea e infección nosocomial. El MPVh debiera ser incluido en el estudio etiológico de lactantes que presentan apnea con estudio viral convencional negativo y como agente respiratorio de infección nosocomial

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a recently described pathogen of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), has been detected in 5,4 percent of Chilean infants hospitalized for LRTI whom are negative for adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses. hMPV may cause bronchiolitis or pneumonia in hospitalized patients, and ocassionally require admission to intensive care units and mechanical ventilation. The infection has been associated with apnea, especially in preterm infants. Nosocomial dissemination has also been described. We present the case of a one-month-of age premature infant with apnea, and infection caused by hMPV of probable nosocomial aquisition. Clinical features of hMPV infection are reviewed and its association with apnea and nosocomial transmission is discussed. hMPV should be included in the routine diagnosis of respiratory viruses in infants with apnea and should be considered among the respiratory pathogens associated with nosocomial transmission

Insuficiencia respiratoria grave asociada a infección por metapneumovirus en lactantes / Severe respiratory distress associated to Metapneumovirus infection in infants

Introducción: El año 2001 investigadores holandeses reportaron un nuevo virus capaz de causar infección respiratoria aguda (IRA) alta y baja en niños, perteneciente a la familia Paramyxoviridae, siendo el primer patógeno humano perteneciente al género Metapneumovirus y bautizándose como metapneumovirus humano (hMPV). Objetivo: Reportar la evolución clínica de 4 lactantes con IRA baja por hMPV que presentaron insuficiencia respiratoria aguda grave y revisar la literatura. Pacientes y Método: Se revisó retrospectivamente las fichas clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de IRA por hMPV, hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos por insuficiencia respiratoria aguda entre noviembre de 2005 y septiembre de 2006. Una vez descartados los virus respiratorios habituales y Bordetella pertusis, se realizó búsqueda de hMPV mediante Transcripción reversa-Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para la proteína de fusión (F) y búsqueda de adenovirus (ADV) por cultivo celular. Resultados: Todos presentaron síndrome bronquial obstructivo (SBO), tres requirieron conexión a ventilación mecánica invasiva, dos de ellos luego de presentar neumotórax espontáneo que necesitó drenaje pleural. En dos casos hubo coinfección con Adenovirus. Los cultivos bacterianos fueron negativos y no hubo fallecidos. Conclusión: En lactantes con SBO grave debe tenerse presente el hMPV como agente etiológico y la coinfección con ADV.

Metapneumovirus humano como causa de hospitalización en niños bajo 3 años de edad, con infección respiratoria aguda, durante el año 2004 / Human metapneumovirus as hospitalization cause in children under 3 years old with acute respiratory infections during 2004

Metapneumovirus humano (MPVh) fue detectado entre julio y noviembre en 15 de 123 niños bajo 3 años de edad hospitalizados por infección respiratoria aguda (12 por ciento). Las muestras fueron estudiadas mediante técnicas de biología molecular (RPC-TR de muestra de hisopado nasofaríngeo y/o de sobrenadante de cultivo). El 67 por ciento de los niños hospitalizados con MPVh tenían menos de 1 año de edad, todos ellos presentaron tos y fiebre y el principal motivo de hospitalización fue el requerimiento de oxígeno en 73 por ciento de los casos. Si bien un tercio de los pacientes tenía patología previa, su evolución clínica no fue diferente respecto de los niños previamente sanos. El patrón radiológico mostró aumento de la trama intersticial, con focos de consolidación en 6 casos (40 por ciento). El diagnóstico más frecuente fue síndrome bronquial obstructivo o bronquiolitis, asociado o no a neumonía. Destaca la necesidad de un método de diagnóstico rápido para optimizar el diagnóstico diferencial, manejo y control de infecciones en estos pacientes.

Human metapneumovirus was detected in 15 of 123 children (12 percent) younger than 3 years of age hospitalized for treatment of acute respiratory infection between July and November 2004. The virus was detected by RT-PCR directly from nasopharyngeal swabs and/or from supernatants after cell culture. Children infected with hMPV were mostly younger than one year of age (67 percent), all presenting with fever and cough. The main cause for hospitalization was the need for oxygen therapy (73 percent). Four hMPV positive children had an identifiable co-morbid condition but had a similar clinical evolution when compared to previously healthy infants. Chest radiography showed an increase in interstitial infiltrates with focal consolidation in 6 children. Obstructive bronchial syndrome and bronchiolitis, with or without pneumonia, were the most frequent diagnosis associated with hMPV positivity. A rapid and sensitive diagnostic method is required to improve diagnosis and treatment of these patients.

Detección de metapneumovirus humano en niños hospitalizados por infección respiratoria aguda baja en Santiago, Chile / Detection of human metapneumovirus in children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory infection in Santiago, Chile

Background: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has recently been described as a new causal agent of acute low respiratory infection (ALRI) in children. In South America, detection has been reported only in Brazil and Argentina. Aim: To detect hMPV in children hospitalized for ALRI in Santiago, Chile. Material and Methods: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect N gene of hMPV in 182 nasopharyngeal aspirates that were negative for common respiratory viruses, obtained from children hospitalized for ALRI during 2003. Results: Ten samples (5.4%) were positive, most of them detected during spring months. Conclusions: Since hMPV was detected among infants with ALRI in Santiago, further studies on their prevalence should be done in South America.