Molecular diagnosis of eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) by polymerase chain reaction-DNA sequencing of cerebrospinal fluids of patients

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from clinically diagnosed patients with detectable Angiostrongylus canto-nensis-specific antibodies (n = 10), patients with clinically suspected cases that tested negative for A. cantonensis-an-tibodies (n = 5) and patients with cerebral gnathostomiasis (n = 2) and neurocysticercosis (n = 2) were examined by a single-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using the AC primers for the 66-kDa native protein gene. The PCR method detected A. cantonensis DNA in CSF samples from four of 10 serologically confirmed angiostrongyliasis cases. The PCR results were negative for the remaining CSF samples. The nucleotide sequences of three positive CSF-PCR samples shared 98.8-99.2% similarity with the reference sequence of A. cantonensis. These results indicate the potential application of this PCR assay with clinical CSF samples for additional support in the confirmation of eosinophilic meningitis due to A. cantonensis.

sICAM-1 in meningoencephalitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis / sICAM-1 en meningoencefalitis por Angiostrongylus cantonensis

INTRODUCTION: Angiostrongylus cantonensis meningoencephalitis is an emergent disease in the Americas. METHOD: Twelve children suffering from eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to this parasite aged between 6-10 years were studied. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were taken simultaneously in the first diagnostic puncture at admission. RESULTS: All cases showed typical findings on the routine CSF and serum analysis: increased CSF total protein, increased Q (CSF/serum) albumin accompanied by eosinophilia in CSF. No intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins was found. Mean serum and CSF sICAM-1 values were 337.4 and 3.97 ng/mL. Qalbumin and QsICAM-1 mean values were 4.1 and 6.2 respectively. In 50 percent of the patients an increased brain-derived fraction of sICAM-1 was found. CONCLUSION: It may be suggested that a dynamic of the sICAM-1 brain derived fraction is perhaps associated to the immune response in the evolution of the disease.sICAM-1 may be an agent in negative feedback for eosinophils passage through the blood-CSF barrier into the inflammatory brain response.

INTRODUCCION: La meningoencefalitis por Angiostrongylus cantonensis es una enfermedad emergente en las Américas. MÉTODO: Doce niños con meningoencefalitis eosinofílica por Angiostrongylus cantonensis con edades entre 6 y 10 años fueron estudiados. Se tomaron muestras simultáneas de suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) en la primera punción lumbar diagnóstica. RESULTADOS: Todos los casos evidenciaron hallazgos típicos en los análisis de rutina del LCR y suero: incremento de proteínas totales, aumento de la razón albúmina Q (LCR/suero) acompañado de eosinofilia en LCR. No se encontró síntesis intratecal de inmunoglobulinas. Los valores medios de sICAM-1 en suero y LCR fueron de 337,4 y 3,97 ng/mL respectivamente. Los valores medios de Q albúmina y Q sICAM-1 fueron de 4,1 y 6,2 respectivamente. En el 50 por ciento de los pacientes se encontró un incremento de la fracción de sICAM-1 derivado del cerebro. CONCLUSION: Se puede sugerir que la dinámica de la fracción sICAM-1 derivada del cerebro ocurre quizas asociada a la respuesta inmune frente a la enfermedad. sICAM-1 puede ser un agente de retroalimentación negativa para el paso de eosinófilos de la sangre a través de la barrera sangre-LCR en el cerebro inflamado.