Allergen-specific intralymphatic immunotherapy in human and animal studies

Clinical trials of intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) have been performed to overcome the limitations of long-term therapy and the local or systemic hypersensitivity reactions in conventional allergen-specific immunotherapy, including subcutaneous or sublingual immunotherapy. Additionally, several animal studies of ILIT have been conducted in the form of translational or veterinary research. We conducted a literature review to examine the treatment efficacy and adverse effects of ILIT.

Efficacy of activated charcoal-epirubicin suspension for treatment of breast cancer with axillary metastasis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of activated charcoal-epirubicin suspension (Epi-CH) for treatment of breast cancer and clearance of axillary lymph node metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with breast cancer of stages II-III were randomized into Epi-CH group (n=40) receiving injection with 10 mg Epi-CH in the tissue around the primary tumor 72 h before modified radical resection and control group (n=20) with 10 mg of aqueous epirubicin injection in the same region. The dissected axillary lymph nodes and the staining lymph nodes were counted. The concentration of epirubicin in the lymph nodes was detected by high-performance liquid chorography, and the specimens of lymph nodes were observed microscopically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In comparison with the control group, Epi-CH injection allowed dissection of 4.04 more lymph nodes (P<0.01) and resulted in the staining rate of the axillary lymph nodes of 86.9% (565/650). The proportion of the staining lymph nodes with diameter>1.0 cm was significantly lower than that with diameter <or=1.0 cm (96/131 vs 469/519, P<0.01). The metastatic rate of stained lymph nodes was similar with that in non-stained lymph nodes (214/565 vs 23/85, P>0.05). In Epi-CH group, the concentration of epirubicin in the stained lymph nodes was significantly higher than that in non-stained ones (443.0-/+123.1 vs 31.8-/+11.9 ng/g, P<0.01). Remarkable degeneration and necrosis could be observed microscopically in the stained lymph nodes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Epi-CH allows more effective treatment of breast cancer and clearance of axiliary metastasis by increasing the dissected lymph nodes and raising the concentration of epirubicin in the axillary lymph nodes.</p>

Evaluation of intratympanic gentamicin treatment in Meniere's disease

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of intratympanic instillation of gentamicin in 40 patients with unilateral Meniere's disease [MD] who become eligible for the evaluation of treatment efficacy according to the guidelines set by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery [AAO-HNS]. An initial ventilation tube was inserted in the affected ear, followed by a weekly instillation of 40 mg of gentamicin until symptoms disappear. Objective evaluation using caloric and videonystagmography [VNG] was used for follow up. Vertigo control was achieved in 78% of the patients. A predetermined maximum of four instillation sessions was set to prevent the sensorineural hearing loss. The follow up period was 18 months. Intratympanic instillation of gentamicin seems to produce an adequate vertigo control with few side effects and is a good alternative to surgical treatment

Preparation of lymphatic targeting dosage form: pingyangmycin absorbed on activated carbon nanoparticles / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare anticancer nanoparticles for targeting therapy for oral cancer lymph node metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The activated carbon nanoparticles (CH-NP) were prepared for drug carrier. Pingyangmycin (PYM), a high sensitive anticancer drug for oral squamous cell carcinoma, were selected as model drug. The activated carbon nanoparticles and PYM were mixed with saline and shaken 20 minutes so that PYM was absorbed on activated carbon enough, resulting in a new formulation of PYM (PYM-CH-NP). The absorbency of PYM on activated carbon nanoparticles was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The diameter distribution for CH-NP ranged form 136 nm, to 540 nm, the average diameter was 176 nm. The proportion of CH-NP to PYM was increased and more absorbency of PYM on activated carbon nanoparticles was achieved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The activated carbon nanoparticles has high absorbency of PYM. The new formulation PYM-CH-NP can be used as targeting therapy of cervical lymph node metastasis by peri-cancer submucosal injection.</p>

Mapeamento linfático intra-operatório para melanoma estádio clínico I: uma técnica promissora / Intra-operative lymphatic mapping for melanoma clinical stage I: a advanced techinique

Relato de casos e descriçäo de técnica cirúrgica utilizada para melanoma, cuja incidência mundial cresce 4 por cento ao ano. O mapeamento linfático intra-operatório com linfadenectomia seletiva indica a linfadenectomia completa quando o linfonodo sentinela se mostra comprometido, tnedo-se assim evitado, nos pacientes nos quais tal linfonodo se mostra livre da doença, a morbidade e os custos de uma linfadenectomia desnecessária

Vias de drenagem linfática e linfonodos da gengiva vestibular das maxilas de crianças / Lymphatic drainage vessels and lymph nodes of the vestibular gum in children's superior maxillar

Foram feitas injecöes seletivas de massa de Gerota, modificada por ROUVIERE (1932), na gengiva vestibular das maxilas de 37 cabeças de crianças com o intuito de tentar estabelecer quais as vias de drenagem linfática da gengiva das regiöes incisiva, canina e molar, que se dirigem para os linfonodos dos grupos submandibular e cervical profundo. Näo foram injetadas regiöes proximas entre si para se evitar confusäo na análise dos resultados. Toda a via de drenagem foi acompanhada desde sua origem até sua terminaçäo na primeira estaçäo de linfonodos. Apresenta-se com detalhe a descriçäo da origem, trajeto e terminaçäo das vias surgidas em cada regiäo, sem contudo conseguir estabelecer, mesmo com injeçöes seletivas, uma divisäo regional da drenagem da gengiva vestibular das maxilas devido à continuidade da rede linfática

Vias de drenagem linfática do palato duro e do véu palatino de recém-nascidos e crianças / Lymphatic drainage ways of the hard and soft palate of newborns and children

Os autores injetaram massa de Gerota nos linfáticos do palato duro e do véu palatino de 66 cabeças de recém-nascidos e crianças. As injeçöes foram realizadas nas regiöes mediana e paramediana do palato duro e do véu palatino, näo injetando regiöes prximas na mesma peça (injeçöes seletivas). Apresentam resultados que mostram ter a gengiva do lado palatino, a mucosa do palato duro e do véu palatino uma rede de vasos contínua, que dá origem a quatro vias de drenágem: vias palatinas submandibulares anterior e posterior, via palatina cervical profunda e via retrofaringeana bem como os linfonodos dos quais säo tributárias

Simplificacao da tecnica de linfoangiografia abdominal. / Simplification of abdominal lymphangiographic technique

Os autores apresentam uma nova tecnica de injecao do meio de contraste em linfoangiografia, atraves de um scalp calibre 25.Esta modificacao permite uma rapida injecao do contraste (em torno de 15 minutos), dispensa bombas injetoras especiais e controle radiografico durante a injecao

Percutaneous direct nodal injection: a method for cervical lymphography

"A trial of application of nodal lymphography for the cervical region was done in twenty patients with enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Contrary to the other techniques previously used, the present procedure proved to be simple, rapid and safe. It leaves no scars and needs no local anaesthetics, and succeeded in opacifying pathological lymph nodes which were not felt clinically. Both unilateral and bilateral injections showed evidences of contralateral flow, and communication between the lymphatics of both sides, particularly in cases with lymphostasis. Also collateral channels from the jugular chain to all groups of deep cervical lymph nodes and to the pretracheal nodes were observed"