Characteristics of civil defense search and rescue units, Turkey, 2008-2009

Search and rescue [SAR] is a component of emergency and disaster response. SAR teams are limited in number; thus, collecting information on their characteristics may facilitate the establishment of mutual agreement protocols between countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the Turkish Civil Defense SAR Units. This descriptive study was conducted in 11 provinces of Turkey from July 2008 to October 2009. Interviews, observations and records were used to gather data, and descriptive statistics are presented. To evaluate the adequacy of personnel and equipment, a Likert-type scoring system was used [0-4 points]. The size and population density of regions served by SAR Units varied. The mean duration of ground transportation from SAR Unit bases to the furthest provinces in their regions was 4.0 +/- 1.2 hours. The mean gathering and loading times were 70.5 +/- 42.3 and 48.6 +/- 18.0 minutes, respectively. The total employment ratio was 55.6%. The surface and underwater rescue section showed the highest functional sufficiency [3.3 +/- 0.7]. The mean value for adequacy of SAR equipment was 2.6. Deficiencies were identified in periodic medical check-ups, preventive health measures and after-mission medical examinations for the personnel. There is a need for standardization and improvement in various characteristics of SAR Units

Asistencia prehospitalaria del traumatizado grave / Prehospitalary assistance of the acute trauma

La asistencia pre-hospitalaria del traumatizado se remonta a la época de los griegos y romanos. Ha sido durante los grandes conflictos bélicos que se han mejorado el tratamiento y el transporte de las víctimas del trauma. En nuestros días el trauma es la principal causa de mortalidad en jóvenes y demanda enormes costos en asistencia y rehabilitación. El rescate de las víctimas que sobreviven al trauma requiere: respuesta rápida, entrenamiento, materiales adecuados y sentido común. El asegurar la vía aérea y lograr una buena ventilación, junto con estabilizar la columna para no causar daño secundario, y el rápido traslado a un centro hospitalario adecuado son las claves de la sobrevida de estos pacientes. Se requieren programas de educación a gran escala para abatir las cifras de mortalidad actuales.