Serie parasitosis en dermatología: pediculosis / Parasitosis in dermatology: pediculosis

La enfermedad producida por Pediculus humanus capitis, conocida como pediculosis, es una parasitosis específica del ser humano de distribución mundial. El contagio puede ser directo por contacto con el cuero cabelludo de una persona afectada, o por fómites contaminados con parásitos, por lo que no distingue raza, sexo, edad ni nivel socioeconómico. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 80 años con una forma típica de pediculosis. (AU)

The disease caused by Pediculus humanus capitis, known as pediculosis, is a human specific parasitosis. It has a worldwide distribution. Transmission can be by direct contact with the scalp of an affected person or by contaminated fomites with parasites. This infestation makes no distinction of race, sex, age, or socioeconomic status. We present a case of an 80 years old patient with a typical case of pediculosis. (AU)

Reflexões sobre alguns ensaios com o Gammexane no combate aos transmissores da doença de Chagas, de Emmanuel Dias e José Pellegrino, 1948: conquistas e desafios no contexto da diversidade triatomínica, cem anos após a descoberta da tripanossomíase americana / Reflections on some tests with the Gammexane transmitters in the fight against Chagas disease, Emmanuel Dias and Joseph Pellegrino, 1948: achievements and challenges in the context of triatomine diversity, one hundred years after the discovery of American trypanosomiasis

Revisões históricas aos avanços científicos para o controle da doença, o Simpósio Internacional Comemorativo do Centenário da Descoberta da Doença de Chagas (1909-2009).

Alguns ensaios com o Gamexanne no combate aos transmissores da doença de chagas / Some tests with the Gamexanne transmitters in the fight against Chagas disease

Revisões históricas aos avanços científicos para o controle da doença, o Simpósio Internacional Comemorativo do Centenário da Descoberta da Doença de Chagas (1909-2009).

Comparison of the efficacy of topical 1% lindane vs 5% permethrin in scabies: a randomized, double-blind study.

BACKGROUND: Permethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, is not yet available in Iran and may be a useful substitute for the control of scabies in Iran. AIM: To compare the efficacy of topical lindane with topical permethrin in the treatment of scabies in a population in Iran. METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized study, all consecutive patients with scabies were randomized into two groups. One group and their family contacts received 1% lindane cream, and the other group and their family contacts were treated with topical 5% permethrin cream. Subsequently, patients were followed up at 2- and 4-week post-treatment. RESULTS: Of the 99 patients enrolled in the study, 47 patients received 1% lindane cream, and 52 patients were treated topically with 5% permethrin cream. Permethrin provided an improvement rate of 84.6% after two weeks, whereas lindane was effective only in 48.9% of patients. CONCLUSION: Permethrin (5%) cream was found to be significantly more effective in the treatment of scabies in comparison with lindane in this study, and it seems that it could be an alternative treatment.

Interaction of technical hexachlorocyclohexane and oxydemeton methyl 25 EC to female rats after dermal application.

Technical hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH, 100 mg/kg/day) and oxydemeton methyl 25 EC (125 mg/kg/day) to female rats for 7, 15 and 30 days individually and in combination through skin application caused pathomorphological changes in vital organs and significant enzymatic changes in liver and serum. However changes produced by the two compounds in combination were not suggestive of potentiation effect at the tested dose level in female rats.

Topical steroid induced chronic demodicidosis.

We report a 39-year-old female patient who developed pruritic erythematous telangiectatic patches with scaly follicular papules on the neck and upper chest for 4 years. Ten per cent potassium hydroxide preparation of skin scrapings revealed Demodex folliculorum. Histology showed three Demodex mites in one of the hair follicles. She was treated with a topical steroid without improvement. The skin lesions and Demodex mite disappeared after a single application of 1 per cent gamma benzene hexachloride but twice daily application of 1 per cent gamma benzene hexachloride for 2 weeks was needed to prevent recurrence.

Repeated dermal toxicity of technical HCH and methyl parathion (50EC) to female rats (Rattus norvigicus).

Repeated dermal application of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH; 100 mg/kg/day) or methyl parathion (2 mg/kg/day) individually or in combination for 7, 15 and 30 days produced pathomorphological changes in skin, liver, kidney and brain of female rats along with significant enzymatic alterations in the activity of transaminase, alkaline phosphatase lactic dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase. The two insecticides in combination though produced severe toxicity on day 30 than at other periods, the changes were not suggestive of any additive or potentiation effect at the test doses.

Dietary hexachlorocyclohexane induced changes in blood and liver lipids in albino mice.

Dietary intake of technical hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) by albino mice for 2 weeks (at 400 and 800 ppm) resulted in hyperlipemia. Significant increase in triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol fractions of blood was observed in these animals. Dietary intake of gamma-isomer of HCH for 2 weeks (at 200 ppm) did not have any effect on blood lipid profile, but at 400 ppm level produced higher contents of phospholipids and cholesterol. The hepatomegaly produced by dietary technical HCH or gamma-HCH was not accompanied by fatty metamorphosis of liver. Hypertriglyceridemia caused by HCH was accompanied by lower triglyceride levels in liver, suggesting a possible higher rate of secretion from liver.

Lipoperóxidaçäo hepática e renal em ratos tratados com hexaclorociclohexano técnico / Hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation in rats treated with technical hexachlorocyclohexane

Ratos machos Wistar com 30 dias de idade receberam, por 60 a 90 dias, 900 ppm de hexaclorociclohexano técnico (HCH) na dieta. A lipoperoxidaçäo hepática e renal foi avaliada, determinando-se a quantidade de malonildialdeído produzida por homogenados de fígado e rim. A proliferaçäo do retículo endoplasmático agranular foi acompanhada pela medida dos níveis de citocromos P450 e b5. Encontrou-se um aumento significativo (68% e 39%, para 60 a 90 dias respectivamente) na produçäo hepática de lipoperóxidos, assim como no rim (25% e 46%). Os níveis hepáticos dos citocromos P450 e b5 mostraram-se aumentados em todos os casos. Possíveis mecanismos envolvidos säo discutidos