Histopathological changes in liver, kidney and muscles of pesticides exposed malnourished and diabetic rats.

Histopathological changes were observed in liver, kidney and muscles of normal, protein-malnourished, diabetic as well as both protein-malnourished and diabetic albino rats when exposed to a mixture of monocrotophos, hexachlorocyclohexane and endosulfan at varying intervals. The examination revealed hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and muscular necrotic effects in pesticides exposed rats. Toxicity was aggravated in protein-malnourished and diabetic animals and more so, if the animals were both diabetic and protein-malnourished.

Dose related histological changes on rabbit liver; orally administered hexachlorocyclohexane [HCH]

Insecticide HCH was studied for its effects on male Oractolagus cuniculus rabbit liver in a dose of5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg body weight given orally once daily for 30 days, in order to observe histological changes caused by drug induced toxicity. Dose related decrease in growth rate, hair loss, increase in liver weight and increase in relative tissue weight index was observed. On light microscopy, thickening of liver capsule, dilatation of central vein, congestion of sinusoid central vein and portal vessels, prominent Kupffer cell, focal necrotic changes, inflammatory infiltration, biliary hyperplasia, portal fibrosis and widening of portal tract was observed. But with 20 mg/kg bw dose, the fibrosis was minimal and degeneration and necrotic changes were marked, suggesting the highly hepatotoxic nature of the chemical

Effect of hexachlorocyclohexane on hsp26 expression in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster.

Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) at different concentrations (0.5 to 5.0 ng/ml) mixed with food was fed to third instar larvae of hsp26-lacZ transgenic Drosophila for 2 hr and hsp26 gene expression was examined by beta-galactosidase staining. Puffing in salivary gland polytene chromosomes was also studied. Brain and midgut of larvae showed dark blue staining at 2.0 and 5.0 ng/ml of HCH. Absence of induced puffing at 67B and 84D in the salivary gland polytene chromosomes indicated that these glands are not affected. The study suggests presence of the vulnerable sites in larvae to the higher concentrations of HCH.

Age-related differences of hexachlorocyclohexane effect on hepatic oxidative stress parameters of chicks.

Acute hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH; 50 mg/kg body wt, i.p.) treatment in young (30-day-old) chicks resulted in elevation of lipid peroxidation (LPX) only in nuclear fractions of livers while the same treatment in immature (7-day-old) chicks resulted in elevation of LPX in various liver subcellular fractions. Treatment of various subcellular fractions of livers with HCH in vitro stimulated increased LPX in young chicks than in immature ones. Hepatic cytoplasmic CN-sensitive and -resistant superoxide dismutase activities in immature chicks were inhibited significantly by HCH but no effect was observed in case of young chicks. The pesticide treatment in both immature and young chicks did not influence hepatic catalase activity. The level of glutathione in the liver of young chicks increased in response to the pesticide treatment but remained unaffected in the case of immature chicks. The results of the present study show that HCH-induced changes in hepatic oxidative stress parameters in chicks are age dependent.

The influence of humidity on the residual action of benzene hexachloride

Em câmaras de umidade controlada foi observada diferença na velocidade de absorçäo do BHC relacionada ao substrato borrifado. Embora näo seja mais utilizado o BHC pelo Controle da Doença de Chagas no Brasil, estes dados podem ser relevantes para outros inseticidas usados em programas de controle

Lindane mediated induction of cytochrome P-450 mRNA in rat liver: studies with a nonradioactive cDNA probe.

Effect of lindane on the induction of cytochrome P-450 mRNA in rat liver was studied using a biotinylated cDNA probe. Exposure to lindane resulted in an increase in the levels of P-450 mRNA. The observed increase in mRNA was maximal (5-6-fold) after 18 hr of lindane treatment and lesser (50%) than mediated by phenobarbital for the same duration.

Influence of dietary hexachlorocyclohexane isomers on lipid metabolism in albino rats.

Dietary intake of beta- and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta- and gamma-HCH) by albino rats for two weeks (at 800 ppm level) resulted in impairment of lipid metabolism, viz. hyperlipemia and fatty metamorphosis of liver. Liver fat content was increased by both beta- and gamma-HCH. Significant increases were observed in triglyceride and phospholipid fractions of blood in these experimental animals. The incorporation of [14C]acetate and palmitate into liver and blood lipids was higher in HCH pretreated animals, suggesting a higher rate of fat synthesis in liver and of secretion as well.

Evaluación de la capacidad porfirinogénica del lindano en ratas / Evaluation of porphyrinogenic effect of lindane in rats

Se quiso evaluar la capacidad porfirinogénica del lindano en ratas, para lo cual se trataron los animales durante aproximadamente 3 meses con el pesticida disuelto por medio de Tween o en aceite, y se determinó semanalmente a lo largo del tratamiento la excreción urinaria de porfirinas y precursores: ácido rô-aminolevulínico (ALA) y porfobilinógeno (PBG), y la excreción fecal de coproporfirina (COPRO) y protoporfirina (PROTO). Al cabo del tratamiento se determinaron las actividades hepáticas de: ALA-Sintetasa (ALA-S), enzima primera y regulatoria del camino biosintético de las porfirinas y el hemo, y porfirinógeno carboxiliasa (PCL) enzima de descarboxila secuencialmente el uroporfirinógeno (8COOH) para dar coproporfirinógeno (4 COOH). El lindano produjo ligeros aumentos de la excreción urinaria tanto de precursores como de porfirinas, siendo este último parámetro el más afectado. También se encontró aumentada la excreción de COPRO y PROTO en heces. En cambio, no se alteró la actividad de ALA-S, lo que sugiere que los disturbios hallados no afectan el "pool" regulatorio de hemo. Tampoco se vio alterada la actividad de PCL pese a ser esta enzima el blanco de ataque de otros compuestos clorados. Por lo tanto, el lindano, pese a estar químicamente relacionado y producir metabolitos comunes con el hexaclorobenceno (HCB), un conocido agente porfirinogénico, produce una alteración del camino biosintético del hemo y cualitativamente diferente,. Esto podría estar relacionado con la ausencia o escasa formación del metabolito reactivo responsable de los efectos del HCB

Tratamiento de la escabiosis / Treatment of the scabies

En el presente trabajo, fue probada la eficacia terapeutica del gamexane o lindano en el tratamiento de la ESCABIASIS en 200 personas, se han usado concentraciones de 1 a 2 % aplicadas en tres esquemas en cuanto se refiere al tiempo de aplicacion. Pudimos sacar al conclusion que el esquema mas eficas en el empleo de la concentracion al 1% durante 2 dias (95%) por la alta tasa de curaciones y menor numero de casos con efectos colarerales.