Mediastinitis necrotizante descendente de origen odontogénico / Descending necrotizing mediastinitis of odontogenic origin

Resumen Introducción: El tratamiento inoportuno e ineficaz de las infecciones odontogénicas puede causar complicaciones potencialmente mortales como la mediastinitis necrotizante descendente (MND). La MDN es una infección grave que afecta al cuello-tórax, con una alta tasa de mortalidad por sepsis e insuficiencia orgánica si no se trata de manera rápida y efectiva. Objetivo: Describir un caso de MND de origen odontogénico y su manejo médico-quirúrgico. Caso clínico: Presentamos un paciente de sexo masculino de 34 años que ingresa con un cuadro infeccioso agudo de origen odontogénico, que compromete espacios de la cabeza, cuello y tórax (mediastino superior), el cual se trata exitosamente. Discusión: Las infecciones odontogénicas son generalmente localizadas y que se pueden tratar mediante terapias convencionales. A pesar de esto, si estas infecciones no pueden controlarse, ya sea por no realización de tratamientos oportunos o por estados inmunosuprimidos del paciente, se pueden desarrollar diferentes complicaciones como la MND. Conclusión: Un diagnóstico rápido, el tratamiento quirúrgico agresivo, la terapia antibiótica adecuada y la atención de apoyo son los pilares fundamentales para el manejo de la MND.

Introduction: Inappropriate and ineffective treatment of odontogenic infections can cause life-threatening complications such as Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis (MND). MDN is a serious infection that affects the neck-thorax, with a high mortality rate from sepsis and organ failure if it is not treated quickly and effectively. Aim: To describe a case of MND of odontogenic origin and its medical-surgical management. Case report: We present a 34-year-old male patient who is admitted with an acute infectious condition of odontogenic origin, which compromises spaces of the head, neck and thorax (upper mediastinum), which is treated successfully. Discussion: Odontogenic infections are generally localized and can be treated by conventional therapies. In spite of this, if these infections cannot be controlled, either by not carrying out appropriate treatments or by immunosuppressed states of the patient, different complications such as MND can develop. Conclusion: A rapid diagnosis, aggressive surgical treatment, adequate antibiotic therapy and supportive care are the fundamental pillars for the management of MND.

Sclerosing mediastinitis causing unilateral pulmonary edema due to left atrial and pulmonary venous compression. a case report and literature review

Abstract Sclerosing mediastinitis (SM), previously named chronic fibrosing mediastinitis, is an inflammatory process that in its end-stage results to sclerosis around the mediastinal structures. SM is quite rare and has been correlated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as malignancy. SM may either present in a mild form, with minor symptoms and a benign course or in a more aggressive form with severe pulmonary hypertension and subsequent higher morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of SM may be difficult and quite challenging, as symptoms depend on the mediastinal structure that is mainly involved; quite often the superior vena cava. However, practically any mediastinal structure may be involved by the fibrotic process, such as the central airways, as well as the pulmonary arteries and veins, leading to obstruction or total occlusion. The latter may be impossible to undergo proper surgical excision of the lesion, and is considered to be a real challenge to the surgeon. We herein report a case of SM that presented with arterial and venous compression. The imaging appearance was that of unilateral pulmonary edema, associated with lung collapse. The case is supplemented by a non-systematic review of the relevant literature.

Perforación esofágica por cuerpo extraño / Esophageal perforation by foreign body

Presentamos un caso de perforación esofágica por cuerpo extraño. Las causas de perforación esofágica pueden clasificarse en: instrumentales, espontáneas, quirúrgicas, traumáticas y cuerpos extraños. La perforación esofágica es una situación grave con alto índice de morbimortalidad debido a su difícil diagnóstico y falta de consenso pleno en su tratamiento. La clínica es polimorfa e inespecífica y el diagnóstico requiere alto grado de sospecha. La mortalidad oscila entre 10 y 40%.

We report a case of esophageal foreign body perforation. The causes of esophageal perforation can be classified into: instrumental, spontaneous, surgical, trauma and foreign bodies. Esophageal perforation is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality rates due to its difficult diagnosis and lack of full consensus on treatment. The clinic is polymorphous and unspecific and diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. Mortality ranges from 10 to 40%.

Incomplete duplication of the esophagus: a case report.

A case of incomplete duplication of the esophagus diagnosed in a 20-month-old girl with an esophageal perforation is presented. X-ray films of the chest showed pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. A water soluble contrast esophagogram revealed a contrast leakage from the cervical esophagus to the thoracic inlet. The endoscopic findings are described. Complete resection of the esophageal duplication was effective.