Correlation between autoimmune thyroid diseases and helicobacter pylori infection

Background: Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) usually acquired in childhood, it colonizes the gastric mucosa of about 50% of the world's population at some time in their life. In eastern countries, H. pylori infection has a prevalence of approximately 70%. Objective: To correlate between H. pylori infection and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done on 200 patients selected as a convenient sample with upper GI upset. They were selected from gastroenterology outpatient clinics at Al-Hussein and Alexandria Police Hospitals, during the summer months of 2018. They were classified according to the results of stool H. pylori Ag testing into two groups; positive and negative (each group 100 patient). This is cross-sectional study done on 200 patients selected as a convenient sample Results: Our results indicated that patients with H. pylori infection were more susceptible to AITD. There was significant association between H. pylori infection and both Hashimoto's and Graves' disease. H. pylori infection had shown to be associated with elevated liver enzymes, anemia, and IL 17. Conclusion: There is a significant positive relationship between H. pylori infection and Hashimoto's disease (HT). There is a significant positive relationship between H. pylori infection and Graves' disease (GD)

Dermatomiosite na infância / Juvenile dermatomyositis

A dermatomiosite juvenil é uma doença autoimune que acomete crianças e adolescentes entre 2 e 17 anos de idade, com média de 7 anos ao diagnóstico. É caracterizada por vasculopatia sistêmica e suas manifestações principais são fraqueza muscular proximal simétrica, elevação de enzimas musculares séricas e lesões cutâneas, sendo que o heliótropo e as pápulas de Gottron são patognomônicas. Sua identificação precoce e instituição rápida de tratamento adequado podem prevenir o aparecimento de calcinose e possibilitam melhor prognóstico e qualidade de vida ao paciente. Embora a base medicamentosa da terapia seja o uso de glicocorticoide, o metotrexato, a ciclosporina, a azatioprina e a ciclofosfamida, dependendo da gravidade, são os imunossupressores mais frequentemente utilizados. Imunoglobulina endovenosa pode ser útil nos casos graves e atualmente o uso de imunobiológicos representa uma nova perspectiva para os casos refratários.

Establishment of human cardiac C protein induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis model in rat / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct the recombinant plasmid of human cardiac C protein (CCP) peptide with immunogenicity and to express, purification and renature fusion protein. The fusion protein was injected to Lewis rats to establish experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total RNA was extracted from human heart and used as the template for reverse transcriptase-directed cDNA synthesis. The cDNA was then amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers specific for CCP peptide with immunogenicity. Subsequently, the purified CCP peptide gene was cloned into PEASY-T1 vector and the ligated product was identified by PCR and DNA sequence analysis. Then the CCP target gene of positive clone was inserted into the pQE30, a prokaryotic expression vector, and the inserting plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli. host M15. The positive clone extracted from the bacterium liquid was sieved by insertional inactivation sieve method and identified by PCR of bacterium liquid, CCP immunological peptide was purified and renatured in semipermeable membrane. EAM model in Lewis rats was induced by injection of mixture of 100 µg CCP fusion protein immunological peptide and 2.5 g/L completed Freund adjuvant from two double foot pad and subsequent abdominal injection of 0.5 µg pertussis toxin. Two, four, six, and eight weeks after immunization, hemodynamic evaluation was made and hearts underwent histological examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The DNA sequence analysis for cloning vector extraction revealed that the CCP target gene was cloned into pQE30 exactly. The DNA of 1000 bp length was obtained by PCR examination of bacterium liquid with transformation of express recombinants which were consistent with the expected size. Purified fusion protein in vertical slab gel electrophoresis showed 35 000 as expected. The recombinant CCP fusion protein existed in inclusion bodies of E. coli and amounted to 80% - 90% of the total protein. Hemodynamic and histological evaluations showed typical acute inflammatory responses at 2 weeks, subacute inflammatory and fibrosis changes at 4 weeks after injection, and signs of chronic dilated cardiomyopathy at 6 weeks post injection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combination of gene clone technique and histidine tag protein purification technique can be used to synthesize human cardiac C protein to induce EAM model in Lewis rat.</p>

Pênfigo vulgar: revisão de literatura e relato de caso clínico / Penphigus vulgaris: literature review and a case report

O Pênfigo vulgar é uma doença auto-imune, vesículobolhosa, crônica e grave, caracterizada pela formação de auto-anticorpos IgG contra as glico proteínas desmogleína 1 e 3, ocasionando a acantólise do epitélio. Acomete pele e mucosas, dentre elas a mucosa bucal, faríngea, laríngea, esofágica, nasal, conjuntiva e genital. Clinicamente, apresentam-se como erosões e ulcerações superficiais, distribuídas ao acaso na mucosa bucal. Tais lesões podem afetar qualquer local da mucosa bucal, entretanto, palato, mucosa labial, ventre lingual e a gengiva são acometidos com maior frequência. A incidência é rara, mas apesar disto, o pênfigo vulgar é uma doença importante que se não tratada pode levar a morte. Este trabalho realiza uma revisão da literatura sobre o Pênfigo vulgar e descreve um caso clínico, que evidencia a importância do diagnóstico precoce realizado pelo cirurgião dentista, uma vez que as primeiras manifestações desta doença são lesões bucais.

Pemphigus Vulgaris is an autoimmune, vesicle-bullous, chronic and severe disease, characterized by the formationof IgG auto antibodies against desmoglein 1 and 3, leading to acantholysis of the epithelium. This disease affects skin and mucous membranes, as oral mucosa, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, nasal, conjunctiva and genital. Clinically, it ispresented as erosions and ulcers distributed in the oral mucosa. These injuries can affect any site of the oral mucosa; however, other areas as palate, labial mucosa, ventral tongue and gingiva are affected more frequently. Although the incidence is rare, pemphigus vulgaris can lead to death unless properly treated. This study provides a review of the literature and describes a clinical case of pemphigus vulgaris showing the importance of early diagnosis made by the dentist, once the first manifestations of this disease are oral lesions.

Observation of auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emission on the animal model of autoimmune auditory neuropathy / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To set up an animal model of autoimmune auditory neuropathy and to observe the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) in guinea pigs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The spiral ganglion and the cochlear nerve were obtained and purified by electrophoresis from 250 normal guinea pigs. The purified cochlear nerve antigen was mixed with an equal volume of complete Freunds adjuvant for immunization. Seventy guinea pigs were divided into three groups: experiment group (50 guinea pigs), control group (10 guinea pigs), normal group (10 guinea pigs). ABR, DPOAE, serum IgG levels, and morphological changes of spiral ganglion cells and the cochlear nucleus were observed. The protein expressions of the antigen were examined by immunohistochemistry and the super-structure of the auditory nerve were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The threshold of ABR response increased ranged from 10 to 25 dB in 32% (32/100 ears) of the guinea pigs. The peak latencies of waves I , III and the interpeak latency I approximately III were prolonged in the hearing loss group of guinea pigs. Prolonged peak latency of wave III was noted in hearing loss group at 2 and 3 weeks post immunization and slowly decreased to normal peak latency. The amplitude of DPOAE was no difference in the guinea pigs. The levels of serum IgG increased significantly compared with those of the control group. Inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the cochlear nerve and the number of spiral ganglion cells detected. On the contrary, inflammatory cell infiltration was not observed in the cochlear nucleus. The cell densities and the across-sectional areas of neurons in anteroventral cochlear nucleus and posteroventral cochlear nucleus were no difference in the guinea pigs. The antigen protein distributed strictly in cochlear nerve and the spiral ganglion. Some demyelinated areas in cochlear nerve was observed in this group. The threshold of ABR response in 68% guinea pigs (68/100 ears) did not increase. The data of DPOAE and the serum IgG levels show no difference compared with the control group. There were not pathological observation in spiral ganglion cells, cochlear nucleus and cochlear nerve.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>An animal model of autoimmune auditory neuropathy has been set up successfully and the character of the ABR and DPOAE was observed.</p>