Upper gastrointestinal alterations in kidney transplant candidates / Alterações digestivas altas em candidatos a transplante renal

ABSTRACT Introduction: The incidence of gastrointestinal disorders among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high, despite the lack of a good correlation between endoscopic findings and symptoms. Many services thus perform upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy on kidney transplant candidates. Objectives: This study aims to describe the alterations seen on the upper endoscopies of 96 kidney-transplant candidates seen from 2014 to 2015. Methods: Ninety-six CKD patients underwent upper endoscopic examination as part of the preparation to receive kidney grafts. The data collected from the patients' medical records were charted on Microsoft Office Excel 2016 and presented descriptively. Mean values, medians, interquartile ranges and 95% confidence intervals of the clinic and epidemiological variables were calculated. Possible associations between endoscopic findings and infection by H. pylori were studied. Results: Males accounted for 54.17% of the 96 patients included in the study. Median age and time on dialysis were 50 years and 50 months, respectively. The most frequent upper endoscopy finding was enanthematous pangastritis (57.30%), followed by erosive esophagitis (30.20%). Gastric intestinal metaplasia and peptic ulcer were found in 8.33% and 7.30% of the patients, respectively. H. pylori tests were positive in 49 patients, and H. pylori infection was correlated only with non-erosive esophagitis (P = 0.046). Conclusion: Abnormal upper endoscopy findings were detected in all studied patients. This study suggested that upper endoscopy is a valid procedure for kidney transplant candidates. However, prospective studies are needed to shed more light on this matter.

RESUMO Introdução: A incidência de doenças gastrointestinais altas em pacientes com doença renal crônica é elevada, porém não há boa correlação entre achados endoscópicos e sintomas. Assim, muitos serviços preconizam a realização de Endoscopia Digestiva Alta (EDA) nos candidatos a transplante renal. Objetivos: Descrever alterações endoscópicas presentes em 96 candidatos a transplante renal no período de 2014 a 2015. Métodos: Noventa e seis pacientes renais crônicos submetidos à EDA como preparo para transplante renal. Prontuários médicos dos pacientes foram revisados, os dados tabulados no programa Microsoft Office Excel 2016 e apresentados de maneira descritiva. Calculou-se média, mediana, intervalo interquartílico e intervalo de confiança de 95% das variáveis utilizadas. Alterações endoscópicas foram apresentadas quanto ao número, intervalo de confiança e valor de P, e correlacionadas com a presença ou ausência de infecção por Helicobacter pylori. Resultados: Dos 96 pacientes, 54,17% eram homens e 45,83% mulheres. As medianas de idade e tempo em diálise foram 50 anos e 50 meses, respectivamente. O achado mais comum na EDA foi pangastrite enantematosa (57,30%), seguida de esofagite erosiva (30,20%). Metaplasia intestinal gástrica e úlcera péptica foram encontradas em 8,33% e 7,30% dos pacientes, respectivamente. Pesquisa para H. pylori foi positiva em 49 pacientes, e somente houve correlação entre infecção por H. pylori e esofagite não erosiva (P = 0,046). Conclusão: Afecções gastrointestinais foram detectadas em todos os pacientes estudados. Os achados deste estudo sugerem que a realização de EDA em candidatos a receber transplante renal é desejável. Entretanto, estudos prospectivos são necessários para responder a esta questão.

Linfoma gástrico no Hodgkin perforado / Perforated gastric non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Los linfomas son tumores sólidos del sistema linfático y se subdividen en linfomas de Hodgkin y no-Hodgkin. Los tumores no Hodgkin pueden originarse en tejidos no ganglionares como el tubo digestivo y son considerados primarios cuando el compromiso extranodal es igual o superior al 75% con relación al compromiso nodal. Los linfomas extranodales gastrointestinales representan del 1% al 4% de los tumores del tracto digestivo y del 10 al 15% de todos los linfomas no Hodgkin. El estómago es el sitio extranodal más común de los linfomas. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente varón sexagenario natural de Chiclayo que se realiza una endoscopía particular por síntomas inespecíficos de dispepsia y sólo se informa gastritis eritematosa y al ser admitido en nuestra institución se le diagnostica por endoscopía, marcadores bioquímicos y anatomopatología como un linfoma gástrico no Hodgkin perforado

Lymphomas are solid tumors of the lymphatic system and these are divided into Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin tumors may originate from non-nodal tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract and they are considered primary when extranodal involvement is equal to or greater than 75% according to the nodal involvement. Extranodal gastrointestinal lymphomas represent 1% to 4% of tumors of the digestive tract, and 10 to 15% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The stomach is the most common extranodal lymphomas site. We present the clinical case of a sexagenarian male natural of Chiclayo who had an upper GI endoscopy for non-specific symptoms of dyspepsia that only reports gastritis and when admitted to our institution is diagnosed by endoscopy, biochemical markers and pathology as a perforated gastric non-Hodgkin lynphoma

Intususcepción gastroduodenal como presentación de un tumor del estroma gastrointestinal gástrico / Gastroduodenal intussusception as a presentation of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Objetivo Presentar un caso de GIST con presentación clínica poco usual. Caso clínico Presentamos una paciente de género femenino, de 70 años, con 5 días de dolor en hemiabdomen superior y vómitos; se le diagnóstica por TC de abdomen y pelvis con contraste una intususcepción gastroduodenal. Se ingresa a pabellón; confirmando diagnóstico, se realiza gastrectomía subtotal más Y de Roux. La biopsia diferida con inmunohistoquímica confirma un GIST gástrico con 2 mitosis cada 50 campos. Se decide manejo conservador y control anual con endoscopia digestiva alta. Buena evolución.

Aim To present a case of GIST with unusual clinical presentation. Case report We present a 70-year old female patient with 5 days of upper abdominal pain and vomiting, being diagnosed with a gastroduodenal intussusceptions by contrasted CT scan. She was admitted to the operating room, confirming the diagnosis and a subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction was performed. A deferred biopsy with immunohistochemical confirmed GIST with 2 mitoses/50 high-powerfields. Conservative management was proposed and annual control with upper endoscopy decided. Satisfactory evolution.

Gastric polyposis associated with portal hypertension

No abstract available.

[ case report of gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastric lipoma]

Benign Gastric tumors are rare and generally account for less than 10% of all stomach tumors. Gastric lipoma is a rare tumor that constitutes approximately 3% of all benign tumors of the stomach and mainly is seen as a submucosal mass. Most gastric lipoma are asymptomatic and are found accidentally. Occasionally they can cause symptoms such as gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction, abdominal pain and intussuception. CT scan and endoscopy are helpful in diagnosis. The main modality of treatment is surgery. Diagnosis is confirmed by histology. In this article, a patient with weakness, fatigue, and melena complaints is presented. On gastric endoscopy a yellowish submucosal mass was seen in antrum. Abdominal CT scan disclosed a mass with fat density resembling lipoma. The patient underwent surgery and diagnosis of lipoma was confirmed by histology. Although gastric lipoma is rare, it should be considered in the assessment and differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic submucosal masses in the stomach

Jejunogastric intussusception--a rare cause of recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding: case report and review of literature.

Jejunogastric intussusception is a known complication following gastrojejunostomy. However, only occasionally have they presented with haematemesis and we are unaware of any case where it led to recurrent haematemesis. We describe a case where the patient developed recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to recurrent episodes of jejunogastric intussusception following gastrojejunostomy performed 12 years earlier for duodenal ulcer disease.

Primary gastric lymphoma and Helicobacter pylori infection with gastric amyloidosis.

Primary gastric lymphoma, an uncommon gastric tumor caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori, is rarely associated with gastric amyloidosis. Chronic bacterial infection is known to cause amyloidosis. We report a 53-year-old man who had an antral and duodenal mass with narrowing and ulceration on endoscopy and CT scan; endoscopic biopsy revealed gastric amyloidosis. Rapid urease test and serology for H. pylori were positive. Histology of resected specimen of distal stomach revealed primary gastric lymphoma, amyloid deposits and spiral organisms suggestive of H. pylori. Rectal biopsy was negative for amyloid. He remained well on follow-up after surgery and eradication of H. pylori.

Esophago-gastric dissociation complicating devascularization procedure for portal hypertension.

Devascularization surgery for portal hypertension, indicated in selected patients, is considered safe. A 15-year-old boy with cirrhosis underwent elective modified Sugiura's devascularization procedure for secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. He developed esophago-gastric dissociation, which was successfully managed with emergency feeding jejunostomy and restoration of gut continuity three months later.

Acute gastric perforation in neonatal period

Gastric perforation is a rare abdominal catastrophe with a high mortality, usually occurring in neonatal intensive care unit setting [1]. We report a premature neonate with extensive gastric perforation located in the greater curvature. As a result of necrosis in the rims of rupture, significant gastric resection was performed

Diabetes mellitus: aspectos gerais e neuropatia diabética / Diabetes mellitus: general aspects and diabetic neuropathy

O diabetes mellitus é uma condiçäo patológica caracterizada basicamente por apresentar várias complicaçöes decorrentes de uma disfunçäo branda ou grave do pâncreas, em que este pode sofrer desde um simples mal funcionamento até a perda total de sua capacidade de produçäo de insulina. A ausência de insulina produz alteraçöes no metabolismo dos carboidratos, lipídeos e proteínas. Devido a elevada incidência de pessoas acometidas por diabetes mellitus e o grande grau de acometimento que esta pode ocasionar no organismo, a cada ano surgem várias pesquisas que buscam um maior esclarecimento sobre esta patologia. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisäo da literatura onde foram abordados aspectos relacionados com as possíveis causas da origem do diabetes mellitus, assim como a fisiopatologia, tipos de diabetes e neuropatia diabética e dentre esta foi enfocada a neuropatia autonômica; como a neuropatia autonômica possui uma larga abrangência, nos detivemos aos distúrbios gastrointestinais.

Gastropatia por aines en pediatría: reporte de un caso

Reportamos el caso de un paciente de 16 meses con uso reiterado de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINES), hemorragia de vías digestivas (HVD), anemia severa secundaria (hemoglobina 4.7g/del), úlcera prepilórica con vaso visible sangrante en sábana (Forrest lb, recidiva 50 por ciento), que requirió escleroterapia endoscópica de urgencia para detener la hemorragia. La presentación del caso busca alertar al personal médico pediátrico de los efectos y las complicaciones por el uso indiscriminado de AINES

Portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric varices before esophageal variceal sclerotherapy and after obliteration.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency and clinical importance of portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and gastric varices (GV) before endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) and after esophageal variceal obliteration. METHODS: Patients with portal hypertension (PHT) with variceal bleed were prospectively evaluated for PHG and GV before EST with intravariceal injection of absolute alcohol and after esophageal variceal obliteration. Gastric varices and PHG were characterized and graded according to previously established criteria. Patients were followed up for 12-48 (mean 37) months after variceal obliteration. RESULTS: Of 70 patients with PHT 26 had PHG before (severe in two) [18/37 in cirrhosis, 6/20 in non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF), and 2/13 in extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO)] and 50 had PHG after variceal obliteration (severe in 22) (27/37 in cirrhosis, p = 0.03 before versus after esophageal variceal obliteration; 16/20 in NCPF, p < 0.01; and 7/13 in EHPVO, p = ns). Type I GV (continuation of esophageal varix into the stomach) was found in 25/70 before and 5/70 after esophageal variceal obliteration (p < 0.001); in contrast, other types of GV were seen in 14/70 before and 29/70 after (p < 0.01). Overt bleeding from GV and PHG during follow-up after variceal obliteration occurred in 6 and 4 patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal variceal obliteration by EST increases the frequency of PHG and GV (except type I GV which get obliterated); both PHG and GV have potential to cause rebleeding.

Gastrojejunocolic fistula following surgery for peptic ulcer.

This article aims to emphasize that gastrojejunocolic fistula following peptic ulcer surgery, though uncommon in the post vagotomy era, still continues to occur. We stress the changing trends in its epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis and treatment. The case records of 12 patients with gastrojejunocolic fistula (seen over a 15 year period) were reviewed. Details regarding clinical presentation, investigations and treatment were analyzed and the results compared with previous published series. All the 12 patients in this study had a short loop posterior retrocolic gastrojejunostomy as part of the primary peptic ulcer surgery. Diarrhoea and profound weight loss was present in all of them. Incompleteness of vagotomy was proved in all the six patients investigated for the same. The fistula was demonstrated in all of them on barium enema, while it was seen on upper GI endoscopy in 4. Eight patients were treated by a one stage resection and repair of fistula. A three stage procedure was performed in two.