Sepsis neonatal: epidemiología / Neonatal sepsis: epidemiology

Objetivo: Evaluar la epidemiología de la sepsis neonatal en los recién nacidos atendidos en emergencia pediátrica del HUC del 1 de enero 2017 al 31 de diciembre del 2017. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, que incluyó a los recién nacidos con diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal. Se recolectaron datos como edad, sexo, lugar de nacimiento, lugar de procedencia, factores de riesgos, manifestaciones clínicas. Resultados: se incluyeron 14 pacientes con diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal. Grupo de edad más afectado: 15-21 días 50% (n=7), género más afectado: masculino 71,42% (n=10), lugar de nacimientos más frecuente Distrito Capital 57,15% (n=8), lugar de procedencia más frecuente estado Miranda 71,43% (n=10), Según tiempo de evolución, la más frecuente fue sepsis neonatal tardía 92,86% (n=13), los principales factores de riesgos identificados fueron: infección materna en el 3er trimestre 36,35% (n=8), prematuridad 29,42% (n=5), bajo peso al nacer 23,54% (n=4), procedimientos invasivos 37,50% (n=3), las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron: fiebre, ictericia, palidez o aspecto séptico 7,89% (n=6), la incidencia de sepsis neonatal en el estudio fue 3.92 por 1000 nacidos vivos y 2,6% de casos atendidos con sepsis neonatal. Conclusión: epidemiológicamente la sepsis neonatal, es más frecuente en el grupo de edad de 15-21 días, sexo masculino, lugar de nacimiento Distrito Capital, procedencia estado Miranda, factores de riesgo más frecuentes infección materna en el 3er trimestre, prematuridad, bajo peso al nacer, procedimientos invasivos. Manifestaciones clínicas más frecuente fiebre, ictericia, palidez o aspecto séptico, incidencia de 3.92 por 1000 nacidos vivos y 2,6% de casos atendidos con sepsis neonatal(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the epidemiology of neonatal sepsis in newborns attended in pediatric emergency of the HUC from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. Methods: a prospective, descriptive study that included newborns with a diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Data were collected as age, sex, place of birth, place of origin, risk factors, clinical manifestations. Results: 14 patients with diagnosis of neonatal sepsis were included. Most affected age group: 15-21 days 50% (n = 7), most affected gender: male 71.42% (n = 10), most frequent place of births Capital District 57.15% (n = 8), Most frequent place of origin Miranda state 71.43% (n = 10), According to time of evolution, the most frequent was late neonatal sepsis 92.86% (n = 13), the main risk factors identified were: maternal infection in 3rd trimester 36.35% (n = 8), prematurity 29.42% (n = 5), low birth weight 23.54% (n = 4), invasive procedures 37.50% (n = 3), the most frequent clinical manifestations were: fever, jaundice, pallor or septic appearance 7.89% (n = 6), the incidence of neonatal sepsis in the study was 3.92 per 1000 live births and 2.6% of cases attended with neonatal sepsis. Conclusion: neonatal sepsis is epidemiologically more frequent in the age group of 15-21 days, male sex, place of birth, Capital District, Miranda state origin, most frequent risk factors maternal infection in the 3rd trimester, prematurity, low weight at birth, invasive procedures. Clinical manifestations more frequent fever, jaundice, pallor or septic appearance, incidence of 3.92 per 1000 live births and 2.6% of cases treated with neonatal sepsis(AU)

Exposure to potentially inappropriate medications in Brazilian elderly outpatients with metabolic diseases

ABSTRACT Management of pharmacotherapy in elderly with metabolic diseases is challenging and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are risk factors for drug interactions and adverse events. The exposure to PIMs in elderly outpatients with metabolic diseases and its relationship with polypharmacy and other variables was investigated. PIMs prescribed to 207 elderly patients (aged 60 to 96 years) with metabolic diseases who attended a University Hospital of Sao Paulo city, Brazil, from April/2010 to January/2011, were evaluated. PIMs were detected using both 2003 Beers and 2008 STOPP criteria. The association between PIMs and age, gender and polypharmacy was also examined. 2008 STOPP criteria detected more PIMs (44.4 %) than 2003 Beers criteria (16.0%, p<0.001). Beers detected mainly PIMs antihypertensive (clonidine, 20.0%; doxazosin, 10.0%) and antidepressant (fluoxetine, 15.0%; amitriptyline, 10.0%) PIMs. Medicines used for cardiovascular (aspirin, 53.7%) and endocrine system (glibenclamide, 21.3%) were PIMs more frequently detected by 2008 STOPP. Unlike age and gender, polypharmacy increased the risk of PIMs by both 2003 Beers (OR: 4.0, CI95%: 1.2-13.8, p<0.031) and 2008 STOPP (OR: 6.8, CI95%: 3.0-15.3, p<0.001). Beers and STOPP criteria are important tools to evaluate the exposure to PIMs, which is strongly associated with polypharmacy in elderly outpatients with metabolic diseases.

The psychiatric side-effects of rimonabant / Os efeitos-colaterais psiquiátricos do rimonabanto

OBJECTIVE: Experimental evidence has suggested that drugs that enhance cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptor activity may induce anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, whilst the opposite has been reported with antagonists. Thus, the objective of the present review is to discuss the potential psychiatric side-effects of CB1 receptor antagonists, such as rimonabant, which has been recently marketed in several countries for the treatment of smoking cessation, obesity and associated metabolic disorders. METHOD: Literature searches were performed in PubMed and SciELO databases up to February 2009. The terms searched were "obesity", "rimonabant", "cannabinoids", "unwanted effects", "diabetes", "smoking cessation" and "side-effects". RESULTS: Clinical trials have revealed that rimonabant may promote weight loss in obese patients, although it may also induce symptoms of anxiety and depression. DISCUSSION: Patients taking CB1 receptor antagonists should be carefully investigated for psychiatric side-effects. These drugs should not be prescribed for those already suffering from mental disorders. Nevertheless, the development of new compounds targeting the endocannabinoid system for the treatment of several conditions would be necessary and opportune.

OBJETIVO: Evidência experimental sugere que drogas que aumentam a atividade dos receptores canabinóides tipo 1 (CB1) podem induzir efeitos ansiolíticos ou antidepressivos, enquanto que o oposto tem sido relatado com antagonistas. Assim, o objetivo da presente revisão é discutir os potenciais efeitos-colaterais psiquiátricos de antagonistas do receptor CB1, como o rimonabanto, que foi recentemente liberado para comercialização em diversos países para o tratamento do tabagismo, obesidade e de desordens metabólicas associadas. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma busca na literatura no PubMed e Scielo até fevereiro de 2009, com os termos "obesity", "rimonabant", "cannabinoids", "unwanted effects", "diabetes" , "smoking cessation" e "side effects". RESULTADOS: Ensaios clínicos revelaram que o rimonabanto pode produzir perda de peso em pacientes obesos, embora também possa induzir sintomas de ansiedade e depressão. DISCUSSÃO: Pacientes tomando antagonistas do receptor CB1 devem ser cuidadosamente examinados quanto aos efeitos-colaterais psiquiátricos. Estas drogas não devem ser prescritas a indivíduos que já sofrem de transtornos mentais. Entretanto, o desenvolvimento de novos compostos que atuem no sistema endocanabinóide para o tratamento das mais diversas condições parece necessário e oportuno.

Enfermedades metabólicas en el recién nacido / Metabolic diseases in the newborn

Se revisan las enfermedades metabólicas que pueden manifestarse en el período neonatal, destacando los elementos clínicos y de laboratorio que el pediatra general debe considerar para aproximarse al diagnóstico y ofrecer el manejo inicial apropiado de estos pacientes. La evaluación de los gases en sangre, el hiato aniónico, el ácido láctico en el suero, la amenomia y la glicemia debe hacerse cuidadosamente para un diagnóstico diferencial apropiado. El tratamiento incial incluye, además del manejo general correspondiente a cualquier recién nacido enfermo, el control de la hipoglicemia, la acidosis y los trastornos del metabolismo del agua y los electrolitos, la restricción de las proteínas, el aporte energético necesario, la suplementación de cofactores metabólicos considerados específicos y la solicitud oportuna de apoyo especializado

Alteraçoes oteneurológicas em deficiência sistêmica de carnitina: relato de um caso / Otoneurologic alteration in carnitine deficiency: report of case

Mitochondrial disorders can be caused by carnitine deficiency. Carnitine is a cofactor in the transport of long-chain free fatty acids into mitochondria, weher they will be metabolized in order to produce energy for the cell. Patients with carnitine deficiency generally present episodes of intensive vomiting, progressive musuclar weaknes, encephalopathy and metabolic acidosis. We report a case of a 5-year-old patient, female, whose twin sister died or recurrent episodes of intense vomiting. The patient presented intense vomiting, loss of balance, dehydratation and progressive muscular weakness. Seh also presented vertigo (irritative vestibular syndrome) and a moderate sensorineural hearing loss with a good vocal discrination. In the inner ear, the stria vascularis is a highly vasculari structure with a great mitochondrial concentration, and it is necessary to keep a high level of potassium in the endolymph. When there is not a sufficient supply of glucose, the fatty acid are used in order to produce energy. This is how patients with carnitine deficiency can eventually present labyrinthine disorders