Estado inmunonutricional de adultos celíacoss atendidos en el Instituto de Gastroenterología, 2016-2017 / Immune-nutritional status of celiac adults treated at the Institute of Gastroenterology, 2016-2017

Introducción: La enfermedad celíaca es uno de los trastornos crónicos más comunes que afecta a los habitantes de todo el mundo. Con la ruptura del equilibrio inmunonutricional se compromete la evolución clínica de estos pacientes. Objetivo: Caracterizar el estado inmunonutricional de adultos celíacos atendidos en el Instituto de Gastroenterología. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en 43 adultos celíacos atendidos en el Instituto de Gastroenterología de La Habana, en el período comprendido entre marzo de 2016 y marzo 2017. A todos, previo consentimiento informado, se les realizó mensuraciones antropométricas, encuesta dietética, hemograma completo, dosificación de inmunoglobulinas totales y estudios bioquímicos. Resultados: El 53,5 por ciento de los pacientes tuvo algún trastorno de malnutrición por exceso o por defecto. El 44 por ciento presentó anemia y 14 por ciento hipercolesterolemia. En 9,3% se observó hipogammaglobulinemia para IgM, en 4,7 por ciento, paraIgG y también en 4,7 por ciento, para IgA. El antecedente patológico personal más frecuente fue el de giardiasis con 16,3 por ciento. Ningún paciente refirió la ingesta de mariscos ni cereales con gluten, 9 fueron positivos a antitransglutaminasa tisular, lo que indica mal control dietético, de ellos 88,8 por ciento de los casos se detectaron en los grupos con índice de masa corporal por debajo del peso adecuado. Conclusiones: El estado inmunonutricional inadecuado es frecuente en los adultos celíacos atendidos en el Instituto de Gastroenterología. La no adherencia a la dieta libre de gluten y la elevada frecuencia de malnutrición(AU)

Introduction: Celiac disease is one of the most common chronic disorders that affects people all over the world. The clinical evolution of these patients is compromised with the breakdown of the immune-nutritional balance. Objective: To characterize the immune-nutritional status of celiac adults treated at the Institute of Gastroenterology. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted in 43 celiac adults treated at the Institute of Gastroenterology of Havana, in the period between March 2016-March 2017. With prior informed consent, all of them were given anthropometric measurements, dietetic survey, complete blood count, total doses of immunoglobulin, and biochemical studies. Results: The 53,5 percent of patients had some malnutrition disorders due to excess or defect. The 44 percent presented anemia, and the 14 percent presented hypercholesterolemia. IgM Hypogammaglobulinemia was observed in 9,3 percent; IgG and IgA Hypogammaglobulinemia were also observed in a 4,7 percent as well as 4,7 percent respectively. The most frequent personal pathological antecedent was that of giardiasis with 16,3 percent. No patient reported the intake of shellfish or cereals containing gluten, 9 were positive to tissue anti-transglutaminase, indicating poor dietary control, of which 88,8 percent of cases were detected in groups with a body mass index below the appropriate weight. Conclusions: Inadequate immuno-nutritional status is frequent in celiac adults treated in the Institute of Gastroenterology. Non-adherence to a gluten-fre(AU)

Lymphocyte count as a sign of immunoparalysis and its correlation with nutritional status in pediatric intensive care patients with sepsis: A pilot study

OBJECTIVES: Developing malnutrition during hospitalization is well recognized worldwide, and children are at a relatively higher risk for malnutrition than adults. Malnutrition can lead to immune dysfunction, which is associated with a higher mortality rate due to sepsis, the most frequent cause of death in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether malnourished patients are more likely to have relative or absolute lymphopenia and, consequently, worse prognoses. METHODS: We enrolled 14 consecutive patients with sepsis whose legal representatives provided written informed consent. Patients were classified as normal or malnourished based on anthropometric measurements. As an additional evaluation of nutritional status, serum albumin and zinc were measured on the 1st and 7th days of hospitalization. Lymphocyte count was also measured on the 1st and 7th days. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02698683. RESULTS: Malnutrition prevalence rates were 33.3% and 42.8% based on weight and height, respectively. Laboratory analyses revealed a reduction of serum albumin in 100% of patients and reduction of zinc in 93.3% of patients. A total of 35% of patients had fewer than 500 lymphocytes/mm3 on their first day in the PICU. Lymphocyte counts and zinc concentrations significantly increased during hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional evaluations, including anthropometric measurements, were not correlated with lymphocyte counts. Lymphocyte counts concomitantly increased with zinc levels, suggesting that micronutrient supplementation benefits patients with sepsis.

The association of markers of oxidative-inflammatory status with malnutrition in hemodialysis patients with serum ferritin lower than 500 ng/mL / Associação dos marcadores do estado oxidativo e inflamatório com a desnutrição em pacientes hemodialisados com ferritina menor do que 500 ng/mL

INTRODUCTION: Enhanced inflammatory-oxidative status is well established in chronic kidney disease. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the oxidative- inflammatory status and iron indices in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) with serum ferritin lower than 500ng/mL, and to correlate them with nutritional status. METHOD: In a cross-sectional survey 35 HD patients (23 with normal nutritional status, 12 with Protein-Energy-Wasting syndrome, PEW), and healthy volunteers (n = 35) were studied. Serum concentration of iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), high-sensitive serum C -reactive protein (hs-CRP) and blood counts were determined. The nutritional status was determined by anthropometric and biochemical criteria. RESULTS: HD patients showed low values of hemoglobin and higher values of ferritin, MDA and PC when compared with healthy volunteers. HD subjects with PEW had higher values of PC and hs-PCR as compared to HD patients with normal nutritional status. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the independent variables PC (Wald Statistic 4.25, p = 0.039) and hs-CRP (Wald Statistic 4.83, p = 0.028) where related with the patients' nutritional condition. CONCLUSION: In HD patients with serum ferritin below 500 ng/mL was observed one association of the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation with poor nutritional status independently of serum ferritin, gender and age.

INTRODUÇÃO: Na doença renal crônica, a presença de um estado inflamatório-oxidativo aumentado está bem estabelecida. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o estado oxidativo e inflamatório e o perfil do ferro em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise crônica de manutenção, com ferritina menor do que 500 ng/mL, e correlacioná-los com o estado nutricional. MÉTODO: Em estudo transversal, em 35 pacientes sob hemodiálise (23 com estado nutricional normal, 12 com desnutrição energético-proteica (DEP) e 35 voluntários sadios foram determinados os índices hematimétricos e as concentrações séricas do ferro, da ferritina e avaliada a saturação de transferrina. O estado oxidativo foi determinado por meio das concentrações séricas do malondialdeído (MDA) e da proteína carbonil (PC). Nos indivíduos sob hemodiálise o estado inflamatório foi avaliado por meio da proteína C reativa ultrassensível determinada no soro (hs-PCR). O estado nutricional foi determinado por critérios antropométricos e bioquímicos. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes da hemodiálise mostraram anemia e um estado oxidativo mais elevado do que os voluntários sadios. Os pacientes hemodialisados com DPE mostraram ferritina e um estado inflamatório-oxidativo mais elevado se comparados aos com boa condição nutricional. Em análise de regressão logística múltipla, os níveis séricos de PC e hs-CRP foram correlacionados com o estado nutricional. PC (Estatística Wald 4.25, p = 0,039), CRP (Estatística Wald 4.83, p = 0,028). CONCLUSÃO: Em indivíduos submetidos à hemodiálise, com ferritina menor do que 500 ng/mL. Observou-se uma associação entre os marcadores de estresse oxidativo e inflamatório com o estado nutricional, independentemente da idade, gênero e dos índices do ferro.

Malnutrición en niños colombianos con infección por VIH/SIDA / Malnutrition in Colombian children with HIV/AIDS infection

Introducción: La desnutrición (DNT) es una de las complicaciones más tempranas que se presenta en niños con infección por VIH/SIDA, asociada a su morbimortalidad. Igualmente como consecuencia de la terapia antriretroviral y otros medicamentos utilizados, se han encontrado problemas de resistencia a la insulina y obesidad. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de malnutrición (MNT) en niños con infección por VIH/SIDA por carga viral de la Clínica de VIH/SIDA del Hospital Universitario del Valle de Cali, Colombia (HUV) y su posible asociación con algunos factores de riesgo. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, observacional de corte transversal, con análisis de casos y controles, a quienes se les tomaron datos como carga viral, %CD4, peso y talla. Se categorizó la carga viral (copias/ml) en: <400, ≥400-<300000, ≥30000-<1 millón y ≥1 millón; y el %CD4 en: <15%, ≥15%-<25% y ≥25%. Se consideró DNT global (déficit P/E≥10%), DNT crónica (déficit T/E≥5%), DNT aguda (déficit P/T≥10%) y sobrepeso (exceso P/T≥10%). Resultados: Fueron incluidos 111 niños entre 0 meses y 15 años de edad, con predominio del género masculino (51,3%), con modo de transmisión vertical en 91,8%. El 58.5% tenían entre ≥400-<300000 copias/ml de carga viral; y el 59% presentaron %CD4 ≥25%. La valoración nutricional evidenció DNT global en 64%, DNT aguda en 58%, DNT crónica en 22% y sobrepeso en 18%. Hubo riesgo de 1.7, 1.5 y 2.0 veces más de presentar DNT global, aguda y crónica, respectivamente, si la carga viral era ≥400 copias/ml. Conclusión: En niños con infección por VIH/SIDA por carga viral de la Clínica Pediátrica de VIH/SIDA del HUV de Cali, Colombia, la prevalencia de MNT fue superior al 18%, con una relación positiva superior a 1.5 veces entre carga viral y los diferentes tipos de DNT.

Introduction: Undernutrition (UNT) is a complication that occurs earlier in children with HIV/AIDS associated morbidity and mortality. Also as a result of anti-retroviral therapies and other drugs used, have encountered problems of insulin resistance and obesity. Objective: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition (MNT) in children diagnosed with HIV/AIDS by viral load in the Pediatric Clinic HIV/AIDS at the Hospital Universitario del Valle in Cali, Colombia (HUV) and its possible association with certain risk factors. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study, with case-control analysis, whose data were taken as viral load, CD4%, weight and height. Were categorized viral load (copies / ml): <400, ≥ 400 - <300000, ≥ 30000 - <1 million and ≥ 1 million, and the %CD4 <15%, ≥ 15% - <25% ≥ 25%. UNT is considered global (low W/A≥10%), chronic (low H/A≥5%), acute (low W/H≥10%) and overweight (excess W/H≥10%). Results: We included 111 children from 0 months to 15 years old with male predominance (51.3%), mode of transmission in 91.8%. 58.5% were aged ≥ 400 - <300,000 copies/ml viral load, and 59% had CD4% ≥25%. Nutritional assessment showed 64% global UNT, 58% acute UNT, 22% chronic UNT and 18% overweight. Risk was 1.7, 1.5 and 2.0 times the present global, acute and chronic UNT, respectively, if the viral load was ≥ 400 copies / ml. Conclusion: In children diagnosed with HIV/AIDS by viral load of Pediatric Clinic HIV/AIDS at the HUV in Cali, Colombia, the prevalence of MNT was higher than 18%, with a positive relationship more than 1.5 times between viral load and the different types of UNT.

Effects of fetal programming in the inflammatory response in wistar rats: a systematic review / Efectos de la programación fetal en la respuesta inflamatoria en ratas wistar: una revisión sistemática

The aim of this study was to review the literature on the effects of fetal programming in the inflammatory response in Wistar rats. A search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, SCOPUS, LILACS, SpringerLink. The main search terms were malnutrition and inflammation in Portuguese and in English. Original articles were included involving albino rats and review articles were excluded involving humans or animals other than rats. Articles that were related to malnutrition which was not intrauterine and did not involve the concept of fetal programming were also excluded. Those items found in more than one database were counted only once. Sixteen articles were found in PUBMED, 16 in SCOPUS, 4 in MEDLINE, 341 in SCIENCE DIRECT, 8 in SciELO, 1 in LILACS and 77 in SPRINGERLINK totalling 463 articles from which 4 were selected for analysis after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fetal programming seems to interfere with the inflammatory response in the adult offspring of Wistar rats, but its mechanisms remain uncertain.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar la literatura sobre los efectos de la programación fetal en la respuesta inflamatoria en ratas Wistar. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos: PubMed, MEDLINE, PUBMED, Science Direct, SCOPUS, LILACS, SpringerLink. Los términos principales de la búsqueda fueron la malnutrición y la inflamación y se buscaron en portugués e inglés. Se incluyeron artículos originales de ratas albinas y se excluyeron los artículos de revisión, las relacionadas con los seres humanos o animales, y de ratas en los artículos relacionados a la desnutrición, que no era el intrauterina y que no se referían al concepto de la programación fetal. Los artículos encontrados en más de una base de datos se contaron una sola vez. Encontramos 16 artículos en PUBMED, 16 en SCOPUS, 4 en MEDLINE, 341 en Science Direct, 8 SciELO, LILACS y 1 de cada 77 en SpringerLink, dando un total de 463 artículos. Después de la aplicación de la inclusión y exclusión de criterios fueron seleccionados 4 artículos para el análisis. La programación fetal parece interferir con la respuesta inflamatoria en los descendientes adultos de ratas Wistar, pero sus mecanismos siguen siendo inciertos.

Manson's schistosomiasis in the undernourished mouse: some recent findings

This paper deals with current knowledge of the interrelationships between Schistosoma infection and malnutrition. It emphasizes the relevance of these investigations in the face of dynamic and evolving changes occurring in population diets and changes in the epidemiological patterns of schistosomiasis in endemic countries. The paper further discusses the basis for continuing the studies on this subject and the reasons why it represents a misunderstood association. This review also focuses on the cellular and humoral immune responses in the undernourished mouse model infected with Schistosoma mansoni, with updated information on the immune response in wild-type and iNOS knockout mice concerning soluble egg antigen specific antibodies and kinetics of IFN-ã, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 cytokines, in the chronic phase of Manson's schistosomiasis. There is indication that schistosome-infected undernourished mice are able to develop a humoral immune response, but antibody titres are much lower than in the control animals. Cytokine production (IFN-ã, IL-4, IL-10) is lower in the undernourished mice, but as infection progresses to the chronic phase its kinetics run an antagonistic course when compared to that of well-nourished animals. Marked variation in the secretion of IL-13 (a fibrogenic cytokine) could explain why undernourished mice do not develop liver "pipe-stem" fibrosis described in previous papers on well-nourished animals.

CD95 expression in white blood cells of malnourished infants during hospitalization and catch-up growth

Malnutrition continues to be a major health burden in developing countries. Flow cytometric estimation of the apoptotic marker CD95 in peripheral neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes was done for 18 infants with non-oedematous protein energy malnutrition [PEM] and 12 oedematous ones, on hospital admission and after supervised nutritional rehabilitation, and compared with 12 matched controls. CD95 counts in the 3 types of white blood cells were significantly higher in PEM infants and showed improvement after nutritional rehabilitation yet not reaching the control values. Enhanced apoptosis in the leukocytes of peripheral blood of PEM patients may be a marker of increased infection and immune disturbances. This derangement reverses upon proper nutritional rehabilitation

Placental transfer of Haemophilus influenzae type b antibodies in malnourished pregnant women

This study evaluated the vaccination response to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in malnourished pregnant women (MN), cord blood (CB) and in infants at two and six months of age for comparison with a control group (C). Twenty-eight malnourished pregnant women and 29 pregnant controls were immunized with conjugated Act-HIB® in the third trimester of pregnancy. Blood samples were collected from all before the immunization, during labor (post immunization), and from CB. All infants were immunized with Hib vaccine according to normal vaccine schedule and sera were collected at two and six months of age. Antibody levels to polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) were similar for both groups. Preimmunization: MN 1.94 µg/mL, C 1.68 µg/mL; post-vaccination: MN 18.53 µg/mL and C 17.55 µg/mL; in CB from MN 14.46 µg/mL and from C 17.04 µg/mL. Infants from MN and C mothers presented respectively at two months: 5.18 µg/mL and 8.60 µg/mL and at six months: MN 3.42 µg/mL and C 2.18 µg/mL. Antibody levels were similar in both groups studied (p = 0.485), however the vertical transmission rate was 14 percent lower in the MN pregnant group. Levels of antibodies > 0.15 µg/mL were found in all newborns from the MN pregnant group. Pregnant MN presented an immunological response to Hib vaccine similar to group C, however, vertical transmission rate of antibodies to PRP in the MN pregnant group was 14 percent lower than that in C, suggesting a less efficient passage of antibodies within this group.

T-lymphocyte subsets and thymic size in malnourished infants in Egypt: a hospital-based study

Thymus size was assessed ultrasonographically and correlated to the percentage of CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood in 32 infants with protein-energy malnutrition [PEM] and compared with 14 healthy control infants. The study revealed thymus atrophy in patients with PEM, especially the oedematous type, accompanied by changes in the peripheral lymphocyte subsets. These changes were reversible after nutritional rehabilitation. However, they may affect the immune status of PEM patients and may require a longer duration of nutrition rehabilitation than required for recovery of anthropometric measures. We recommend proper assessment of the immune functions of PEM patients during nutritional rehabilitation until full recovery

Preliminary results on interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 cytokine production in malnourished, inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice with schistosomiasis mansoni infection

Schistosoma mansoni infected C57Bl/6 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-deficient and non-deficient malnourished mice, both fed a balanced controlled diet were studied. Interleukins, IL-4 and IL-10 responses to soluble egg antigens (SEA) 90 days after infection, were determined. Our results suggest that in iNOS deficient, malnourished mice, 90 days after of infection, nitric oxide has a downregulating effect on IL-4 and IL-10 production. We are currently investigating the biological significance of these findings.

Intestinal parasitic infections including cryptosporidiosos and immunological aspects among malnourished children

This is a case control study which involved 194 malnourished children below 5 years of age who were attending Basrah Maternity and Children Hospital during 2001 About 84% have marasmus, 8.24% marasmun kwashiorkor 6.18% kwashiorkor and 1.55% under weight Parasitic infections were more frequent among malnourished children [59.8%] than wellnourished children [33%] with increased frequency among malnourished children with diarrhea [32.5%] Cryptosporidiosis was found in 6.85% of children below 5 years with increased frequency among malnourished children with diarrhea 14.89% compared to 11% in malnourished children without diarrhea Only 2% were noticed among wellnourished children with diarrhea while no case has been recorded in wellnourished children without diarrhea. Depressed cellular immunity characterized by decrease in total lymphocytes [particularly T-lymphocytes] was found among malnourished children either with or without diarrhea While humoral immunity [IgG, IgM, IgA] was significantly elevated among malnourished children with or without diarrhea in comparison to wellnourished children. C3 and C4 were increased in malnourished children without diarrhea with significant difference in C4 only. While they were decreased in malnourished children with diarrhea, with significant difference in C3. In addition, Phagocytic activity showed a significant decrease in malnourished children with or without diarrhea compared to wellnourished children