Histophilus somni-associated syndromes in sheep from Southern Brazil

Abstract Histophilus somni is a Gram-negative bacterium that is associated with a disease complex (termed histophilosis) that can produce several clinical syndromes predominantly in cattle, but also in sheep. Histophilosis is well described in North America, Canada, and in some European countries. In Brazil, histophilosis has been described in cattle with respiratory, reproductive, and systemic disease, with only one case described in sheep. This report describes the occurrence of Histophilus somni-associated disease in sheep from Southern Brazil. Eight sheep with different clinical manifestations from five farms were investigated by a combination of pathological and molecular diagnostic methods to identify additional cases of histophilosis in sheep from Brazil. The principal pathological lesions were thrombotic meningoencephalitis, fibrinous bronchopneumonia, pulmonary abscesses, and necrotizing myocarditis. The main clinical syndromes associated with H. somni were thrombotic meningoencephalitis (n = 4), septicemia (n = 4), bronchopneumonia (n = 4), and myocarditis (n = 3). H. somni DNA was amplified from multiple tissues of all sheep with clinical syndromes of histophilosis; sequencing confirmed the PCR results. Further, PCR assays to detect Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica were negative. These findings confirmed the participation of H. somni in the clinical syndromes investigated during this study, and adds to the previous report of histophilosis in sheep from Brazil.

Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae on the dorsum of the human tongue

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to correlate the presence of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Moraxellaceae and Xanthomonadaceae on the posterior dorsum of the human tongue with the presence of tongue coating, gender, age, smoking habit and denture use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bacteria were isolated from the posterior tongue dorsum of 100 individuals in MacConkey agar medium and were identified by the API 20E system (Biolab-Mérieux). RESULTS: 43 percent of the individuals, presented the target microorganisms on the tongue dorsum, with greater prevalence among individuals between 40 and 50 years of age (p = 0.001) and non-smokers (p=0.0485). CONCLUSIONS: A higher prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae was observed on the tongue dorsum of the individuals evaluated. There was no correlation between these species and the presence and thickness of tongue coating, gender and presence of dentures.

Mannheimiose pulmonar experimental em bezerros: swab nasal e nasofaringeano como auxílio diagnóstico: [revisão] / Experimental pneumonic mannheimiosis in calves: nasal and nasopharingeal swabs for diagnostic: [revision]

Um modelo experimental de mannheimiosepneumônica bovina (MPB) foi utilizado com o objetivo de avaliar as espécies bacterianas das cavidades nasais e nasofaringeanas em diferentes momentos do curso da doença, bem como verificar a eficiência diagnóstica do exame microbiológico dos swabs nasais (SN) e nasofaringeanos (SNF). Um total de 28 bezerros foi distribuído aleatoriamente em quatro grupos experimentais (G1 a G4). SN e SNF foram colhidos sete dias antes e 12 (G1), 24 (G2), 48 (G3) e 72 (G4) horas após a inoculação intrabronquial de Mannheimia haemolytica. Após a indução da MPB, a bactéria M. haemolytica biotipo A foi predominante nos SN e SNF, sendo isolada em todos os momentos avaliados, com exceção de um SN colhido 24 horas após a indução da infecção. Não houve diferença significativa nas taxas de isolamento de Pasteurella multocida nos SN ou SNF, colhidos antes e após a indução da MPB. Contudo, esta bactéria passou a ser isolada mais freqüentemente após a indução da MPB, principalmente no SNF. Portanto, pode-se concluir que o exame microbiológico de SN e SNF é um teste auxiliar no diagnóstico da MPB.

An experimental model of bovine pneumonic mannheimiosis (BPM) was used to evaluate the nasal and nasopharynx bacterial species of calves during the course of the disease and for checking the diagnostic efficiency of nasal swab (NS) and nasopharingeal swab (NPS) microbiological exams. A total of 28 calves were randomized into four experimental groups (G1-G4). NS and NPS were obtained 7 days before and 12 (G1), 24 (G2), 48 (G3) e 72 (G4) hours after intrabronchial inoculation of Mannheimia haemolytica. After the induction of BPM, M. haemolytica biotype A was the predominant isolated bacterium in NS and NPS in all evaluated sampling times, except for one NS (harvested 24 hours). There were no significant statistical differences for the rates of Pasteurella multocida isolation in NS and NPS, harvested before and after the induction of BPM. However, this bacterium was isolated more frequently after the induction of BPM, mainly in NPS. Therefore, the microbiological NS and NPS exams were important auxiliary tests for diagnosing BPM.

Ocorrência de Mannheimia haemolytica e de Pasteurella multocida em ovinos sadios e com enfermidade respiratória / Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida occurrence in healthy and affected lambs

Frequency of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida in the respiratory tract of lambs in the region of Botucatu, SP, Brazil, was studied. Nasopharingeal and oropharingeal swabs were obtained from 262 animals: 180 from healthy and 82 from animals with respiratory diseases. M. haemolytica was the most prevalent (47 percent), followed by the association of M. haemolytica and P. multocida (27 percent), and P. multocida (11 percent). Animals with respiratory disease presented higher occurrence of P. multocida in the nasopharynx as compared to healthy animals (P<0.05). No significant difference in isolation rate of M. haemolytica, P. multocida, and association of these microorganisms in the oropharynx of healthy and affected animals was observed

Susceptibilidade in vitro a antimicrobianos da Mannheimia haemolytica e da Pasteurella multocida isoladas de ovinos sadios e com doenças respiratórias / In vitro susceptibility to antimicrobials of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida isolated from healthy ovine and with respiratory

Pasteurella multocida e Mannheimia haemolytica (P. haemolytica) estãoassociadas a enfermidades no sistema respiratório de ovinos. Com oobjetivo de avaliar a susceptibilidade in vitro destes microrganismosfrente aos antimicrobianos, foram colhidas amostras de nasofaringe(n=180) e orofaringe (n=82) de ovinos com e sem enfermidaderespiratória. Dentre os antimicrobianos testados, a sensibilidade foimaior para enrofloxacina (100%) e florfenicol (100%), considerandoseambas as espécies bacterianas. Observou-se resistência de M.haemolytica e P. multocida à tetraciclina (15,64% e 17,65%,respectivamente) e penicilina (1.82% e 4.2%, respectivamente).

Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica (P. haemolytica) areassociated with ovine respiratory diseases. With the purpose ofobserve the susceptibility in vitro of these organisms againstantimicrobials, were collected samples of nasopharingeal (n=180)and oropharingeal (n=82) from ovines healthy and with respiratorydisease. Among the antimicrobials tested, the sensibility was greaterfor enrofloxacin (100%) and florfenicol (100%), for both bacteria.The greater resistance indices for M. haemolytica and P. multocida wereobserved with tetracyclin (15.64% and 17.65% respectively) andpenicillin (1.82% and 4.2%).

Some investigation on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis [IBR] infection in friesian calves

Respiratory distress was shown to be problem in 1200 friesian calves belonging to military farm, El-Tall El-Kabeer. Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. The problem began two weeks after importation and transportation of calves from western Nobaria to El-Tall El-Kabeer farm. The clinical signs observed were fever, dyspnea, nasal and ocular discharge, conjunctivitis, corneal opacity and occasionally coughing. Some complicated cases were emergency slaughtered or died. The signs were more serious in young calves [6-10 months] than in older calves [11-15 months]. The .morbidity rate was 77.16% while, the mortality rate 6.59%. Nasal and ocular swabs were taken for virological and bacteriological examinations. Also paired serum samples were collected from diseased calves for serum neutralization test [SNT]. Bovine herpesvirus type 1[BHV-1] was isolated on MDBK cell line and confirmed by virus neutralization test [VNT]. SNT revealed high titer which reached up to 1/320. In complicated cases Pasteurella haemolytica was isolated Transportation, overcrowding, and bad weather were considered to be predisposing factors for the disease. Injection of Enrofloxcin 10% [cidotryl-cid, Egypt, 1ml/40Kg. B W.] and tonics were given to minimize the course of the disease and secondary bacterial complication