Parentalidade e diversidade cultural / Parentalidad y diversidad cultural / Parenthood and cultural diversity / Parentalité et diversité culturelle

La culture de la parentalité est un sujet très important au xxie siècle sur le plan social aussi bien que sur le plan clinique. Nous examinerons la question du point de vue de la clinique transculturelle, laquelle associe de façon complémentaire l'anthropologie et la psychanalyse. Nous irons l'analyser pendant la grossesse et dans l'établissement des interactions précoces parents-enfants avec l'aide de vignettes cliniques. Nous étudierons également les implications qui touchent la seconde génération d'enfants nés en France au sein de familles de migrants, particulièrement par rapport aux connaissances et au monde extérieur. Nous démontrerons l'importance de la contratransférence culturelle intime et politique, qui relègue l'autre à une position inférieure, tout en niant ses compétences, ses envies et sa singularité.

In both the social and the clinical levels, the culture of parenthood is a very important matter in the 21st century. We shall discuss this issue from the perspective of the transcultural practice, which provides a complementary association of anthropology with psychoanalysis. We shall analyze, by employing clinical vignettes, parenthood throughout pregnancy, and while the earliest interactions between parents and child are being established. We shall also study the influence or effects upon the second generation of children from migrant families, especially regarding knowledge and the external world. We shall show the important role of a cultural countertransference, which is both intimate and political. This countertransference places the other in an inferior position by denying their competences, desires, and singularity.

La cultura de la parentalidad es un tema muy importante en el siglo xxi, tanto a nivel social como clínico. Examinaremos la cuestión desde el punto de vista de la clínica transcultural que asocia de forma complementaria la antropología y el psicoanálisis. La analizaremos a lo largo del embarazo y en el establecimiento de las interacciones precoces padres-niños con la ayuda de viñetas clínicas. Estudiaremos también las implicaciones para la segunda generación de niños nacidos aquí en las familias de migrantes, en particular en relación con el saber y el mundo exterior. Mostraremos la importancia de la contratransferencia cultural íntima y política, que relega al otro a una posición inferior, que niega sus competencias, sus deseos y su singularidad.

A cultura da parentalidade é um tema muito importante no século xxi, tanto no plano social quanto no plano clínico. Examinaremos a questão do ponto de vista da clínica transcultural, que associa de forma complementar antropologia e psicanálise. Iremos analisá-la durante a gravidez e no estabelecimento das interações precoces pais-filhos com a ajuda de vinhetas clínicas. Estudaremos também as implicações para a segunda geração de crianças nascidas na França nas famílias de migrantes, particularmente em relação ao saber e ao mundo exterior. Mostraremos a importância da contratransferência cultural íntima e política, que relega o outro a uma posição inferior, negando suas competências, seus desejos e sua singularidade.

KAP surveys and malaria control in Vietnam: findings and cautions about community research.

The malaria disease burden is increasing in many countries despite the existence of effective preventative strategies and antimalarial drugs. An understanding of community perspectives and practices is one of the essential components of a successful malaria control program. This paper reports on a KAP (Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices) survey among the Raglai ethnic minority population in Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam, which in 2003 had one of the country's highest confirmed rates of malaria. We found high levels of correct knowledge about malaria's transmission and symptoms, and self-reports of adequate bed net usage and appropriate health-seeking behavior. While the survey generated useful findings, an initial, qualitative investigation (eg, observation and focus group discussions) to explore the large numbers of potential influences on behavior and exposure risk would have provided a more robust underpinning for the design of survey questions. This would have strengthened its validity and generated additional information. The adoption of rigorous, multi-disciplinary research methods offers the best chance of contributing to the development of successful malaria control programs and effective policies.