Prevalence and management of refractory meralgia paresthetica in lumbar spine surgery: 5 years of experience / Prevalência e manejo da meralgia parestésica refratária em cirurgia de coluna lombar: experiência de cinco anos / Prevalencia y manejo de la meralgia parestésica refractaria en cirugía de columna lumbar: experiencia de 5 años

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of our study was to report 5 years of experience in the recognition and management of refractory meralgia paresthetica (MP) in patients who had undergone posterior approach lumbar surgery. Methods Patients who were submitted to procedures in the lumbar spine from January 2010 to January 2015 in three different hospital centers in Belo Horizonte/MG were selected for an evaluation of the postoperative development of MP. A prospective observational comparative case series study. Level of evidence III. Evaluation of the following parameters: type of support for the patient, surgical time, body mass index. Results 367 posterior approach lumbar spine surgeries for degenerative pathologies of the lumbar spine were performed. MP was observed in 81 patients (22%). In 65 of those patients (80%), there was complete resolution of the symptoms with conservative management (local measures and medications for neuropathic pain) in less than two months. Twelve patients improved with a corticosteroid depot injection in the inguinal ligament and four patients required a surgical procedure in the third month. Pneumatic support was the least involved in the development of MP, as well as surgical time <1h and body mass index <25. Conclusion Refractory MP may occur in patients submitted to posterior approach lumbar spine surgeries. Management includes local measures, medications for neuropathic pain, and corticosteroid injection in the inguinal ligament. Decompression surgery is reserved for rare refractory cases. Level of evidence III; Prospective observational study with comparative case series.

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo consiste em relatar a experiência de cinco anos no reconhecimento e manejo da meralgia parestésica (MP) refratária em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias lombares por via posterior. Métodos Pacientes submetidos a procedimentos na coluna lombar, no período de janeiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2015, em três diferentes centros hospitalares de Belo Horizonte/MG, foram selecionados para avaliação do desenvolvimento da MP pós-operatória. Estudo prospectivo observacional com série de casos comparativos. Nível III de evidência. Avaliação dos seguintes parâmetros: tipo de suporte para o paciente, tempo de cirurgia, índice de massa corporal. Resultados Foram feitas 367 cirurgias por via posterior da coluna lombar para patologias degenerativas da coluna lombar. A MP foi observada em 81 pacientes (22%). Em 65 pacientes (80%), houve resolução completa dos sintomas com manejo conservador (medidas locais e medicamentos para dor neuropática) em menos de dois meses. Doze pacientes melhoraram através de infiltração com corticoide de depósito e anestésico no local no ligamento inguinal e, em quatro pacientes houve necessidade de procedimento cirúrgico no terceiro mês. O suporte pneumático foi o menos envolvido no desenvolvimento da MP, assim como o tempo cirúrgico <1h e índice de massa corporal <25. Conclusão A MP refratária pode ocorrer em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias na coluna lombar por via posterior. O manejo inclui medidas locais, medicamentos para dor neuropática e infiltração com corticoide no ligamento inguinal. A cirurgia descompressiva está reservada para os raros casos refratários. Nível de evidência III; Estudo prospectivo observacional com série de casos comparativos.

RESUMEN Objetivo El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en relatar la experiencia de 5 años en el reconocimiento y manejo de la meralgia parestésica (MP) refractaria en pacientes sometidos a cirugías lumbares por vía posterior. Métodos Pacientes sometidos a procedimientos en la columna lumbar, en el período de enero de 2010 a enero de 2015, en tres diferentes centros hospitalarios de Belo Horizonte/MG, fueron seleccionados para evaluación del desarrollo de la MP postoperatoria. Estudio prospectivo observacional con serie de casos comparativos. Nivel III de evidencia. Evaluación de los siguientes parámetros: tipo de soporte para el paciente, tiempo de cirugía, índice de masa corporal. Resultados Se realizaron 367 cirugías por vía posterior de la columna lumbar para patologías degenerativas de la columna lumbar. La MP fue observada en 81 pacientes (22%). En 65 pacientes (80%) hubo resolución completa de los síntomas con manejo conservador (medidas locales y medicamentos para el dolor neuropático) en menos de 2 meses. Doce pacientes mejoraron a través de infiltración de corticoide de depósito y anestésico en el local en el ligamento inguinal y, en cuatro pacientes, hubo necesidad de procedimiento quirúrgico en el tercer mes. El soporte neumático fue el menos involucrado en el desarrollo de la MP, así como el tiempo quirúrgico <1h e índice de masa corporal <25. Conclusión La MP refractaria puede ocurrir en pacientes sometidos a cirugías en la columna lumbar por vía posterior. El manejo incluye medidas locales, medicamentos para el dolor neuropático e infiltración con corticoide en el ligamento inguinal. La cirugía descompresiva está reservada para los raros casos refractarios. Nivel de evidencia III; Estudio prospectivo observacional con serie de casos comparativos.

Meralgia parestésica: Lesión nerviosa posoperatoria, una responsabilidad compartida. Caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica / Meralgia paresthetic: Postoperative nerve injury, a shared responsibility. Clinical case and review

INTRODUCTION: Perioperative nerve injuries are of great concern to anesthesiologists. Meralgia paresthetica is a syndrome of pain and paresthesia in the anterolateral region of thigh caused by injury of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. The purpose of this paper is present a case, review the bibliography to determine management guidelines. METHOD: A search about paresthetic meralgia was conducted from December 2013 to March 2018, using the PubMed database. RESULT: Nerve injuries and particular meralgia paresthetica are entities with multiple risk factors for their development. The diagnosis can be very complex, requires a high index of suspicion and an adequate differential study of other processes. Its treatment can be conservative or surgical. In the exposed case there is also an investigation about the responsibilities associated with the operative procedure. CONCLUSION: Perioperative nerve injuries occur frequently, being a cause of morbidity, increased costs and medical legal implications of great relevance to anesthesiologists.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las lesiones nerviosas perioperatorias son causa de gran preocupación para los anestesiólogos. La meralgia parestésica es un síndrome de dolor y parestesia en la región anterolateral del muslo originada por la lesión del nervio femorocutáneo lateral. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar un caso, revisar la bibliografía para determinar directrices de manejo. MÉTODO: Se presenta un caso clínico. Se realiza una búsqueda sobre la meralgia parestésica desde diciembre de 2013 a marzo de 2018, usando la base de PubMed. RESULTADO: Las lesiones nerviosas y en particular la meralgia parestésica son entidades con múltiples factores de riesgo para su desarrollo. El diagnóstico puede ser muy complejo, precisa un alto índice de sospecha y un adecuado estudio diferencial de otros procesos. Su tratamiento puede ser conservador o quirúrgico. En el caso expuesto además existe investigación sobre las responsabilidades asociadas al procedimiento operatorio. CONCLUSIÓN: Las lesiones nerviosas perioperatorias ocurren frecuentemente, siendo una causa de morbilidad, incremento de costos e implicaciones medicolegales de gran relevancia para los anestesiólogos.

Meralgia paresthetica following hemorrhoidectomy in the jack-knife position: A case report

Meralgia paresthetica (MP) is a neuropathic pain caused by the entrapment of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). There have been reports of MP following various surgeries; however, it has not yet been reported after hemorrhoid surgery. We report a case of bilateral MP after hemorrhoid surgery in a jack-knife position. The patient presented with pain, tightness, and a tingling sensation in the anterolateral aspect of both thighs. Ultrasonography-guided LFCN block was used for diagnosis and treatment, along with conservative management for 20 days with oral medication. One month later, the patient's symptoms had resolved completely. MP due to the jack-knife position may occur postoperatively in patients with predisposing risk factors such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, despite adequate padding and a shorter operating time.

Femoral Neuropathy Secondary to Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Case Report

Compressive femoral neuropathy is a disabling condition accompanied by difficulty in hip flexion and knee extension. It may result from retroperitoneal hematoma or bleeding, or from complications associated with pelvic, hip surgery, and renal transplants. A 55-year-old female with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease presented with proximal muscle weakness in lower extremities. The patient experienced recurrent renal cyst infection, with aggravated weakness during each event. Electromyography and nerve conduction study revealed bilateral femoral neuropathy. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance images were added to further identify the cause. As a result, a diagnosis of femoral neuropathy caused by enlarged polycystic kidney was made. Cyst infection was managed with antibiotics. Renal function was maintained by frequent regular hemodialysis. While avoiding activities that may increase abdominal pressure, rehabilitation exercises were provided. Motor strength in hip flexion and knee extension improved, and was confirmed via electrodiagnostic studies.

Lesión del músculo ilíaco por ejercicio inadecuado / Iliacus muscle injury caused by inadequate exercise

Resumen: Antecedentes: La lesión traumática del músculo ilíaco es rara; generalmente es causada por trauma o ejercicio intenso, que ocasiona hematoma del músculo con neuropatía del nervio femoral como complicación. Los hematomas espontáneos del mismo ocurren en pacientes con trastornos de la coagulación. Caso clínico: Masculino de 45 años con 18 días de evolución, con dolor intenso en la nalga, ingle y fosa ilíaca derechas e incapacidad de realizar flexión de la cadera, originados durante la realización de movimientos repetitivos (flexión de la cadera con elevación bilateral de las extremidades inferiores en posición supina). A la exploración: dolor a la flexión y/o rotación interna de la cadera derecha, maniobra Thomas positiva, cuádriceps con fuerza muscular 2/5; zona de parestesias en el territorio del nervio femoral derecho. La resonancia magnética de pelvis mostró ruptura parcial del músculo ilíaco, con sangre entre sus fibras. El paciente fue tratado con reposo y analgésicos durante ocho días, extensión gradual de la cadera, muletas axilares con apoyo parcial; a los ocho días se inició con diatermia a fosa ilíaca, ejercicios activos asistidos de flexión-extensión de cadera, bicicleta ergométrica y fortalecimiento del cuádriceps. La evolución fue satisfactoria; fue dado de alta asintomático a las seis semanas.

Abstract: Background: Traumatic iliacus muscle injury is rare; it is usually caused by trauma or intense exercise involving the pelvic girdle; it can produce a hematoma with femoral nerve neuropathy. Spontaneous muscle hematomas occur in patients with coagulation disorders. Clinical case: A 45-year-old male with 18 days of evolution, with an intense pain in the right buttock, groin and iliac fossa, with an inability for hip flexion and ambulation caused by inadequate exercise (supine double leg lifts). On the physical examination: intense pain with bending and/or internal rotation of the right hip, positive Thomas maneuver, quadriceps rated 3/5; area of paresthesia in the right femoral nerve territory. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed: right iliacus muscle tear with blood between its fibers. Initial treatment was rest and analgesics for eight days and gradual extension of the hip, axillary crutches with partial weight bearing and diathermy on the right abdominal lower quadrant, active hip exercises, bicycle and right quadriceps strengthening. The evolution was satisfactory, with full recovery in six weeks.

Meralgia parestésica por compressão de cinta modeladora / Meralgia paresthetica by compression from a modeling girdle

Meralgia parestésica é caracterizada por dor, parestesia ou queimação e diminuição da sensibilidade tátil e dolorosa na face anterolateral da coxa. Isto ocorre por uma neuropatia do nervo cutâneo femoral lateral (NCFL). O tratamento conservador é frequentemente bem-sucedido, aliviando os sintomas na maioria dos pacientes. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 44 anos de idade que apresentou os sintomas descritos após uso pós-operatório de malha modeladora por cirurgia estética.

Meralgia paresthetica is characterized by pain, paresthesia or burning sensation, and reduction of tactile and pain sensitivity in the anterolateral surface of the thigh. This disability is caused by a neuropathy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). Conservative treatment is often successful at relieving the symptoms in the majority of patients. We describe the case of a 44-year-old patient who presented with these symptoms caused by postoperative use of a surgical girdle after aesthetic surgery.

Bilateral Iatrogenic Femoral Neuropathy

No abstract available.

Non-operative Treatment of Femoral Neuropathy Caused by Iliacus Hematoma: A Case Report / 대한고관절학회지

Treatment of femoral neuropathy caused by iliacus hematoma can be divided according to operative treatment and non-operative treatment. Recently, percutaneous drainage has been more popular because it is relatively simple, convenient, and less invasive. After warfarin overuse, a 71-year-old male patient visited the emergency room with femoral neuropathy caused by a left iliacus muscle hematoma measuring approximately 110x64 mm, 75x60 mm in size on coronal and sagittal computed tomography angiograhy. Without trauma, weakness of the left hip flexor and left knee extensor was noted with strength of 2/5 (poor) each. Immediate medical treatment using vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma was started and percutaneous drainage was performed. Two days after visiting the emergency room, neurological symptoms were improved and non-operative treatment was continued. Twenty four days after being hospitalized, the size of the hematoma was reduced to approximately 75x45 mm, 62x40 mm in size. Approximately three months after hospitalization, most of the hematoma was absorbed. After one year, mild atrphy of quadriceps and mild diffuse pain were noted, however, no other symptoms were observed.

Femoral compressive neuropathy from iliopsoas haematoma complicating dengue hemorrhagic fever

Dengue fever is a debilitating mosquito-borne disease caused by dengue virus. We reported a case of femoral compression neuropathy due to iliopsoas hematoma complicating dengue hemorrhagic fever. Iliopsoas muscle hematoma can cause femoral neuropathy with resultant pain and paralysis. Such manifestations are not well documented in the literature. The pathogenesis of hematoma and compressive neuropathy with its appropriate management is discussed.

Femoral Nerve Palsy with Patella Fracture

Femoral neuropathy may be associated with various etiologies and can cause severe walking disability. We present the case of a 25-year-old woman who underwent surgical repair for a patella fracture and complained of lower extremity pain, paresthesia, and weakness postoperatively. Electromyography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed partial peripheral neuropathy of the left femoral nerve associated with the patella fracture. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of femoral neuropathy associated with a patella fracture.

Neuropatía femoral y hematoma bilateral de músculos psoas-iliaco asociados a tratamiento con warfarina / Femoral neuropathy and bilateral hematoma: psoas-iliac muscles associated with a warfarin treatment

Se presentó un hombre de 70 años que sufrió un hematoma bilateral de los músculos psoas-iliacos como consecuencia del tratamiento con warfarina. Después de 6 d de tratamiento analgésico, valores de índice internacional normalizado inferiores a 1,5 y control del sangrado, se indicó la warfarina para continuar la profilaxis por la prótesis valvular mecánica. Fue egresado con secuelas motoras por la neuropatía femoral y se ha mantenido con tratamiento fisioterapéutico. Se diagnosticó neuropatía por compresión del nervio femoral, por hematoma de los músculos psoas-ilíacos. Los casos de hematomas retroperitoneales son escasos en la literatura médica, en Cuba no encontramos casos publicados...

This is the case of a man suffered of a bilateral hematoma of psoas-iliac muscles as a consequence of warfarin treatment. After 6 days od analgesic treatment, values of INR lower than 1,5 and bleeding control warfarin was prescribed to continue the prophylaxis by mechanical valvular prosthesis. He was discharged with motor sequelae due to femoral neuropathy maintained with a physiotherapy treatment. A neuropathy by compression of femoral nerve due to hematoma of psoas-iliac muscles was diagnosed. The cases of retroperitoneal hematomas are scarce in medical literature and in Cuba there were not published cases...

Femoral Neuropathy Secondary to Iliacus Hematoma: A Case Report / 대한고관절학회지

A 17-year-old male patient complained of acutely developed severe paresthesia, pain, and weakness of the right lower extremity. He fell to the ground during performance of hand-stand physical exercise. Despite administration of conservative treatment for two weeks in a private clinic, motor function of the hip flexor and knee extensor were measured as poor grade. EMG showed femoral nerve and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury. Findings on MRI and CT revealed a mass measuring 8x5x7 cm in the iliac fossa. After evacuation of the hematoma(400 cc), neurologic dysfunction and thigh circumference were fully recovered, compared with the contralateral side, after one and half year follow up. This condition rarely occurs in individuals without coagulopathy. We reported on a rare case of iliacus hematoma and femoral neuropathy treated by surgical decompression in a patient with no coagulopathy.

Femoral Neuropathy due to Iliacus Muscle Hematoma in a Patient on Warfarin Therapy

Spontaneous hematomas of the iliacus muscle are rare lesions and these are seen in individuals receiving anticoagulation therapy or patients with blood dyscrasias such as hemophilia. It can cause femoral neuropathy and resultant pain and paralysis. Although there is no clear consensus for the treatment of femoral neuropathy from iliacus muscle hematomas, delays in the surgical evacuation of hematoma for decompression of the femoral nerve can lead to a prolonged or permanent disability. We report here on a rare case of a spontaneous iliacus muscle hematoma that caused femoral neuropathy in a patient who was taking warfarin for occlusive vascular disease and we discuss the treatment.

Femoral Neuropathy and Meralgia Paresthetica Secondary to an Iliacus Hematoma

Compressive femoral and lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathies from an iliacus hematoma are unusual presentation. We report a case of a 16-year-old boy who developed right femoral and lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathies as a complication of traumatic ipsilateral iliacus hematoma formation. The patient complained of numbness in the right thigh and calf as well as right leg weakness, and pain in the right inguinal area. Nerve conduction study and needle electromyography identified the neuropathies. After the electrodiagnostic studies, the pelvic bone MRI revealed a large, 9x5x4.5 cm right iliacus hematoma. As a result, diagnosis of a right iliacus hematoma compressing the femoral and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves was made, and the patient underwent an operation to remove the hematoma. Symptoms and neurological signs showed notable improvement after surgical decompression. Subsequent follow-up electrodiagnostic studies after 11 weeks demonstrated regeneration evidence.

Tratamento cirúrgico de dor neuropática em membro inferior por ferimento de arma de fogo: relato de caso / Surgical treatment of lower limb neuropathic pain caused by firearm injury: case report

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O tratamento da dor neuropática é difícil e muitos pacientes apresentam alívio parcial e incompleto da dor com o tratamento farmacológico. Em casos de dor neuropática de origem traumática deve ser considerada a possibilidade de tratamento com a exploração cirúrgica, pois existe a possibilidadeda dor ser causada por compressão nervosa devida a fibrose de tecidos adjacentes ou espessamento de bainha. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar um caso de sucesso no tratamento cirúrgico de dor neuropática causada por espessamento da bainha no nervo ciático esquerdo causado por ferimento de arma de fogo.RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, alvejado por tiro de arma de fogo na região glútea esquerda,evoluiu com dor em queimação na região posterior da coxa esquerda, com irradiação para face posterior da coxa, perna e pé, que foi parcialmente controlada por tratamento farmacológico com oxicodona, gabapentina e amitriptilina. Com a persistência das dores, foi feita a exploração cirúrgica no local de entrada do projétil que evidenciou a presença de bulbo em nervo ciático esquerdo e espessamento da bainha, sendo feita endoneurólise para a descompressão de fibrose intraneural. Após acirurgia fez uso de pregabalina, morfina e amitriptilina,e depois de 10 meses da cirurgia estava assintomático,sem uso das medicações. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento cirúrgico com endoneurólise para a descompressão de fibrose intraneural no nervo ciático esquerdo associado ao tratamento com amitriptilina e pregabalina, controlou com sucesso a dor neuropática causada por ferimento de arma de fogo.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neuropathic pain is difficult to treat and many patients have partial and incomplete pain relief with pharmacological treatment.When the neuropathic pain has traumatic origin one should consider the possibility of treating with surgical exploration because pain may be caused by nervous compression due to adjacent tissues fibrosis or sheath thickening.This study aimed at presenting a successful case of surgical treatment of neuropathic pain caused by sheaththickening of left sciatic nerve, caused by firearm injury.CASE REPORT: Male patient, reached by firearm shotin the left gluteus region, who evolved with burning pain in the posterior left thigh region, with irradiation to the posterior thigh face, leg and foot, which was partially controlled with pharmacological treatment with oxycodone,gabapentin and amitriptyline. As pain persisted,surgical exploration was performed at the bullet entrysite, which has evidenced the presence of left sciatic nerve bulb and sheath thickening, being performed endoneurolysis for intraneural fibrosis decompression. After surgery, patient was treated with pregabalin, morphine and amitriptyline and 10 months after surgery he was asymptomatic and no longer having medication.CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment with endoneurolysis for intraneural fibrosis decompression in left sciatic nerve associated to treatment with amitriptyline and pregabalin has successfully controlled neuropathic pain caused by firearm injury.

Lumbar Plexopathy Caused by Metastatic Tumor, Which Was Mistaken for Postoperative Femoral Neuropathy

Surgical excision was performed on a 30-years old woman with a painful mass on her left thigh. The pathologic findings on the mass indicated fibromatosis. After the operation, she complained of allodynia and spontaneous pain at the operation site and ipsilateral lower leg. We treated her based on postoperative femoral neuropathy, but symptom was aggravated. We found a large liposarcoma in her left iliopsoas muscle which compressed the lumbar plexus. In conclusion, the cause of pain was lumbar plexopathy related to a mass in the left iliopsoas muscle. Prompt diagnosis of acute neuropathic pain after an operation is important and management must be based on exact causes.

Saphenous Mononeuropathy after Repetitive Compression on the Knee in a Ballerina: A Case Report

Saphenous mononeuropathy is an uncommon neuropathy in clinical condition, which may incur from various surgical procedures, direct trauma, or entrapment, and most frequently involves at the adductor canal, or Hunter's canal. A 17-year old female, who was majoring in ballet, visited our rehabilitation clinic for numbness in the medial aspect of the left lower leg for the previous 9 months, without weakness. The electrodiagnostic study revealed only a delayed small potential in the left saphenous nerve. MRI examination showed soft tissue swelling in the medial side of the left knee. Accordingly, we diagnosed the patient with saphenous mononeuropathy around the knee, without lumbar plexopathy or femoral neuropathy. We report a case of saphenous mononeuropathy which developed after repetitive compression on the medial side of the knee without any other iatrogenic injury, and include a review of the relevant literature.

Pseudoaneurisma femoral: tratamiento mediante inyección percutánea de trombina guiada por ultrasonido: experiencia del Centro Cardiovascular La Floresta / Fermoral pseudoaneurysm: ultrasound guided percutaneous treatment with thrombin: Experince at Centro Cardiovascular La Floresta

El pseudoaneurisma femoral (PAF) es una complicación de las intervenciones percutáneas, con incidencia entre 0,5% y 2%. El diagnóstico es clínico y se establece con imágenes de ultrasonido-Dopper color de la arteria femoral con numerosas alternativas terapéuticas para su resolución. Describir la conducta terapéutica por medio de la inyección de trombina guiada por ultra sonido y la experiencia del Centro Cardiovascular La Floresta. El diagnóstico de PAF se realizó en base a la manifestaciones clínicas y hallazgos por ultrasonido-Doppler a color. Seguidamente se accedión al saco del PAF con una aguja de punción lumbar 22G, guiada por ultrasonido y se inyectó lentamente trombina heteróloga de origen bovino, tomando nota de las dosis utilizadas hasta lograr la trombosis del saco. Se realizó seguimiento clínico y ultrasonográfico a las 24,48 horas, 3 y 6 meses. Se trateron 15 pacientes consecutivos con edad promedio 62 ± 5 años entre enero de 2002 y noviembre de 2008. En todos los pacientes se logró la trombosis del PAF con la primera inyección con mejoría clínica dentro de las primeras 24 horas. Once pacientes (79%) fueron seguidos clínicamente y ecográficamente a las 24 - 48 horas, y clínicamente a los 3 y 6 meses. La inyección de trombina guiada por ultrasonido puede ser considerada para el tratamiento del PAF, ya que demostrado ser un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo, seguro y de bajo costo.

Femoral pseudoaneurysm (FPA) is a complication of percutaneous interventions, with an incidence of 0.5%-2%. The diagnosis is clinical and is usually confirmed by ultrasound-color Doppler (UCD) of the femoral artery with multiple therapeutic options. To describe the therapeutic approach to seal the FPA with the use of thrombin guided by ultrasound and to analize the experience at the Centro Cardiovascular La Floresta. The diagnosis of EPA was made on clinical basis and UCD. The sac of the EPA was accessed with a 22G needle under ultrasoun guidance followed by careful heterologous bovine thrombin infection until thrombosis of the sac was abtained. Clinical and UCD follow-up was made at 24,48 hours and at 3 and 6 months. Fifteen consecutive patients, 65 ± years, between january 2002 and november 2008 were treated. In all patients thrombosis of the sac of the FPA was obtained with the first injection and clinical improvement was noted within the first 24 hours. Eleven patients were followed-up clinically and with UCD at 24 and 48 hours and clinically at 3 and 6 months. Thrombin injection with ultrasound guidance may be considered as a method to treat EPA, since it has shown to be minimally invasive, safe and at low cost.

Bilateral femoral neuropathy after vaginal delivery: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Epidural analgesia is frequently used for the management of labor pain in parturients. The neurologic complications of epidural analgesia are rare, but they are catastrophic when they occur. We report here on a case of bilateral femoral neuropathy in a vaginal delivery patient with epidural analgesia. The patient complained of weakness of both thighs and numbness around both knees. Neurologic examination and electromyographic study revealed that they occurred due to the delivery itself. The patient had not fully recovered at eight weeks after delivery. The declining incidence of postpartum femoral neuropathy may reflect a reduced duration of labor in accordance with modern obstetric practice, and particularly the more frequent use of Caesarean delivery. The exact etiology of postpartum femoral neuropathy is unknown, and the possible factors are direct compression of nerves that are proximal within the pelvis by either the fetal head or birthing instruments, or this malady is the result of pressure induced ischemia at the level of the inguinal ligament when the pregnant woman is in the lithotomy position.

Neurapraxia do femoral pelo uso do garrote: relato de caso / Femoral neurapraxia due to the use of tourniquet: case report

Os autores descrevem caso de paciente do sexo feminino, com 23 anos de idade, submetida à cirurgia do joelho para realinhamento patelar com uso de garrote pneumático e que desenvolveu neurapraxia femoral. Faz-se breve revisão da literatura sobre as vantagens e desvantagens do uso do garrote em cirurgias do joelho e discute-se a necessidade da sua indicação, considerando-se as complicações acarretadas por seu uso incorreto.

The authors describe the case of a 27 year-old female patient submitted to knee surgery for patellar realignment with the use of a pneumatic tourniquet, who developed femoral neurapraxia. They make a brief literature review about the advantages and disadvantages of using a tourniquet in knee surgeries, and discuss the need for tourniquet indication considering the complications entailed by the incorrect use of the tourniquet.