Maltrato infantil. Presentación de un caso / Child abuse. Presentation of a case

RESUMEN El maltrato infantil constituye un problema de profundas repercusiones psicológicas, sociales, éticas, jurídicas y médicas. La definición de maltrato implica una valoración social en relación a lo que es peligroso o inadecuado para el niño. En eso reside la gran dificultad para definirlo. En este artículo se expone un caso poco común de maltrato infantil, que culminó con la muerte de la víctima de 22 meses de edad, que según los datos aportados por la instrucción policial, en horas de la noche, del día 4 de octubre del 2015, al llegar al cuerpo de guardia, la doctora de asistencia constata que la misma se encontraba fallecida y al examen físico presentó múltiples lesiones recientes y antiguas en el cuerpo. Se recoge el antecedente de maltrato familiar en varias ocasiones, siendo el último ocasionado alrededor de 2 días (AU).

ABSTRACT Child abuse is a problem of deep psychological, social, ethical, juridical and medical repercussions. The definition of abuse implies a social judgment in relation of what is dangerous or inadequate for a child. This is the cause of the enormous difficulty of defining it. An uncommon case of child abuse is described in this article. It ended up with the death of the 22-years-months child who, according with the data given by the police instruction, was death when arrived to the Emergency Unit on October 4th 2015 at night. At the arrival, the caregiver doctor stated that the child was death, and at the physical examination she presented multiple recent and old lesions in the body. It was recorded the antecedent of family abuse in several occasions, being the last one around two days ago (AU).

Caracterización anatomopatológica de los neonatos fallecidos durante el quinquenio 2010-2014 / Pathological characterization of dead neonates during 2010-2014

Se realizó un estudio transversal y retrospectivo de los 55 neonatos autopsiados en el Departamento de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital General Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, durante el quinquenio 2010-2014, para identificar las características anatomopatológicas que permitieran determinar las causas de las defunciones y describir los factores maternos y neonatales concurrentes en estas últimas. Entre los principales hallazgos sobresalió el predominio de estos decesos en el 2010, con 16; del sexo masculino (61,81 por ciento); de la muerte neonatal precoz con 32, de los nacidos pretérmino con bajo peso (94,44 por ciento), del parto por cesárea y de la preclampsia como antecedente materno. La causa básica de muerte más frecuente fue nacer antes del término con bajo peso en 30; y la causa directa de muerte, la hipoxia en 15 de ellos

A cross-sectional and retrospective study of the 55 neonates undergoing autopsy was carried out in the Pathology Department of Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, during 2010-2014, to identify the pathological characteristics that allowed to determine the causes of deaths and to describe the maternal and neonatal concurrent factors in the latter. Among the main findings the prevalence of these deaths in 2010 was significant, with 16; from male sex (61.81 percent); 32 with neonatal early death, of preterm birth with low birth weight (94.44 percent), of Caesarean delivery and of pre-eclampsia as maternal history. The most frequent basic cause of death was being born before term with low weight in 30 neonates; and the direct cause of death, hypoxia in 15 of them

Agreement on underlying causes of infant death between original records and after investigation: analysis of two biennia in the years 2000 / Concordância sobre causas básicas de morte infantil entre registros originais e após investigação: análise de dois biênios nos anos 2000

Objective: To analyze the agreement between underlying causes of infant deaths obtained from Death Certificates (DC) with those defined after investigation by the Municipal Committee for the Prevention of Maternal and Infant Mortality (CMPMMI), in Londrina, Paraná State, in the biennia 2000-2001 and 2007-2008. Methods: DC of infants and records of investigations were obtained from the CMPMMI. The causes of death registered in both sources were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10), and the underlying causes of deaths were selected. Agreement between underlying causes of deaths was verified by Kappa's (k) test and analyzed according to ICD-10 chapters and blocks of categories in both biennia. Results: In 2000/2001, according to ICD-10 chapters, high agreement rates were observed for conditions originated in the perinatal period (k = 0.85) and for external causes (k = 0.84), while, for congenital malformations, there was a substantial agreement (k = 0.71). In 2007/2008, agreement was considered poor for all analyzed chapters. For blocks of categories, high or substantial agreement rates were observed only in the first biennium for "congenital malformations of the circulatory system" (k = 0.78) and for "other external causes of accidental injury" (k = 0.91). Conclusions: A decrease in agreement between the sources during the study period indicates either an improvement in the process of investigation of infant death by the CMPMMI and/or a worsening in the quality of the DC information. .

Objetivo: Analisar a concordância entre a causa básica de morte infantil informada na Declaração de Óbito (DO) e a definida após investigação pelo Comitê Municipal de Prevenção da Mortalidade Materna e Infantil (CMPMMI), em Londrina, Paraná, nos biênios 2000/2001 e 2007/2008. Método: Foram obtidas as DO e as fichas de investigação do CMPMMI de óbitos infantis. As causas de morte informadas em ambos os documentos foram transcritas para um formulário, sendo posteriormente codificadas segundo a Classificação Internacional de Doenças, décima revisão (CID-10), com seleção das respectivas causas básicas. As concordâncias entre as causas básicas das DO e as do CMPMMI foram verificadas pelo teste Kappa (k), para capítulos e agrupamentos da CID-10, em ambos os períodos. Resultados: Em 2000/2001, observou-se ótima concordância para o capítulo das afecções do período perinatal (k = 0,85) e para o das causas externas (k = 0,84), e boa concordância para o das malformações congênitas (k = 0,71). Em 2007/2008, a concordância entre os registros da DO e os do CMPMMI foi considerada ruim ou fraca para todos os capítulos de causas. Em relação aos agrupamentos, observou-se concordância boa ou ótima apenas no primeiro biênio para "malformações do aparelho circulatório" (k = 0,78) e "outras causas externas acidentais" (k = 0,91). Conclusão: Observou-se diminuição da concordância entre as fontes pesquisadas no período estudado, o que indica melhora do processo de investigação dos óbitos infantis pelo CMPMMI e/ou piora na qualidade da informação original na DO. .