Osteogénesis imperfecta: mosaicismo germinal o evidencia de heterogeneidad genética. Presentación de una familia y revisión bibliográfica / Osteogénesis imperfect: mosaicismo germinal or evidence of genetic heterogeneousness: presentation of a family and bibliographical review

La osteogénesis imperfecta clasifica entre las displasias óseas por alteraciones en la densidad y los defectos del modelaje óseo. El tipo I es la forma más frecuente de la enfermedad y se caracteriza por un patrón de herencia autosómico dominante. No es infrecuente que la enfermedad aparezca producto de una nueva mutación. También se ha demostrado que puede ser producida por mosaicismos germinales. Este trabajo documenta, por primera vez en Cuba, el caso de una familia con 3 individuos de diferente sexo afectados por osteogénesis imperfecta de tipo I mientras ninguno de los progenitores lo está. Se discute la posibilidad etiológica de un mosaicismo germinal y se valora asimismo la posibilidad de un patrón de herencia distinto del dominante, lo cual aportaría nueva evidencia de heterogeneidad genética.

Osteogenesis imperfecta is one of the bone dysplasias caused by altered density and bone model defects. Type I is the most common form of disease and is characterized by an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Sometimes, this disease occurs as a result of a new mutation. It has been also demonstrated that it can be caused by germ mosaicisms. This paper documented for the first time in Cuba the case of a family with three (3) individuals of both sexes affected by type-1 osteogenesis imperfecta but their parents were not. The etiological possibilities of germ mosaicism and the possibilities of an inheritance pattern different from the dominant one were discussed, which would give new genetic heterogeneity evidence.

Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in a Fetus with 46,XY/46,X,-Y,+der(Y)t(Y;1)(q12;q12) Mosaicism: A Case Report

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is often associated with major anomalies and chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosomal abnormalities are usually detected in 9.5% to 34% of fetuses with CDH prenatally diagnosed and the defect has also been reported in association with multiple syndromes such as Pallister-Killian syndrome, Fryns syndrome, Di George syndrome and Apert syndrome. Among the chromosomal abnormalities associated with CDH, trisomy 21, 18, and 13 are most common. Association with complex chromosomal aberrations such as mosaicism has also been reported. However, CDH presented in a fetus with Y-autosome translocation is extremely rare. Herein, we reported a case of fetus with 46,XY/46,X,-Y, +der(Y)t(Y;1)(q12;q12) mosaicism who presented with CDH diagnosed by ultrasonography at 19 weeks' gestation.