Genetic analysis of mecA gene and detection of homologue pbpD in Stahylococcus sciuri group

Oxacillin/methicillin-resistance is related to the mecA and its regulatory genes mecR1 and mecI. Its origin is still unknown, although evidences support that it is related to CNS, once mecA and a homologue gene, pbpD, were both detected in Staphylococcus sciuri species group. The present work evaluated 210 samples of skin and ear swabs from rodents and 60 nasal swabs from equines of Army Biologic Institute, Rio de Janeiro. Pheno- and genotypic characterization provided 59.52% (25/42) and 78.57% (11/14) S. lentus and S. sciuri, respectively. It was observed that although all S. sciuri isolates tested positive for pbpD, there was no correlation with oxacillin-resistance. On the other hand, isolates tested positive for mecA gene also presented phenotypic oxacillin-resistance in at least one assay. The alignment of the mecA gene showed that the nucleotide sequences were sorted into 2 different groups, one comprising the bovine strains and the other containing human and equine strains.

Estudio microbiológico y epidemiológico de otomicosis / Otomycosis. microbiology and epidemiology

Propósito: Determinar los microorganismos causales de las infecciones por hongos que afectan al oído externo y compararlo con los reportes de la literatura mundial. Selección de pacientes: Se incluyeron de manera secuencial a los 152 pacientes que acudieron a la división de otorrinolaringología y en los que se sospechó otomicosis. Diseño: Prospectivo, descriptivo, abierto, observacional y transversal. objetivos de medición: El hongo causal de la infección, agentes bacterianos sobre-infectantes, hábitos higiénicos, hábitos dietéticos y manifestaciones clínicas. Hallazgos y conclusiones: Se determinó que en nuestra población estudiada, las otomicosis fueron causadas por especies de Aspergillus y Candida.

Analytical study of the throat and ear microbial flora in the swimming pool primary swimmers

Swimming is considered as one of the sports played in a different media than other sports. Keeping the cleanliness of the used water media is important for preserving the health and safety of swimmers. This includes the cleanliness and clarity of the water, the proper use of disinfectants and thorough cleanliness to guard against spread of diseases and infectious microorganisms. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the closed swimming pools in each of the Faculty of Physical Education for girls in Alexandria, El-kashafa club and YMCA club, as well as to determine the percentage of pathogenic microorganisms in the swimming pools' water and its effect on the microbial flora in the throats and ears of the primary swimmers. The sample of this study was chosen by the non-stratified random sample from the primary swimmers aged from 6-15 years: 20 swimmers from each pool. The following was done: [1]. Questionnaire for the trainees, managers and supervisors of the swimming pools about their evaluation of these pools. [2]. Questionnaire for the parents of the primary swimmers about the frequency of pharyngitis and otitis per year, and their relation with swimming. [3]. Water samples from the swimming pools were taken before and after the cleaning of the pools, and also from the water sources, and total bacterial counts were done and also on Sabouraud's tubes and the organisms isolated from each sample were identified. [4]. Throat and ear swabs were taken from every swimmer and plated on nutrient agar, blood agar, MacConkey's agar and Sabouraud's media. This study clarified that primary swimmers who used the Faculty pool were more liable to throat infection after swimming than those who used EI-Kashafa or YMCA pools, and this difference was statistically significant There was a significant relationship between the frequency of throat infection [more than 4 times per year] in case of affection with Hemophilus in EI-Kashafa pool swimmers, while there was a significant relationship between infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactia and Hemophilus in YMCA pool swimmers. There was a significant relationship between swimming in Faculty pool and affection with beta-hemolytic streptococci which cause pharyngitis, while this was not significant in other pools swimmers

Otomicosis: diagnóstico por el laboratorio / Otomycoses, laboratory diagnosis

Entre 1982 y 1991 se analizaron en el Laboratorio de Micología del Hospital Universitario del Valle (H.U.V.), en Cali, Colombia, un total de 377 pacientes con diagnostico de otitis de etiología a aclarar; se seleccionaron 113 casos de los cuales 107 mostraron examen directo y cultivo positivo para hongos, mientras que en 6 el examen directo reveló la presencia de estructuras micoticas pero los cultivos fueron negativos. Se analiza la frecuencia de los agentes causales, la distribución de la micosis de acuerdo con el sexo, los factores predisponentes y los métodos de diagnostico en el laboratorio. El hongo Aspergillus flavus fue el agente causal mas aislado (33.3 por ciento) siguiendole en orden de frecuencia Candida sp (26.3 por ciento). El sexo femenino se vio afectado en mayor proporción (53.1 por ciento). Factores como el calor, la humedad excesiva, el cambio de PH, algunos elementos nutricionales, la manipulación con materiales variados y el uso de esteroides favorecen el desarrollo de la infección. La combinación del examen directo y/o cultivo (seriado) permiten confirmar la etiología del proceso, para brindar un tratamiento adecuado y mejorar el pronostico de la micosis

Herpes simplex virus and genital infections in Thai pregnant women.

Vaginal swabs were collected monthly from 100 asymptomatic Thai pregnant women as well as from 11 pregnant women with herpetic lesions of the vulva for isolations of HVH, mycoplasma and gonorrhoea. In asymptomatic mothers, 25% and 21% of cases were positive for HVH and mycoplasma respectively. Mixed infections of HVH and mycoplasma, and HVH and gonorrhoea were also found in 27% and 1% of cases respectively. Follow-up in asymptomatic pregnant women and those with herpetic lesions showed positive HVH fluctuations throughout the course of study. Positive HVH was recovered from 48% of amniotic fluid and 32% of breast milk of asymptomatic pregnant women with positive HVH genital isolates, and in 72.7% of aminotic fluid and 36.4% of breast milk in patients with herpetic lesions. HVH was also isolated from 84% of infants of asymptomatic mothers positive for HVH, and 100% of patients with herpetic ulcer. HVH was isolated most frequently from the throat and also from nose, eyes, and ears but with less frequency. IgM antibodies were found in three infants born of asymptomatic mother and in one infant of a mother with herpetic lesion. The low percentage of IgM antibody was interpreted to mean that the HVH isolated from the newborn infants were acquired during passage through the birth canal.