Sujets)
Humains , Enfant , Otite moyenne/traitement médicamenteux , Antibactériens/administration et posologie , Otite moyenne/classification , Otite moyenne/diagnostic , Otite moyenne suppurée/diagnostic , Otite moyenne suppurée/traitement médicamenteux , Otite moyenne sécrétoire/diagnostic , Otite moyenne sécrétoire/traitement médicamenteux , Maladie aigüe , Guides de bonnes pratiques cliniques comme sujetRésumé
We report the application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to the diagnosis and evaluation of otitis media (OM). Whereas conventional diagnostic modalities for OM, including standard and pneumatic otoscopy, are limited to visualizing the surface of the tympanic membrane (TM), OCT effectively reveals the depth-resolved microstructure below the TM with very high spatial resolution, with the potential advantage of its use for diagnosing different types of OM. We examined the use of 840-nm spectral domain-OCT (SD-OCT) clinically, using normal ears and ears with the adhesive and effusion types of OM. Specific features were identified in two-dimensional OCT images of abnormal TMs, compared to images of healthy TMs. Analysis of the A-scan (axial depth scan) identified unique patterns of constituents within the effusions. The OCT images could not only be used to construct a database for the diagnosis and classification of OM but OCT might also represent an upgrade over current otoscopy techniques.
Sujets)
Adulte , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Conduit auditif externe/anatomie et histologie , Trompe auditive/physiologie , Otite moyenne/classification , Tomographie par cohérence optique/instrumentation , Membrane du tympan/physiologieRésumé
We report the application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to the diagnosis and evaluation of otitis media (OM). Whereas conventional diagnostic modalities for OM, including standard and pneumatic otoscopy, are limited to visualizing the surface of the tympanic membrane (TM), OCT effectively reveals the depth-resolved microstructure below the TM with very high spatial resolution, with the potential advantage of its use for diagnosing different types of OM. We examined the use of 840-nm spectral domain-OCT (SD-OCT) clinically, using normal ears and ears with the adhesive and effusion types of OM. Specific features were identified in two-dimensional OCT images of abnormal TMs, compared to images of healthy TMs. Analysis of the A-scan (axial depth scan) identified unique patterns of constituents within the effusions. The OCT images could not only be used to construct a database for the diagnosis and classification of OM but OCT might also represent an upgrade over current otoscopy techniques.
Sujets)
Adulte , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Conduit auditif externe/anatomie et histologie , Trompe auditive/physiologie , Otite moyenne/classification , Tomographie par cohérence optique/instrumentation , Membrane du tympan/physiologieRésumé
OBJECTIVES: To find out the prevalence of otitis media in school going children from lower socio-economic strata. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was carried out in a government school, Shree Naragram Secondary School in Morang district, eastern Nepal, and included 1050 children aged between 5-15 years. RESULTS: Of the 1050 school children, 346 children were found to have various ENT related problems. Hearing assessment revealed a conductive hearing loss on one or both sides in 114 cases (87%). Various middle ear pathologies were detected in these children, out of which chronic suppurative otitis media "Tubotympanic type" was the most common, followed by otitis media with effusion. The prevalence of otitis media in these children was found to be13.2% and those with hearing loss comprised 12.47%. Prevalence of otitis media is found to be much higher in school going children as compared to adults, and is even higher amongst children belonging to the lower socio-economic strata. Conditions complicating otitis media are more common and severe in children as compared to adults. CONCLUSION: Primary ear care education to teachers, students and guardians can prevent these vulnerable children from developing hearing impairment. School based study could be one of the useful and cost-effective modality aimed at community oriented program.
Sujets)
Adolescent , Répartition par âge , Audiométrie , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Femelle , Perte d'audition , Humains , Mâle , Népal/épidémiologie , Otite moyenne/classification , Prévalence , Facteurs socioéconomiquesRésumé
Otitis media [OM] is a serious healthcare concern worldwide. Acute otitis media is over-diagnosed. Symptoms are neither sensitive nor specific for the diagnosis of otitis media. Four characteristics of the tympanic membrane - position, mobility, color and degree of translucency should be evaluated and described in every examination. The most notable trends in the bacteriology of AOM during the past decade have been a rise in the proportion of patients infected with drug-resistant S. pneumoniae and an overall increase in beta-lactamase-producing H. influenza and M. catarrhalis. Antibiotic resistance to otogenic organisms occurs more frequently nowadays. Surgical management of otitis media is also discussed in this review
Sujets)
Médecins de famille , Revue de la littérature , Otite moyenne/classification , Otite moyenne/épidémiologie , Otite moyenne/diagnostic , Otite moyenne/microbiologie , Otite moyenne/physiopathologieRésumé
En niños, la otitis media aguda plantea varios problemas diagnósticos y terapéuticos. En este artículo se revisan los siguientes aspectos de esta entidad: epidemiología, factores de riesgo, fisiopatología, auxiliares del diagnóstico, etiología y tratamiento. Asimismo, se comentan puntos relevantes de su historia natural y de la clasificación más común de este tipo de inflamación
Sujets)
Humains , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Enfant , Otite moyenne/classification , Otite moyenne/diagnostic , Otite moyenne/étiologie , Otite moyenne/physiopathologie , Otite moyenne/traitement médicamenteux , Maladie aigüe , Azithromycine/usage thérapeutique , Amoxicilline/usage thérapeutiqueRésumé
La Otitis Media, es uno de los motivos de consulta más frecuentes en pediatría. Por eso es necesario que manejemos muy bien los aspectos más importantes de esta enfermedad. Realizamos una revisión bibliográfica de este tema, haciendo énfasis en la etiopatogenia, métodos diagnósticos y tratamiento, esperando que esta sirva para el manejo óptimo de dicha patología