Effect of Topical Erythropoietin (EPO) on palatal wound healing subsequent to Free Gingival Grafting (FGG)

Abstract Free gingival grafting, the most predictable technique to increase the keratinized gingiva, leaves an open wound on the palate and the resulting discomfort during the healing phase is a significant concern. This study was intended to evaluate the effect of topical erythropoietin on healing of the donor site. Twelve patients lacking an attached gingiva at two sites in the mandible were included. In the test group, 1 mL of gel containing erythropoietin at a concentration of 4,000 IU mL-1 was applied to the donor site, whereas the control group was treated with 2 mL of the gel alone. On the second day after surgery, the same procedure was repeated. H2O2 was used to evaluate the amount of epithelialization. Clinical healing was compared using photographs and direct examination. The EPO group showed significantly better keratinization only on day 21. Comparison of clinical healing based on direct examination revealed significantly better healing in the test group on day 28. Furthermore, inflammation in the test group was lower than in the control group on the same day. Topical application of EPO improves palatal wound healing during the third and fourth weeks after free gingival graft procedures.

Efficacy of curcumin in treating palatal changes associated with reverse smoking / Eficácia da curcumina no tratamento de alterações do palato associadas ao fumo reverso

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of curcumin preparation on the palatal changes associated with reversesmoking. Materials and methods: The study sample was divided into two groups with ten reverse smokingpatients each. Group A patients were advised to use curcumin oral gel on an acrylic palatal plate whereasgroup B patients were instructed about the benefits of smoking cessation. Clinical and cytological smearexaminations were performed at the first visit and at the end of the third visit. Data obtained was subjectedto statistical analysis. Results: Evident improvement with reduction in size and severity of the clinical lesionwas observed among the study group at both first and third visits (p < 0.001, significant). However, thecytological appearances remained the same in all the cases, except for three cases from the study group,which demonstrated a transition from moderate dysplastic features to milder dysplastic features (p = 0.28,not significant). Conclusion: Due to its diverse array of molecular targets, curcumin affords great potentialas a therapeutic agent for precancerous and cancerous conditions. Results from our pilot study have clearlyshown that curcumin is effective in the treatment of the palatal changes associated with reverse smoking.

Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia da curcumina sobre as alterações palatais associadas ao fumo reverso. Materiaise métodos: A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos com dez pacientes fumantes cada. No grupo A os pacientesforam aconselhados a usar o gel de curcumina oral em uma placa de acrílico palatina, enquanto os pacientesdo grupo B foram instruídos sobre os benefícios da cessação tabágica. Exames de esfregaço citológico e examesclínicos foram realizados na primeira visita e no fim da terceira visita. Os dados obtidos foram submetidosà análise estatística. Resultados: Observou-se evidente melhora na redução do tamanho e na gravidadeda lesão clínica no grupo de estudo em ambas as visitas (p < 0,001, significativo). No entanto, a aparênciacitológica permaneceu a mesma em todos os casos, exceto em três casos do grupo de estudo, os quais demonstraramuma transição de características displásicas moderadas para leves (p = 0,28; não significativo).Conclusão: A curcumina, em virtude de seu conjunto diversificado de alvos moleculares, proporciona umgrande potencial como agente terapêutico para as condições cancerosas e pré-cancerosas. Os resultados donosso estudo piloto mostraram claramente que a curcumina é eficaz no tratamento das alterações palataisassociadas ao fumo reverso.

Histometric Study of the Epithelium of Rats Submitted to Ethanol During Lactation / Estudio Histométrico del Epitelio de Ratas Sometidas al Etanol Durante la Lactancia

The present work studied the adverse effects of maternal exposure of rats to alcohol during lactation, on the development of their offspring. Histometric evaluation by karyometry and of the palatine epithelium of the sucking was performed. Two groups of animals, one coming from mothers exposed to drinking water containing 20% ethanol during the total lactation period and the other of controls coming from mothers receiving only alcohol-free drinking water during this period. On the 21 first day of lactation the young of each group were aleatorily selected and following anesthesia, their heads severed; after histological treatment, serial 6 -J,m sections on the frontal plane at the molar level, stained with hematoxilin and eosin, were obtained. The experimental results produced, suggest that suckling from ethanol-treated mothers, show a significant decrease of body weight, significant alterations of karyometric and stereological measurements that determined hypotrophy of palatine epithelial cells and toxicity of ethanol at the palatine epithelium.

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo estudiar en ratas los efectos adversos de la exposición materna al alcohol durante la lactancia, en el desarollo de sus crías. Fue evaluado histométricamente (cariometría y estereología) el epitelio palatino de las críass. Fueron utilizados dos grupos: uno tratado con etanol al 20% en agua de bebedero, durante toda la lactancia; y control, recibió solamente agua. En el día 21° de la lactancia, cinco crías de cada uno de los grupos, fueron seleccionadas al azar, anestasiadas las cabezas de ellas fueron separadas de los cuerpos. Después del tratamiento histológico, fueron obtenidos cortes seriados de 6 um del plano frontal, a nivel de los molares y coloreados con hematoxilina eosina. Los resultados sugieren que lactantes de las madres tratadas con etanol al 20% en el bebedero, presentaron disminución significativa del peso corporal, alteraciones importantes de las medidas cariométricas y estereológicas, que determinaron hipotrofia de las células epiteliales del paladar y toxicidad del etanol en el epitelio palatino.

Efeitos da Luffa operculata sobre o epitélio do palato de rã: aspectos histológicos / Luffa operculata effects on the epithelium of frog palate: histological features

Luffa operculata é o nome botânico da buchinha-do-norte ou cabacinha, uma planta medicinal usada popularmente no tratamento das rinites e rinossinusites. Na Europa e nos EUA, está em medicamentos homeopáticos. No Brasil, a infusão (chá) do fruto seco de Luffa operculata é utilizada para inalacão ou instilacão nasal, resultando em liberacão profusa de muco que alivia os sintomas nasossinusais, mas há relatos freqüentes de irritacão nasal, epistaxe e anosmia. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Experimental. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Avaliamos os efeitos da infusão de Luffa operculata em diferentes concentracões, no modelo experimental do palato isolado de rã, examinando 46 palatos após imersão. Quatro grupos (n=10) foram testados com infusão feita em Ringer-rã (solucão isotônica): controle; 60mg/l; 600mg/l e 1200mg/l. Um grupo foi testado em água (600mg/l H2O, n=6). Coletamos amostras do epitélio para estudo histológico à microscopia-de-luz e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. RESULTADOS: Nos palatos tratados, os achados à microscopia-de-luz mostram lesões epiteliais de padrão tóxico, dose-dependentes. Na microscopia eletrônica, aumento dos espacos intercelulares e ruptura de tight junctions apontam para anormalidade no transporte iônico e de fluidos. CONCLUSÕES: A infusão de Luffa operculata, nas concentracões utilizadas popularmente, promove alteracões significantes na estrutura e ultraestrutura epitelial deste modelo ex vivo de mucosa respiratória.

Effects of formaldehyde on the frog's mucociliary epithelium as a surrogate to evaluate air pollution effects on the respiratory epithelium

The increasing use of alcohol as an alternative fuel to gasoline or diesel can increase emission of formaldehyde, an organic gas that is irritant to the mucous membranes. The respiratory system is the major target of air pollutants and its major defense mechanism depends on the continuous activity of the cilia and the resulting constant transportation of mucous secretion. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of formaldehyde on the ciliated epithelium through a relative large dose range around the threshold limit value adopted by the Brazilian legislation, namely 1.6 ppm (1.25 to 5 ppm). For this purpose, the isolated frog palate preparation was used as the target of toxic injury. Four groups of frog palates were exposed to diluted Ringer solution (control, N = 8) and formaldehyde diluted in Ringer solution at three different concentrations (1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 ppm, N = 10 for each group). Mucociliary clearance and ciliary beat frequency decreased significantly in contact with formaldehyde at the concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 ppm after 60 min of exposure (P<0.05). We conclude that relatively low concentrations of formaldehyde, which is even below the Brazilian threshold limit value, are sufficient to cause short-term mucociliary impairment

Effect of intraamniotic vitamin A on palatal closure of fetal rats.

On day 15 of gestation, intraamniotic vitamin A in a dose of 150 IU was administered to the fetal rats to examine its effect on palatal closure. Fetuses subjected to only amniocentesis acted as control for the study. The fetuses were recovered on day 19, 20 and 21, respectively. Vitamin A resulted in poor development of palatine shelves. There was no clear demarcation of the base and the free margins of the shelves were either rounded or blunted with poor attempt towards closure. In the vitamin A group, the incidence of cleft palate were similar in all three days while there was a gradual decline with increasing gestational age in the amniocentesis group. The results suggest that unlike amniocentesis, in vitamin A treated fetuses, there was no attempt towards a delayed closure of the palate.

Estudo do efeito teratogênico da ciclofosfamida em ratos: morfologia, morfometria e esterologia do palato fetal / Cyclophosphamide teratogenic effect in rats: morfology, morfometry and stereology of the fetal palate

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a ação da ciclofosfamida no feto, na placenta, no comprimento do cordão umbilical e no palato de filhotes de ratas tratadas com a droga durante a gestação, foram utilizados 14 ratas albinas rattus norvegicus, variedade wistar, sendo 7 para o grupo controle e 7 para o grupo tratado com a ciclofosfamida, nossos resultados sugerem que a ciclofosfamida é teratogênica para os fetos, compromete o peso fetal, da placenta, o comprimento do cordão umbilical e a histologia do palato duro e mole dos fetos tratados

Morphologic, morphometric and stereologic analysis of palatine mucosa of rat fetuses after methylmercury administration to the dams during pregnancy

El cloruro de metilmercurio, administrado oralmente a ratas wistar en el día 10 de la gestación (20 mg/kg), originó fetos y placentas menores y cordones umbilicales más cortos. Las incidencias de mortalidad y de reabsorciones se encontraron aumentadas. Histológicamente, el epitelio del paladar duro fue más fino, debido a la reducción significativa del espesor de capa espinosa, con células de menor tamaño y más numerosas. Por otro lado, el epitelio del paladar blando no mostró alteraciones del espesor, y las células presentaron las mismas características. Morfométriucamente, el vólumen celular estaba disminuido en los epitelios del paladar duro y blando. La densidad numérica celular fue mayor en los epitelios del paladar blando y duro. No se observaron alteraciones del espesor de la queratina en el epitelio de los dos regiones palatinas.

Efeitos da ivermectina sobre o fechamento do palato e sobre o desenvolvimento do germe dental de camundongos / Effects of ivermectin on palate closure and tooth germ development

Camundongos fêmeas prenhes foram injetadas no 14§ dia de gestaçäo com 200 µg/kg de peso corporal de ivermectina. Os filhotes foram sacrificados 1, 5 e 10 dias após o nascimento, e as cabeças processadas histologicamente para análise do palato e dos germes dentais. Os resultados näo mostraram diferenças no desenvolvimento, pois o palato estava fechado e os germes dentais dos animais tratados eram semelhantes aos dos animais controle. Desse modo, nas condiçöes experimentais deste trabalho, a ivermectina näo se mostrou tóxica às células, permitindo um desenvolvimento das estruturas analisadas com características compatíveis com as encontradas nos animais controle e com as descritas na literatura

Efectos histológios de la aplicación tópica al alcohol sobre mucosa palatina y lingual de ratón / Histological effects of topic alcohol administration on palate and lingual mouse mucosa

Los efectos tópicos del alcohol sobre la mucosa oral son poco conocidos a pesar del grave problema del alcoholismo a nivel mundial y del difundido uso de colutorios en solución alcohólica. Para probar la hipótesis de que la acción directa del alcohol produce mayor daño en epitelios orales menos queratinizados, se aplicó alcohol absoluto durante 60 seg. en mucosa palatina y cara ventral de la lengua a 20 ratones "Mus-musculus" CF-1. Diez de ellos se sacrificaron a los 5 min. y los otros 10 a los 60 min. de aplicado el etanol. Los grupos control recibieron suero fisiológico y fueron tratados en idénticas condiciones. Se obtuvieron muestras para microscopía óptica de ambas mucosas