Neoplasias do trato alimentar superior de bovinos associadas ao consumo espontâneo de samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) / Neoplasms of the upper digestive tract of cattle associated with spontaneous ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum)

Foram estudados 30 bovinos com neoplasias no trato alimentar superior (TAS) associadas ao consumo espontâneo de samambaia (Pteridium aquilinum) provenientes de 27 propriedades rurais, sendo 23 no município de Jaguari e quatro em Nova Esperança do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. A população bovina total das 27 propriedades em que ocorreram os casos era de 1.090 bovinos e havia quantidade abundante de samambaia nas áreas de pastoreio dos animais. Vinte e seis bovinos eram vacas e 4 eram machos castrados. A idade variou de 3 a 13 anos, sendo o maior número de casos entre 7 e 8 anos (46,6 por cento). Os sinais clínicos observados incluíram emagrecimento progressivo, atonia ruminal, tosse, disfagia, regurgitação, halitose, diarréia e timpanismo. Outros sinais clínicos menos freqüentes foram apetite seletivo, dispnéia e salivação. Dois bovinos tiveram morte espontânea e 28 foram submetidos à eutanásia em estágios avançados da doença e necropsiados. Os principais achados macroscópicos e histológicos observados nos 30 bovinos localizavam-se nos mesmos locais do TAS e consistiram de papilomas, papilomas em transformação para carcinomas de células escamosas (CCEs) e CCEs. Metástases de CCEs para linfonodos regionais e outros órgãos (como fígado e pulmões) foram também observadas (18/30). Vinte e nove bovinos tinham papilomas de diversos tamanhos, sendo a quantidade variável entre leve (45 por cento), moderada (38 por cento) e acentuada (17 por cento). Nos papilomas examinados microscopicamente, foram observadas três fases de desenvolvimento: a) fase de inicial de crescimento, b) fase de desenvolvimento, e c) fase de regressão. Em 16 bovinos, observou-se a transformação maligna de papilomas em CCEs. Os CCEs eram únicos (12/30) ou múltiplos (18/30) e variaram quanto ao grau de diferenciação celular entre bem, moderadamente ou pouco diferenciados. Quando a distribuição dos CCEs de maior extensão foi agrupada em regiões cranial (base da língua, faringe/orofaringe, epiglote), média...

Thirty bovine with neoplasms of the upper digestive tract (UDT) associated with spontaneous ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) were studied. They were from 27 farms, located in the municipalities of Jaguari (23) and Nova Esperança do Sul (4), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The total cattle population in those farms was 1,090 and large amounts of bracken fern were found in the pastures. Twenty-six of the affected cattle were cows and four were castrated males, 3-13 years of age; most of them were 7-8 years old (46,6%). Clinical signs observed in the affected animals were progressive weight loss, absence of ruminal movements, cough, dysphagia, regurgitation, halitosis, diarrhea, and bloat. Less frequent signs were selective appetite, dyspnea, and salivation. Two bovine died and 28 were submitted to euthanasia in advanced stage of disease and necropsied. The main gross and microscopic alterations were found in identical areas of the UDT. They consisted of papillomas, transforming papillomas, and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Metastases of SCCs to regional lymph nodes and other organs, such as liver and lungs, were also observed (18/30). Twenty-nine bovine had papillomas of various sizes in several areas of the UDT. The digestive papillomatosis ranged from mild (45%), to moderate (38%), to severe (17%). Three developing phases were observed microscopically in the examined papillomas: an early growing phase, a developing phase, and a regressing phase. In 16 cases, there was malignant transformation of papillomas into SCCs. The SCCs were solitary (12/30) or multiple (18/30) and were histologically well, moderately, or poorly differentiated. Grouping the distribution of SCCs of larger extension in the UDT into cranial region (base of the tongue, pharynx/oropharynx, and epiglottis), medial region (esophagus), and caudal region (cardia and rumen), the distribution was cranial in 39%, middle in 16%, and caudal in 45% of the cases. By the same grouping...

Virus de papiloma humano: Revisión e indicaciones terapéuticas / Human papillomavirus: Review of the different therapeutic modalities

La infección por virus de papiloma humano constituye una de las más frecuentes enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Dentro de los más de 100 tipos de virus descriptos hasta el momento, varios de los mismos son capaces de inducir transformación maligna de las células huésped. El presente trabajo consiste en una revisión de las diferentes modalidades terapéuticas utilizando una estrategia de medicina basada en evidencia.

The infection by human papillomavirus is one of the most frequent sexually transmitted diseases. Among more than 100 types of HPV described, several are capable of inducing malignant transformation in host cells. This work intend to review the different therapeutic modalities using an evidence based medicine strategy.

Mecanismo de infección y transformación neoplásica producido por virus papiloma humano en el epitelio cervical / Infection mechanism and neoplastic transformation produced by human papilloma virus in cervical epithelium

Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica del mecanismo de infección y transformación neoplásica producida por el virus papiloma humano, de alto riesgo oncogénico, en el epitelio cervical. Se expone la interacción cápside receptor, internalización celular, expresión de genes tempranos, integración del genoma viral al de la célula huésped y algunos mecanismos vinculados a la proliferación y desarrollo neoplásico.

Lesiones preinvasoras de cuello uterino: una visión actual / Preinvasive injuries of uterine cervix: a current view

En Chile se producen anualmente alrededor de 1200 nuevos casos de cáncer cérvico-uterino y 677 muertes por año (tasa de mortalidad: 8,4/100.000 mujeres). La relación entre el virus papiloma humano de alto riesgo y este cáncer, es la más fuerte e importante de la epidemiología mundial. Se analiza en detalle el rol del virus papiloma en la carcinogénesis cervical y el rol de la tipificación viral en el estudio y manejo de la citología alterada, tanto en la literatura internacional como su aplicación en el modelo chileno.

Condyloma acuminatum: its histopathological pattern

Condyloma acuminatum is one of the clinical manifestations of papillomavirus infection. The classical histopathological features are already known and do not constitute a diagnostic problem. Clinically it has been classified into growth or proliferative, full-expression, and regressive or persistent phases, with the histopathological aspects of these distinct phases being well documented in equine cutaneous papillomas. We have designed a protocol of histopathological analysis in order to investigate the possibility of indentifying the evolutional phases in human condylomata acuminata. Sixty condylomata acuminata from the files of the Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, were studied regarding koilocytosis, paraceratosis, acantosis, basal cell hyperplasia and mononuclear cell infiltrate. After an individual analysis and comparison of the cases, the main differential aspects of condyloma acuminatum were: koilocytosis, transepithelial lymphocytic infiltrate and basal cell hyperplasia. Thus, condylomatous lesions can be histopathologically differentiated in three major patterns: proliferative, viral replication activity and regressive.

Conceptos actuales sobre la infección por virus del papiloma humano / Current concepts on infection by human papiloma virus

El virus del papiloma humano presenta un problema multidimensional para los ginecólogos y urólogos. La incidencia de la infección por el virus del papiloma humano (IVPH), se ha incrementado de tal forma que actualmente es la infección viral más frecuente del aparato genital. El VHP se transmite por contacto sexual, pero no se ha precisado el mecanismo exacto de infección a nivel de la interacción virus-células del huésped. Las consecuencias a largo plazo de la mayoría de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual son más serias para las mujeres que para los hombres. La mayoría cursa con pocos síntomas, por lo que frecuentemente no son tratadas, lo que resulta en una serie de consecuencias adversas como son los embarazos ectópicos, la esterilidad e infertilidad, infeccción transplacentaria del feto, para parto prematuro e infección del recién nacido a través del canal del parto contaminado. En adición la IVPH a nivel genital es asociada con displasia cervical y puede ser cofactor en el desarrollo de cáncer cervical. El tratamiento es múltiple e incluye agentes citotóxicos, cirugía, inmunoterapia y abrasión por láser