Caso Clínico: Parálisis Periódica Hipopotasémica / Case Report: Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis

INTRODUCCIÓN: La parálisis periódica hipopotasémica es una enfermedad poco frecuente. Se caracteriza por episodios de debilidad muscular o plejia, reversible con la normalización de los niveles de potasio. Al ser una entidad poco común, el reporte del presente caso será de utilidad para el diagnóstico diferencial de la debilidad muscular aguda. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente masculino de 22 años de edad, que posterior a ejercicio físico extenuante e ingesta moderada de hidratos de carbono y alcohol, presenta debilidad muscular aguda de miembros superiores e inferiores. EVOLUCIÓN: Al ingreso se realizó el diagnóstico de polirradiculoneuropatía desmielinizante aguda, administrándose una dosis de inmunoglobulina humana. Sin embargo, una vez obtenidos los resultados de laboratorio, se evidenció un potasio sérico de 2.4 mEq/L. Se inició la reposición con cloruro potásico en infusión. El paciente fue valorado por neurología y genética, con base en la anamnesis, examen físico, laboratorios y cuadro clínico del paciente, se realizó el diagnóstico de parálisis periódica hipopotasémica. Paciente presentó una evolución favorable, recibiendo el alta al cuarto día de hospitalización. CONCLUSIONES: La parálisis periódica hipopotasémica es una entidad poco frecuente, raramente incluida en el diagnóstico diferencial de la debilidad muscular aguda. La identificación oportuna y la consejería apropiada son esenciales para la prevención de complicaciones potencialmente mortales para el paciente.

BACKGROUND: Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare disease, characterized by episodes of limb muscle weakness, reversible with the normalization of potassium levels. Being a rare entity, this report will be useful for the differential diagnosis of acute muscle weakness. CASE REPORT: A 22-year-old male patient, who after strenuous physical activity and a moderate intake of carbohydrates and alcohol, presented acute muscle weakness of the upper and lower limbs. EVOLUTION: On admission, the patient was diagnosed of acute demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, administering a dose of human immunoglobulin. However, once the laboratory results were available, a serum potassium of 2.4 mEq/L was evidenced. The replacement was started with potassium chloride in infusion. The patient was evaluated by neurology and genetics. Based on the anamnesis, physical examination, laboratories and clinical picture of the patient, the diagnosis of hypokalemic periodic paralysis was made. Patient presented a favorable evolution, receiving discharge on the fourth day of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is an uncommon disease, rarely included in the differential diagnosis of acute muscle weakness. Timely identification and appropriate counseling are essential for the prevention of life-threatening complications.

Parálisis aislada del nervio circunflejo en deportistas de contacto / Isolated axillary nerve palsy in contact sports

Introducción: La parálisis del nervio circunflejo es la más frecuente entre los nervios periféricos del hombro. Esta lesión de difícil diagnóstico, implica una seria complicación en los deportes de contacto. El objetivo de éste trabajo es reportar los resultados del tratamiento conservador de 18 casos de parálisis aislada del nervio circunflejo causada por traumatismos directos del hombro en deportistas de contacto, sin luxación glenohumeral. Material y Método: Se evaluaron retrospectivamente con un seguimiento mínimo de 2 años, 18 jugadores de rugby, con diagnóstico de parálisis post-traumática del nervio circunflejo. Se evaluó la recuperación de la función, la fuerza y sensibilidad del músculo deltoides y el tiempo en retorno a la actividad deportiva. Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados con el score de ASES. Resultados: La función y la fuerza del músculo deltoides se recuperaron totalmente en 13 pacientes...

Guillain Barre syndrome [GBS], the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis at peoples medical college hospital Nawabshah

To identify and treat the acute flaccid paralysis in interior of Sindh reported at PMCH Nawabshah. Retrospective, with proper date and record. Medicine and ICU Department at Peoples Medical College Hospital Nawabshah from 31[st] January to 31[st] October 2009. Patients of all 3 medical units were involved in the study during this period. 50 patients with acute flaccid paralysis [AFP] were admitted in Intensive Care Unit of Peoples medical college Hospital Nawabshshah with support of all emergency measures and were evaluated. 50 patients presented with AFP during study period. 40 were males and 10 were females. GBS was the leading cause of AFP. Majority of the patients were young, out come was excellent. 2 patients died due to respiratory failure. GBS is the leading cause of AFP in adults in interior of the Sindh while facilities for treatment are limited, which need to be extended in the hospitals situated in interior of Pakistan i.e. ICU and plasmopharesis

Estimulação elétrica neuromuscular em crianças com paralisia cerebral do tipo diplegia espástica / Neuromuscular electric stimulation in children with spastic diplegia

Nos últimos anos, vários estudos propuseram a utilização da estimulação elétrica como forma de tratamento da paralisia cerebral(PC). Objetivo: Utilizando um delineamento do tipo antes e depois(within-subjects design) buscou-se avaliar os efeitos da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM) nas habilidades motoras de criançascom PC do tipo diplegia espástica. Material e método: Doze pacientes(8 do sexo masculino, média de idade 6 anos) foram avaliados antese depois de 12 semanas de terapia utilizando EENM. As habilidades motoras foram avaliadas através da escala de função motora grossa(GMFM), parâmetros lineares da marcha e amplitude de movimento(ADM) de fl exão dorsal dos tornozelos. Resultados: A diferença entre as médias dos escores da GMFM foram estatisticamente signifi cativos (P = 0,032) quando comparados antes (73,1 ± 17,2)e depois (76,5 ± 16,3) da intervenção com EENM. Quando ospacientes foram classificados quanto à independência para marcha,o escore da GMFM permaneceu signifi cativo apenas nas crianças dependentes de auxílio para marcha (P = 0,045). O parâmetro decadência da marcha diferiu antes e depois da EENM no grupo decrianças independentes para marcha (P = 0,030). Conclusões: Este estudo demonstrou que a EENM pode ser uma ferramenta complementarno manejo de crianças PC do tipo diplégica espástica.Os mecanismos pelos quais a EENM melhora a função motora nãoestão totalmente esclarecidos.

Introduction: For the last years, several studies have proposed theuse of electric stimulation as a valid therapy for cerebral palsy (CP).Aims: Using a within-subjects design, we set out to determine the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the motorskills of children with spastic diplegic CP. Materials and methods:Twelve patients (8 male, mean age 6 years), were evaluated beforeand after 12 weeks of therapy with NMES. Motor abilities were accomplished by using the gross motor function measure (GMFM),linear parameters of gait, and ankle dorsifl exion range of movement. Results: The mean scores of GMFM were significantly different (P =0.032) before (73.1 ± 17.2) and after (76.5 ± 16.3) the intervention with NMES. When patients were classified for gait dependence, the GMFM scores remained significant only for children dependent ofaid (P = 0.045). The cadence parameter of gait significantly differ before and after NMES in the group of CP children independent forgait (P = 0.030). Conclusions: Th is study demonstrated that NMESmight be a complementary tool for the handling of children with spastic diplegic CP. The mechanisms by which NMES improves themotor function are yet not established.

Transferencia del trapecio en la parálisis del plexo braquial / Translocation du trapèze dans la paralysie du plexus brachial / Transfer of the trapezius in brachial plexus palsy

Después las lesiones severas del plexo braquial que provocan parálisis del hombro, algunas veces se requieren operaciones reconstructivas para restaurar la función; por lo que es preciso utilizar varios músculos para realizar la transferencia. Se trataron 15 pacientes con lesiones del hombro que se les aplicó la técnica de Mayer, para realizar la transferencia del trapecio hacia el húmero. En los resultados obtenidos se constató 10 casos con pronóstico bueno, 4 casos regular y 1 caso de malo. En 14 pacientes se logró un hombro estable. La transferencia del trapecio brindó una mejor función con respecto a la artrodesis en la parálisis del hombro.

After severe injures in the brachial plexus causing shoulder paralysis, reconstructive surgery is sometimes required to restore the previous function, so it is necessary to use several muscles to make the transfer. Fifteen patients with shoulder injures were treated with Mayer´s technique to transfer the trapezius to the humerus. The results showed 10 cases with good prognosis, 4 cases with regular prognosis and 1 with bad outcome. Stabilized shoulder was possible in 14 patients. The transfer of the trapezius provided a better function than arthrodesis in the shoulder paralysis.

Après les lésions sévères du plexus brachial provoquant la paralysie de l'épaule, il faut parfois des chirurgies réparatrices afin de restaurer la fonction, il est donc nécessaire d'utiliser plusieurs muscles pour faire une translocation. Quinze patients atteints de lésions scapulaires ont été traités par la technique de Mayer pour faire la transposition du trapèze vers l'humérus. On a pu constater que 10 cas ont eu un bon pronostic, 4 un pronostic passable, et 1 un pronostic mauvais. On a réussi la consolidation de l'épaule chez 14 patients. La transposition du trapèze a permis d'obtenir une meilleure récupération qu'avec une arthrodèse dans les cas de paralysie de l'épaule.

Pharmacological and phytochemical investigations on moringa oleifera lam

Sahajna [Moringa oleifera Lam.] is a plant drug used in Unani System of Medicine since long. It is useful in the treatment of various diseases like paralysis, epilepsy, rheumatism, gout, pain, hepatitis, asthma, bronchitis, headache, and inflammatory conditions etc. The present paper is aimed to discuss the pharmacology and phytochemistry of the plant

Dissecção espontânea de artéria carótida interna com paralisia de nervos cranianos inferiores: relato de caso / Spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection with paralysis of lower cranial nerves: case report

A dissecção espontânea da artéria carótida interna é evento raro, acometendo principalmente indivíduos em idade produtiva. Como a abordagem precoce e adequada dessa doença determina quase sempre melhora significativa, torna-se evidente a necessidade de ampliar os conhecimentos sobre seus aspectos clínicos, patogênicos e fisiopatológicos, visando o diagnóstico e tratamento precoces, bem como a redução de suas possíveis seqüelas. Pelos motivos expostos, julgamos pertinente relatar o caso de um homem de 46 anos com dissecção espontânea de artéria carótida interna, com manifestações clínicas atípicas dentre as quais ressaltamos a paralisia de nervos cranianos inferiores.

Spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection is a rare event that strikes patients at their productive age. As early intervention frequently determines a significant improvement, it is important to broaden the knowledge of the clinical, pathogenic and pathophysiological aspects of this disease. The objective is making an early diagnosis and treatment to avoid a bad outcome. We report the case of a 46 years-old man with spontaneous carotid artery dissection that had an atypical manifestation characterized by sudden paralysis of lower cranial nerves.

physico-chemical study of the leaf and root of Moringa oleifera Lam

Moringa oleifera Lam. has got high reputation in Unani and Ayurvedic Systems of Medicine for its remarkable medicinal properties. The leaves and roots are recognised as valuable drugs and frequently used by many Unani physicians. The pharmacognostical and phytochemical details of root and leaf of Moringa oleifera Lam. are presented in the paper for quality control

Crisis neurológica en Tirosinemia hereditaria / Neurological crisis in hereditary Tyrosinaemia

La Tirosinemia tipo I es el resultado de un error innato en la etapa final del metabolismo de la Tirosina. Sus manifestaciones clínicas son variables, las cuales pueden verse agravadas con la aparición de crisis neurológica. El objetivo del presente trabajo es reportar el caso de una preescolar portadora de la enfermedad, que desarrolló parálisis fláccida asociada a insuficiencia respiratoria y que requirió conexión a ventilación mecánica.

Reporte de caso de parálisis hipocalémica periódica y propuesta de abordaje diagnóstico de la parálisis flácida aguda / Case report of hypocalemic periodic paralysis and proposal of diagnostic approach for the acute flacid paralysis

El diagnóstico etiológico y el manejo de la parálisis flácida aguda representan un reto frecuente para el clínico, quien debe considerar una amplia gama de causas que afectan la función neuromuscular. Se evaluó paciente femenina de 21 años sin antecedentes patológicos con cuadro agudo y rápidamente progresivo de parálisis flácida ascendente con compromiso respiratorio. Se consideró entre las etiologías el síndrome de Guillain-Barré y se solicitó electrolitos y estudio electrofisiológicos. Los estudios electrofisiológicos mostraron disminución de las velocidades y prolongación de las latencias de la conducción motora. El potasio sérico fue de 1.8 mEq/L al ingreso, la CPK fue de 2,277 U/L. La reposición intravenosa de potasio resultó en una rápida mejoría, con recuperación total de la fuerza en las primeras 12 horas de hospitalización. La paciente egresó totalmente recuperada y con pautas de seguimiento. El presente es un ejemplo de canalopatía tipo parálisis hipocalémica periódica con presentación clínica similar a la del síndrome de Guillain-Barré. Las canalopatías deben considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de las parálisis flácidas agudas. Se propone un algoritmo de diagnóstico y tratamiento para éstas

Parálisis recurrencial izquierda secundaria a aneurisma del cayado aórtico / Left recurrent paralysis secondary to aortic cavern aneurysm

La parálisis del nervio laríngeo recurrente izquierdo puede estar motivada por múltiples causas de las cuales algunas poco frecuentes, tienen naturaleza vascular. Presentamos un caso de un paciente de 73 años con parálisis recurrencial izquierda causada por un aneurisma del cayado aórtico. A propósito del cual realizamos una revisión de la literatura

Associaçäo de paralisia diafragmática bilateral e paralisia da cintura escapular após correçäo de aneurisma de aorta: relato de caso / Association between bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis and scapular girdle paralysis after aortic aneurysm correction: case report

A associaçäo de paralisia diafragmática bilateral e paralisia da cintura escapular é uma complicaçäo rara após correçäo de aneurisma de aorta ascendente. Esta associaçäo leva à uma forma grave de insuficiência respiratória cujo sucesso do desmame da ventilaçäo mecânica é dependente da capacidade da musculatura respiratória remanescente em compensar o trabalho respiratório excedente. Fisioterapia respiratória intensiva com treinamento da musculatura, correçäo dos distúrbios metabólicos, tratamento das infecçöes respiratórias associadas à ventilaçäo mecânica e otimizaçäo do suporte nutricional foram fundamentais para o sucesso do desmame

The effect of early therapeutic electrical stimulation on bone mineral density in the paralyzed limbs of the rabbit

The purpose of this animal experiment was to evaluate the changes of bone mineral density in paralyzed limbs, and to assess the effects of electrically stimulating muscle contraction upon bone mineral density (BMD) in paralyzed limbs during the four week period immediately following spinal cord injury (SCI). Ten rabbits were used for the study, spinal cords were totally transected at the T11 spine level. The paralyzed quadriceps femoris of one limb was contracted by electrical stimulation for 60-minutes daily, while the other side was not stimulated as a control. The BMD of each lower limb was measured by Dual Photon Absorptiometry before and four weeks after acute SCI. BMD of both limbs decreased in all rabbits four weeks after SCI. The decrease in BMD for stimulated and non-stimulated limbs was 6.130 +/- 3.212% and 9.098 +/- 3.831%, respectively during the four-week period after SCI. The BMD of stimulated limbs decreased significantly less than that of the non-stimulated limbs. Electrically induced muscular contraction reduced bone mineral loss in the paralyzed limb during the early stage of SCI in the rabbit.

Causticum / Causticum

La presente publicación trata sobre el uso de Causticum en veterinaria homeopática. Este remedio es raramente prescripto como medicamento constitucional y frecuentemente es olvidado como remedio local en enfermedades respiratorias, articulares, neurológicas y de piel. Este trabajo tiene por objeto demostrar la acción de Causticum en desórdenes neurológicos, centrales y periféricos. Finalmente, se presentan cierto número de casos

General paralysis-case report

The authors report a case of general paralysis in 40 years old patient hospitalized at department of psychiatry [C.H.U Monastir]. The clinical and para clinical features and the therapeutic aspects are analysed in comparison with the literature data

clinical study on hamstring transfer for quadriceps paralysis in poliomyelitis

Hamstring transfer is a satisfactory procedure in the treatment of weak paralyzed quadriceps. This restores the stability of the knee by improving the extensor nower and removing some of the deforming flexor muscles. Many patients can discard their braces after the operation. Even with poor function of the transferred muscles, there is some gain of stability and better gait