Sujets)
Humains , Médicaments essentiels/pharmacologie , Médicaments essentiels/normes , Politique Nationale de l'Assistance Pharmaceutique , Thérapeutique/normes , Préparations pharmaceutiques , Formulaires de médicaments comme sujet/normes , Pharmacopées comme sujet/normes , Services pharmaceutiques , Système de Santé Unifié , BrésilRésumé
Since 2004, the Subcommittee for Development of the National List of Essential Drugs (NLED) has embarked upon an historical evolution of applying evidence to the revision, inclusion and exclusion of medicines into and from the list. Then, the revision of the 2008 NLED was the first time in Thai history where the drug selection process in Thailand formally incorporated pharmacoeconomics. At present, the lack of a standard methodology for conducting economic evaluation is a major barrier that diminishes the potential use of economic evidence. The development of national economic evaluation guidelines by a group of national experts was subsequently endorsed by members in the Subcommittee as useful tools for future NLED revision. They emphasize that these guidelines should be applied not only to those evaluations conducted by public institutions but also by private pharmaceutical companies that often use this evidence for their marketing, or even for future requirements of economic information from industry, as complementary evidence for inclusion of health technology.
Sujets)
Prise de décision , Pharmacoéconomie , Humains , Pharmacopées comme sujet/normes , Processus politique , Guides de bonnes pratiques cliniques comme sujet , ThaïlandeRésumé
El presente documento es la consolidación del esfuerzo de un grupo de especialistas del Centro para el Desarrollo de la Farmacoepidemiología y colaboradores de distintos centros y unidades de salud del Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba. Con este pretendemos dotar a los profesionales sanitarios de una bibliografía mínima e imprescindible, que sea una herramienta útil para alcanzar el objetivo propuesto.
Sujets)
Humains , Contrôle des médicaments et des stupéfiants , Pharmacopées comme sujet/normes , Médicaments essentiels , Politique de santéRésumé
Vaccines produced in accordance with WHO formulas, differ in concentration from those used in United States according to FDA formulas. We aimed to compare the immunogenicity of both formulas. Infants who were 6 weeks old were randomly put into 3 groups to receive 3 doses of vaccines at 6 weeks, 3 months and 5 months of age. The vaccines consisted of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and oral polio vaccine. Antibody levels for polyribosylribitol phosphate [PRP], tetanus, diphtheria and poliovirus were measured 1 month after the third dose of vaccines. Although diphtheria and tetanus antigens in the FDA formula are half the concentration of the WHO formula, anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria antibodies were significantly higher. No difference was found between groups regarding oral poliovirus vaccine