Longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding reduces maternal weight retention: results from the CLaB study / Maior duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo reduz retenção de peso materno: resultados do estudo CLaB

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the relation between breastfeeding and postpartum weight reten-tion. Methods: this prospective cohort study involved 641 newborns and their mothers, followed up to twelve months postpartum. Data were collected from June 2015 to February 2017. In the first interview, we investigated data regarding socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, obstetric history, weight, and gestational age of the infant at birth. Maternal weight and breastfeeding status were obtained at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postpartum at the mother's home. A descriptive analysis of maternal weight retention according to the lactation status was performed. Multiple linear regression models evaluated the effect on exclusive breastfeeding and total breastfeeding duration on maternal weight retention at 6 and 12 months postpartum, considering potential confounders. Results: 512 and 490 mothers were evaluated at six months and at twelve months post-partum, and the mean weight retention was 1.79 (SD=5.52) and 1.69 (SD=6.69) kg, respectively. Regardless of the confounders, the mean postpartum weight reduction for each day of exclusive breastfeeding was 11 (CI95%= -0.019 to -0.003) and 16 grams (CI95%= -0.026 to -0.007) for 6 and 12 months, respectively. The total maternal breastfeeding duration had the same effect. Conclusions: longer periods of exclusive breastfeeding and total breastfeeding are associated with lower postpartum weight retention.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a relação entre aleitamento materno e retenção de peso pós-parto. Métodos. estudo de coorte prospectiva com 641 recém-nascidos/mães acompanhados até doze meses pós-parto. Os dados foram coletados de junho/2015 a fevereiro/2017; na primeira entrevista, investigou-se dados socioeconômicos, demográficos, história obstétrica, peso e idade gestacional do lactente ao nascer. Pesos maternos e situação de aleitamento dos lactentes foram obtidos aos 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses pós-parto, em domicílio. Realizou-se análise descritiva da retenção de peso materno segundo situação de aleitamento nesses períodos. Modelos de regressão linear múltiplos avaliaram o efeito da duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo e aleitamento materno sobre retenção de peso materno aos 6 e 12 meses pós-parto, considerando confundidores. Resultados: seis e doze meses pós-parto foram avaliadas 512 e 490 mães, com retenção ponderal média de 1,79 (DP=5,52) e 1,69 (DP=6,69) quilos, respectivamente. Independentemente de confundidores, cada dia a mais de aleitamento materno exclusivo reduziu, em média, 11 (IC95%= -0,019; -0,003) e 16 (IC95%= -0,026; -0,007) gramas a retenção de peso nos dois períodos. A duração do aleitamento materno total teve efeito semelhante. Conclusões: maior duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo e aleitamento materno associam-se com menor retenção de peso pós-parto.

Repercusión del proceso de atención de enfermería y profilaxis del bajo peso al nacer / Repercussion of the process of infirmary attention and prevention of the first floor weight when being born

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal prospectivo en el Hogar Materno No. 1 perteneciente al policlínico "Capitán Roberto Fleites" en Santa Clara, Villa Clara. De un universo de 20 pacientes ingresadas con riesgo de tener un recién nacido bajo peso, se tomó una muestra de 4 mujeres con embarazo gemelar a quienes se les aplicó el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería, encaminado a disminuir el bajo peso al nacer en un período de 60 días. Para este estudio se utilizó su historia clínica, se revisaron y confeccionaron registros para la recolección de los datos primarios, donde se incluyen las siguientes variables; categorías diagnósticas de Enfermería, criterio de evaluación y actuaciones de Enfermería, estadía intrahospitalaria, dieta de la embarazada, ganancia de peso materno, peso del recién nacido, tratamiento médico y se revisaron los informes estadísticos de los recién nacidos bajo peso. Los datos fueron procesados manualmente mediante el método estadístico porcentual. Al finalizar el estudio todos los recién nacidos tuvieron buen peso al nacer y se comprobó de esta forma la eficacia del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería, de las categorías diagnósticas, los criterios de evaluación, así como las actuaciones de Enfermería(AU)

A descriptive and prospective cross-sectional study was made at the Maternal Home No. 1 corresponding to "Capitán Roberto Fleites" Polyclinic in Santa Clara, Villa Clara. From a group of 20 patients admitted at risk for having a low birth weight infant, it was taken a sample of 4 women with twin pregnancy that were applied the Nursing Care Process to reduce low birth weight in a period of 60 days. Their medical histories were reviewed in this study and registries were made for collecting primary data, including the following variables: nursing diagnostic categories, intrahospital stay, diet of the expectant, maternal weight gain, birth weight and medical treatment. The statistical reports of the low birth weight infants were also reviewed. The data were manually processed by the percentage statistical method. On concluding the study, all the infants had a good birth weight, which proved the efficiency of the Nursing Care Process, of the diagnostic categories, the evaluation criteria and the nursing actions(AU)