Refrigerated storage period of Rhizophores for Yacon propagation / Períodos de armazenamento refrigerado de rizóforos para propagação de yacon

The yacon plant produces tuberous roots, used mostly for fresh consumption. This crop is propagated primarily via vegetative structures, called rhizophores. However, since these propagules have short periods of viability after harvest, storing them in cold chamber conditions may be a viable alternative to optimize yacon seedling production. The objective of this study was to test the effect of the refrigerated storage period of yacon rhizophores on seedling development. The experimental design was completely randomized, with eight replications, containing 30 useful plants per replication. Treatments were cold storage periods of propagative materials (35, 28, 21, 14, and 7 days) and a control (planting without storage). The results show that keeping rhizophores in cold storage under temperatures of 8 ºC (± 2 ºC) for a period between 21 to 35 days improves sprouting rates (speed and vigorousness), reducing seedling mortality and favoring initial yacon growth. The refrigerated storage for 21 and 35 days proved to be an alternative to achieve improved plant stand in production fields, reflecting in more uniform harvest, and minimizing the problem of seasonal availability of propagative material.Yacon, is known for its tuberous roots, which are consumed as functional food and is propagated mostly in the vegetative form, via propagules, so-called rhizophores. However, they are organs with little durability in its propagation form. Storing them in cold chamber conditions, can be a viable alternative for the seedlings production of the culture. The objective of this study was to verify the influence of the refrigerated storage period of yacon rhizophores in the initial plant development. The experimental design was completely randomized with eight replicates and six treatments and the rhizophores were place in the refrigerated storage for: 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days; and time zero (planting without storage). The results show that the rhizophores in the refrigerated storage in a temperature of 8 to 10°C, for a period between 21 to 35 days had better sprouting rate (speed and vigor), reducing mortality, which favored the initial yacon growth. The refrigerated storage between 21 and 35 days showed to be an alternative that resulted in a uniform plant stand in crops, also reflecting the uniformity in the harvest, and minimizes the problem of seasonality offering culture propagation material.

A yacon, conhecida por suas raízes tuberosas, que são consumidas como alimento funcional, é propagada em sua maioria na forma vegetativa, via propágulos, assim chamados de rizóforos. No entanto, são órgãos de pouca durabilidade na sua forma propagativa. Logo, o armazenamento dos mesmos em condições de câmara fria, pode vir a ser uma alternativa viável para a produção de mudas da cultura. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, verificar a influência do período de armazenamento refrigerado dos rizóforos de yacon no desenvolvimento inicial das plantas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com oito repetições e seis tratamentos constituídos pelos períodos de armazenamento refrigerado em que os rizóforos foram submetidos: 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias; e o tempo zero (plantio sem armazenamento). Os resultados demonstraram que o armazenamento refrigerado dos rizóforos, em temperatura de 8 a 10 ºC, por um período entre 21 a 35 dias, proporcionou melhores índices de brotação (velocidade e vigorosidade), diminuindo a taxa de mortalidade, o que favoreceu o crescimento inicial da yacon. O armazenamento refrigerado entre 21 e 35 dias apresentou ser uma alternativa que resultou em maior uniformidade na formação do estande de plantas na lavoura, inclusive repercutindo na uniformidade de colheita, além de minimizar o problema de sazonalidade da oferta de material propagativo da cultura.

Collective construction of bundle for immunobiological agents conservation best practices / Construcción colectiva de bundle para buenas prácticas de conservación de inmunobiológicos / Construção coletiva de bundle para boas práticas de conservação de imunobiológicos

ABSTRACT Objective: to construct collectively with nursing professionals bundle for best practices of cold chain maintenance of immunobiological agents conservation at the local level. Method: a qualitative research of convergent care type. Bundle construction was guided by the Evidence-Based Practice criterion. Data collection was carried out from October to December 2016, through five workshops, with the participation of 21 professionals from 7 vaccination rooms of a municipality of Minas Gerais State. The framework developed by Morse and Field was adopted for data analysis. Results: through bundle, care is taken regarding refrigeration equipment temperature monitoring, contingency plan performance, recyclable ice coil setting and chamber use as refrigeration equipment. Final considerations: the chosen interventions began to guide the practice and promote a care based on safety and quality.

RESUMEN Objectivo: construir colectivamente, con profesionales de enfermería, bundle para buenas prácticas de mantenimiento de la cadena de frío de conservación de inmunobiológicos a nivel local. Método: investigación cualitativa del tipo convergente asistencial. La construcción del bundle fue guiada por los criterios de la Práctica Basada en Evidencias. La recolección de datos fue realizada en el período de octubre a diciembre de 2016, por medio de cinco talleres, con la participación de 21 profesionales de 7 salas de vacunación de un municipio del estado de Minas Gerais. Para el análisis de los datos, se adoptó el referencial de Morse y Field. Resultados: por medio del bundle, se contemplan cuidados relativos al monitoreo de la temperatura del equipo de refrigeración, ejecución del plan de contingencia, ambientación de la bobina de hielo reciclable y el uso de la cámara como equipo de refrigeración. Consideraciones finales: las intervenciones elegidas pasaron a guiar la práctica y promover un cuidado pautado en la seguridad y calidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: construir coletivamente, com profissionais de enfermagem, bundle para boas práticas de manutenção da cadeia de frio de conservação de imunobiológicos em nível local. Método: pesquisa qualitativa do tipo convergente assistencial. A construção do bundle foi norteada pelos critérios da Prática Baseada em Evidências. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de outubro a dezembro de 2016, por meio de cinco oficinas, com a participação de 21 profissionais de 7 salas de vacinação de um município de Minas Gerais. Para análise dos dados, adotou-se o referencial de Morse e Field. Resultados: por meio do bundle, contemplam-se cuidados relativos ao monitoramento da temperatura do equipamento de refrigeração, execução do plano de contingência, ambientação da bobina de gelo reciclável e o uso da câmara como equipamento de refrigeração. Considerações finais: as intervenções eleitas passaram a nortear a prática e promover um cuidado pautado na segurança e qualidade.

Estabelecimento de protocolo para armazenamento de pele autógena refrigerada / Establishment of a protocol for storage of refrigerated autologous skin

Introdução: Enxertos de pele autólogos são utilizados em tratamento de pacientes queimados. Esses enxertos podem ser armazenados e preservados, desde que o processo de armazenamento seja realizado com rígido controle de qualidade, para garantir a redução dos riscos de infecção. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectivo na Unidade de Queimados do Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo no período de fevereiro de 2015 a julho de 2016, em que foi estabelecido um protocolo para armazenamento de pele refrigerada com controle de coleta, preservação, embalagem e registro de todos os processos. Para garantia de qualidade, foram coletadas biópsias dos enxertos para microbiologia pré e pós-armazenamento e realizado um estudo transversal de prevalência de contaminação pré e pós-estocagem. Resultados: Os pontos críticos encontrados foram inadequação de embalagem, ausência de registros de processos, falta de coleta de biópsias para microbiologia e falhas no descarte. A maior parte das amostras estava contaminada tanto pré como pós-estocagem (84,2%). Apenas dois pacientes apresentaram microbiologia estéril no pré e contaminada no pós, porém foram encontrados germes da pele do tipo gram+. Conclusão: Foi estabelecido um método promissor de armazenamento de pele refrigerada que necessita alguns pequenos ajustes para adequação ao controle de qualidade.

Introduction: Autologous skin grafts are used for treatment of burn patients. These grafts can be stored and preserved, as long as the storage process is performed with strict quality control to reduce the risk of infection. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Burn Unit of the Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo from February 2015 to July 2016. During this period, a protocol was established to store refrigerated skin, with control of collection, preservation, and packaging, and recording of all processes. To ensure quality, graft biopsies were collected for pre- and poststorage microbiology testing and a cross-sectional study for contamination was performed. Results: Critical deficiencies included inadequate packaging, lack of processing records, lack of biopsies for microbiology testing, and failure to discard specimens. Most of the samples were contaminated before and after storage (84.2%). Only two samples were sterile before storage but became contaminated after storage, with growth of Gram-positive skin bacteria. Conclusion: A promising method for the storage of refrigerated skin was established, but requires minor adjustments in quality control.

Caution needed in using oral polio vaccine beyond the cold chain: Vaccine vial monitors may be unreliable at high temperatures.

Background & objectives: Stabilized live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) is used to immunize children up to the age of five years to prevent poliomyelitis. It is strongly advised that the cold-chain should be maintained until the vaccine is administered. It is assumed, that vaccine vial monitors (VVMs) are reliable at all temperatures. VVMs are tested at 37°C and it is assumed that the labels reach discard point before vaccine potency drops to >0.6 log10. This study was undertaken to see if VVMs were reliable when exposed to high temperatures as can occur in field conditions in India. Methods: Vaccine vials with VVMs were incubated (10 vials for each temperature) in an incubator at different temperatures at 37, 41, 45 and 49.5°C. Time-lapse photographs of the VVMs on vials were taken hourly to look for their discard-point. Results: At 37 and 41°C the VVMs worked well. At 45°C, vaccine potency is known to drop to the discard level within 14 h whereas the VVM discard point was reached at 16 h. At 49.5°C the VVMs reached discard point at 9 h when these should have reached it at 3 h. Conclusion: Absolute reliance cannot be placed on VVM in situation where environmental temperatures are high. Caution is needed when using ‘outside the cold chain’ (OCC) protocols.

Effect of Nigella sativa oil on the microbial quality of chilled chicken fillets

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of addition of different concentration of Nigella sativa oil on microbial quality of chicken fillets during refrigeration for 2, 4, 7, and 10 days storage depending on bacteriological assessments. There is no effect on sensory properties [odour and appearance] of treated chicken meat fillets during storage as compared with control one. Bacteriological examinations recorded high initial bacterial counts, Most probable number of coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus and yeast and molds counts]. During refrigeration period, there was increase in bacterial counts. A series of five different oil concentrations were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal effects at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% [w /w]The results revealed that all oil percentages showed antibacterial activity against bacteria, yeast and molds on this assay. The oil at 2.0% concentration was more effective as compared to other concentrations on the bacterial count, coliforms count [MPN/gm], Staphylococcus aureus and yeast and molds counts. Therefore, Nigella sativa oil may be used as an antimicrobial agent in food products to prevent spoilage and may be used as preservative agent

Quality changes during refrigerated storage of rabbit meat

Rabbit meat obtained from 18 New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to refrigerated storage at 3 +/- 1°C and examined after 1, 5, 7, 10 and 12 days for pH value, cooking loss%, sensory properties, aerobic mesophilic count [AMC], psychrophilic count, lactic acid bacteria count [LAB] and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances [TBARS]. PH revealed a variation in its value throughout the storage period. Cooking loss% was significantly increased [P < 0.05] throughout storage period, while storage significantly decreased sensory prosperities. A significant increase [P < 0.05] was detected among all microbial counts and TBARS throughout the storage period. Data obtained suggest that rabbit meat should be rejected at the 10[th] day of refrigerated storage due to significant alterations in sensory attributes and unacceptable microbial counts

Effect of marinating solutions on quality attributes of reheated cooked beef slices during cold storage

The effect of some marinating solutious to prevent the warmed over flavor development and increase the oxidative stability and other quality attributes of reheated cooked beef slices during refrigerated storage was investigated. Beef slices samples were soaked into seven solutions 1:3 [W: V] for 15 mm. each. These solutions consisted of one or more of the following: Soya sauce, lime juice, propionic acid were used; spices mixture and smoking liquid was added to each solution. The marinated beef slices were cooked and then stored in refrigerator at 4 +/- 1°C. Refrigerated samples divided into two groups, first group stored for one day and second group stored for four days. Then all samples were reheated in an oven. The obtained results showed that, T.B.A. value, peroxide value and acid value were the lowest values in sample soaked into lime juice. The same sample contained the lowest counts of psychrophilic bacteria and yeasts and molds. The sample soaked in lime juice and the sample soaked in lime juice, propionic acid and soya sauce had the highest scores in organoleptic evaluation. It was concluded that the best treatment was sample soaked in solution consisted of lime juice

Efeito do resfriamento sobre a textura post-mortem da carne do peixe matrinxã Brycon cephalus / Chilling effect on the post-mortem texture of the matrinxã fish muscle Brycon cephalus

Os mecanismos que causam o amolecimento e a perda na textura post-mortem da carne de matrinxã foram determinados por meio das mudanças na microestrutura do músculo, imediatamente após a morte e depois de 12 horas de estocagem a -3ºC. As observações na microestrutura, realizadas com microscópio eletrônico de transmissão, foram semelhantes aos resultados obtidos na força de ruptura do músculo medidos com o texturômetro. Os valores da força da ruptura foram menores para a carne após o resfriamento. Observou-se que as fibras do colágeno do tecido conectivo pericelular se desintegraram e que as do colágeno do tecido conectivo do miocommata conservaram sua arquitetura e integridade. Houve pouca degradação da linha Z. Isso sugere que o amolecimento post-mortem da carne de mantrinxã, durante a estocagem a -3ºC, é causado pela degradação do tecido conectivo pericelular

In order to determine the mechanisms that cause the post mortem muscle softness of the matrinxã Brycon cephalus, changes in the micro structure of the muscle were observed immediately after death and after 12 hours of storage at -3º C, measuring the firmness of the flesh with test instruments. Observations by the transmission electron microscope were similar to the results obtained in the breaking strength of the muscle measured with a texturometer. The values of the breaking strength of the fish muscle were smaller after chilling. At the same time, it was observed that the collagen fibers of the pericellular connective tissue had disintegrated, while the collagen fibers of the miocommata connective tissue maintained their organization and integrity. No evident breakdown of Z-discs was observed. It is suggested that the post-mortem tenderization of the matrinxã muscle during chilled storage was due to the disintegration of the collagen fibers in the pericellular connective tissue and, in a smaller extent, to the weakening of Z-disk

Aplicação da microbiologia preditiva para modelar o crescimento de bactérias mesófilas e láticas em salsichas / Application of predictive microbiology to model growing up of mesophiles and lactic bacterias in sausages

O desenvolvimento, validação e aplicação da microbiologia preditiva têm sido extensivamente revisados na última década. A microbiologia preditiva combina elementos da microbiologia, matemática e estatística e associada à informações históricas do meio ambiente durante o processamento, distribuição e estocagem, fornece mais precisão sobre a segurança microbiológica e qualidade dos alimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi ajustar e validar um modelo matemático para descrever o comportamento da variação do número de bactérias mesófilas e láticas, em salsichas armazenadas sob refrigeração (4°C e 8°C) e em condições de abuso de temperatura de estocagem (12°C, 16°C e 20°C). Amostras de salsichas de diferentes lotes, provenientes de uma grande indústria de alimentos foram estocadas nessas temperaturas, retirando-se amostras em diferentes intervalos de tempo...

Desenvolvimento, maturação e armazenamento de pedúnculos de cajueiro anão precoce CCP-76 sob influência do cálcio / Development, maturation and storage of cashew apples of the clone CCP-76 under calcium influence

Três experimentos foram desenvolvidos em duas etapas, utilizando-se as dependências e instalações da Embrapa - Agroindústria Tropical, em Fortaleza, CE, com os seguintes objetivos: avaliar quanto aos aspectos físicos, físico-químicos, químicos e bioquímicos de pedúnculos de cajueiro anão precoce CCP-76 durante o desenvolvimento e maturação; caracterizar quantitativa e qualitativamente as alterações nos constituintes da parede celular do pedúnculo associadas aos processos de desenvolvimento e maturação, e verificar o efeito da aplicação pós-colheita de cálcio, em diferentes concentrações, sobre as características físicas, físico-químicas, químicas e bioquímicas dos pedúnculos submetidos a armazenamento refrigerado sob atmosfera modificada...

Influência do esfriamento da placa de vidro nas propriedades do cimento de ionômero de vidro / Influence of frozen of glass plate in properties of the glass ionomer cement

Estudou-se a influência do esfriamento da placa de vidro no congelador e refrigerador nas propriedades de tempo de presa, tempo de trabalho e consistência do cimento de ionômetro de vidro Ketac-Cem Radipaco, através da obtenção de faixas de temperaturas específicas. Submeteu-se a placa de vidro ao resfriamento no congelador pelo período de 7 min, 8 min30s. 30min e 60 min e no refrigerador pelo período de 30 min e 60 min , tendo como controle a temperatura ambiente de 23 mais ou menos 1 grau centígrado e umidade relativa d 50 mais ou menos 5 por cento para a manipulação desse cimento. Constatou-se variação no tempo de presa, aumento de tempo de trabalho, variação da consistência, maior rapidez na obtenção das faixas de temperatura no congelador e faixas de temperatura mais favoráveis para a manipulação do cimento.

Vaccine storage conditions in clinics in Colombo.

OBJECTIVES: To study the practices of health personnel regarding vaccine storage and the integrity of the cold chain, during storage, in immunisation clinics. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive survey based on a postal questionnaire and an observational study of the cold chain during storage of a randomly selected sample. SETTING: Colombo District. PARTICIPANTS: 10 health centres, 13 Colombo Municipal Council Clinics, 26 general practices receiving vaccines from health centres, 13 private hospitals and 10 state-run hospitals. METHOD: A pretested postal questionnaire collected information on storage conditions and compliance with EPI requirements. The sub-sample in which the temperatures were monitored consisted of 33% of the total. The study was carried out in 1995-1996, when there was an uninterrupted power supply. OUTCOME MEASURES: Responses to the postal questionnaires and the colour changes recorded in thermosensitive WHO cold chain monitors. RESULTS: The response rate to the postal questionnaire was 87.5%. All 63 respondents stored vaccines in refrigerators worked by electricity. Information regarding refrigerators showed 46% to be less than 5 years old and 17% were more than 15 years old. 97% of refrigerators had good door seals. Regular defrosting was claimed by 79% of clinics and 81% had a named person responsible for vaccine storage. Only 57% had thermometers available and temperatures were monitored daily in only 40% of clinics. 76% of refrigerators were used for purposes other than storage of vaccines. Colour changes were noted in 2 out of 22 cold chain monitors.

Effect of storage of colostrum in various containers.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of storage on expressed colostrum kept at room and refrigeration temperature in 2 different types of containers (steel and plastic) at different time intervals (0 hours to 7 hours). DESIGN: Prospective immunological study. SETTING: Maternity ward. METHODS: Colostrum was collected from 60 healthy lactating mothers and tested for total and differential cell counts and cell viability in plastic (polypropylene) and steel containers at 0 hours and 7 hours after storage at 28 degrees C and 4 degrees C. RESULTS: Colostrum stored for 7 hours in plastic containers had a significantly (p < 0.001) higher cell count and viability compared to that stored in steel containers both at 4 degrees C and 28 degrees C. The differential cell count did not vary with time, temperature or storage vessel. CONCLUSION: If required, colostrum should be stored at 4 degrees C in plastic (polypropylene) containers to maintain its protective quality.

Staphylococcal food poisoning from cream-filled cake in a metropolitan area of South-Eastern Brazil

Doze pessoas foram acometidas de vômito e diarréia aproximadamente 4 horas após haverem ingerido bolo recheado, servido em uma festa de aniversário, e no dia seguinte à festa. Staphylococcus aureus produtor de enterotoxina A foi isolado no bolo, fossa nasal, leito subungueal e, essencialmente, em uma ferida em fase de cicatrizaçäo, localizada na nuca de manipuladora, que dispunha de longa experiência na área de produçäo de alimentos. O bolo, de cerca de 6 Kg, quando ainda quente, foi levado ao refrigerador, por uma hora antes de ser servido näo tendo, portanto, sido convenientemente resfriado. Esses dados permitiram concluir que o referido alimento foi, acidentalmente, contaminado pela manipuladora e inadequadamente resfriado antes de ser ingerido