Phytochemical Estimation and Therapeutic Amelioration of Aesculus hippocastanum L. Seeds Ethanolic Extract in Gastric Ulcer in Rats Possibly by Inhibiting Prostaglandin Synthesis / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To quantify phytochemicals using liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy (LCMS) analysis and explore the therapeutic effect of Aesculus hippocastanum L. (AH) seeds ethanolic extract against gastric ulcers in rats.@*METHODS@#Preliminary phytochemical testing and LCMS analysis were performed according to standard methods. For treatment, the animals were divided into 7 groups including normal control, ulcer control, self-healing, AH seeds low and high doses, ranitidine and per se groups. Rats were orally administered with 10 mg/kg of indomethacin, excluding the normal control group (which received 1% carboxy methyl cellulose) and the per se group (received 200 mg/kg AH seeds extract). The test group rats were then given 2 doses of AH seeds extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively), while the standard group was given ranitidine (50 mg/kg). On the 11th day, rats in all groups were sacrificed, and their stomach was isolated to calculate the ulcer index, and other parameters such as blood prostaglandin (PGE2), tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH). All isolated stomach tissues were analyzed for histopathological findings.@*RESULTS@#The phytochemical examination shows that the AH seeds contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolic components, and glycosides. LCMS analysis confirms the presence of quercetin and rutin. The AH seeds extract showed significant improvement in gastric mucosa conditions after indomethacin-induced gastric lesions (P<0.01). Further marked improvement in blood PGE2 and antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT, MDA and GSH, were observed compared with self-healing and untreated ulcer-induced groups (P<0.01). Histopathology results confirmed that AH seeds extract improved the mucosal layer and gastric epithelial membrane in treated groups compared to untreated ulcer-induced groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#LCMS report confirms the presence of quercetin and rutin in AH seeds ethanolic extract. The therapeutic effect of AH seeds extract against indomethacin-induced ulcer in rat model indicated the regenerated membrane integrity, with improved cellular functions and mucus thickness. Further, improved antioxidant enzyme level would help to reduce PGE2 biosynthesis.

Study of benefits and hazards of Ranitidine on patients admitted in Pediatricm Intensive Care Unit

Objectives: Patients admitted in intensive care unit [ICU] are at high risk of developing stress gastric ulceration and so are liable to be exposed to ulcer prophylaxis drugs side effects. The aim of the present study was to study the benefits and possible side effects of Ranitidine as acid suppressive drug used in pediatric ICU [PICU]

Methods: This study was carried out on forty patients admitted in PICU at Alexandria University Children's Hospital [AUCH]. patients were divided into 2 groups each was 20 in number, Ranitidine was given only to one group. Both were subjected to full clinical evaluation. Duodenal aspirate was obtained via upper gastrointestinal [GI] endoscopy and examined for bacterial overgrowth in patients received Ranitidine. Stool was examined for occult blood to detect possible mucosal injury for all patients in both groups

Results: Out of 20 children received Ranitidine 9 [45%] showed bacterial colonization in their duodenal aspirate. Fifty five percent of cases who did not receive Ranitidine suffered from stress gastric injury in our study. Mechanical ventilation and shock are possible risk factors for stress gastric injury

Conclusion: Patients admitted to PICU are at high risk to develop stress gastric injury, so acid suppressive therapy is needed. Ranitidine is a good prophylactic drug against stress gastritis with possibility to develop small intestinal bacterial overgrowth [SIBO]

Alteraçoes no teste ultra-rápido da urease e no exame anatomopatológico para Helicobacter pylori induzidas por drogas anti-secretoras / Changes in ultrarapid urease test and histopathological examination for Helicobacter pylori by antisecretory drugs

One of the major problems when evaluating dyspeptic patients at public hospitals is the large interval between the consultation and the endoscopy, leading to the prescription of antisecretory drugs, what can be responsible for false results on examinations. AIM: To evaluate changes in ultrarapid urease test and histopathological examination for Helicobacter pylori by antisecretory drugs. METHODS: In a prospective double-blind study, 50 patients with dyspeptic complaints and endoscopic diagnosis of peptic ulcer, erosive gastritis, esophagitis or duodenitis, with a positive urease test, were randomized to a 7-day course of treatment with either omeprazole 20 mg or ranitidine 300 mg a day. Before and after treatment, two biopsy specimens each were obtained from the antrum and corpus and an ultrarapid urease test and a histopathological examination for Helicobacter pylori were performed. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in the results of ultrarapid urease test and histopathological examination for Helicobacter pylori after treatment with ranitidine. With omeprazole, we observed a decrease in positive results in ultrarapid urease test and histopathological examination for Helicobacter pylori in the antrum, but not in the corpus. CONCLUSION: Omeprazole, used for 7 days, can lead to negative results in ultrarapid urease test and histopathological examination for Helicobacter pylori in the antrum, and should not be employed in patients before the endoscopy is performed.

Hemorragia digestiva alta en pacientes con trasplante renal funcionante durante la era ciclosporina: experiencia de 10 años / Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in kidney trasplant patients

La Hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) en pacientes trasplantados renales constituye un cuadro de gravedad no solo por poner en riesgo la vida del paciente, sino la funcionalidad del injerto. Se han documentado cuatro casos (1,2 por ciento) de HDA en pacientes trasplantados renales con riñon funcionante sobre un total de 340 trasplantes en 328 pacientes desde el advenimiento de la ciclosporina como droga inmunosupresora en el país en enero de 1986 hasta el 11 de abril de 1996. No hubo defunciones ni pérdidas del injerto directamente vinculadas a la HDA. La baja incidencia de HDA estaria relacionada a la profilaxis perioperatoria con bloqueantes H2 y a la rigurosa selección de los receptores. La cirugía profiláctica pre trasplante no está indicada. El tratamiento quirúrgico esta indicado en los casos refractarios a la terapéutica médica. El adecuado tratamiento y profilaxis de cualquier patología causante de una potencial HDA, especialmente la enfermedad ulceropéptica, y la selección de los pacientes receptores aseguran un trasplante renal con muy baja incidencia de complicaciones hemorrágicas esofagogastroduodenales

Efect of ranitidine and tiotidine on spermatogenesis in ablino rats

Effect of ranitidine and tiotidine on spermatogenesis in albino rats was determined under local management and climatic conditions. These H2 blocking drugs were administrated to the albino rats in dose of 2.14 and 1.42 mg/kg body weight, twice daily for a period of five weeks. The results revealed that ranitidine caused a significant decrease [P< 0.05] in the number of spermatocytes while tiotidine had no effect on the germ cells in the seminiferous tubules. It is, therefore, likely that ranitidine and tiotidine have antispermatogenic activity

Superioridad del pantoprazol sobre la ranitidina en el tratamiento de la úlcera duodenal: experiencia clínica mexicana / Superiority of pantoprazole vs. ranitidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer: a Mexican clinical experience

Antecedentes: El pantoprazol es un nuevo inhibidor de la bomba de protones de la célula parietal gástrica, que ha demostrado ser superior a la ranitidina en el tratamiento de la enfermedad ácido-péptica. Objetivos: Comparar la eficacia y tolerancia del pantoprazol oral, con la ranitidina, en el tratamiento de pacientes con úlcera duodenal activa confirmada por endoscopia en pacientes mexicanos. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, comparativo, en grupos paralelos, multicéntrico, equilibrado, alazar, doble ciego. Mediante estudio endoscópico, se incluyeron pacientes con una o dos úlceras duodenales activas con diámetro total entre 5 y 20 mm. Cada paciente recibió pantoprazol (40 mg más placebo) o ranitidina (300 mg más placebo) diariamente durante dos semanas. Cuando no se consiguió la cicatrización se continuó el tratamiento hasta por cuatro semanas y se realizó una tercera endoscopia de control. Resultados: Se analizaron 163 pacientes: 82 para el grupo pantoprazol y 81 para el grupo ranitidina. Los índices de curación al final de la segunda semana de tratamiento fueron: 72 por ciento para pantropazol y 51 por ciento para ranitidina (p< 0.01), y de 95 y 86 por ciento a la cuarta semana, respectivamente. El porcentaje de pacientes con dolor disminuyó más rápidamente en el grupo pantoprazol. Ambos medicamentos fueron bien tolerados e inocuos. Conclusiones: El pantoprazol es bien tolerado y superior a la ranitidina en la curación de la úlcera duodenal activa.

Efeitos da cimetidina e da ranitidina na regeneraçåo do fígado após hepatectomia parcial: estudo experimental em ratos / Effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on hepatic regenation after partial hepatectomy: experimental study in rats

A presente experimentaçåo foi realizada com o intuito de se investigar a influência da administraçåo pós-operatória de cimetidina e ranitidina na replicaçåo celular do fígado de ratos submetidos a hepatectomia parcial (68 por cento). Vinte e oito ratos, divididos em quatro grupos, foram utilizados neste estudo: Grupo I (controle): hepatectomia e administraçåo intramuscular (IM) de soluçåo salina (1 ml de 12/12 horas); Grupo II: hepatectomia e injeçöes IM de cimetidina (20 mg?kg de 12/12 horas); Grupo III: hepatectomia e administraçåo IM de ranitidina (4 mg/Kg de 12/12 horas); Grupo IV (Sham): laparotomia, manipulaçåo do fígado e injeçöes IM de soluçåo salina (1 ml de 12/12 horas). Todos os animais foram observados por 72 horas após os procedimentos cirúrgicos. Ao término do período de observaçåo foram sacrificados e fragmentos do fígado retirados e processados para estudo histológico (contagem do número de mitoses). As avaliaçöes histológicas demonstraram uma significante reduçåo do número de mitoses nos animais que receberam tanto a cimetidina como a ranitidina quando comparados com o Grupo Controle (p<0,001). O autor concluiu, com base nos achados desta experimentaçåo, que a utilizaçåo da cimetidina e da ranitidina no pós-operatório de ratos submetidos a hepatectomia exerce um efeito bloqueador de replicaçåo celular que ocorre após a ressecçåo parcial do fígado

Efeitos cardiovasculares dos bloqueadores H2 em uma populaçäo de risco: um ensaio clínico randomizado / Cardiovascular effects of H2-antagonists in a risk population: a randomized study

Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos cardiovasculares dos bloqueadores H2, realizamos um ensaio clínico randonizado. Foram estudados 39 pacientes internados na sala de observaçäo de nosso serviço, que apresentavam dois ou mais fatores de risco, tais como: idade acima de 60 anos, insuficiência cardíaca, arritmias cardíacas, bloqueios de conduçäo cardíaca, uso de drogas bradicardizantes, insuficiência renal, falência hepatica, hipoxemia, hipotensäo arterial ou sepse. Os pacientes foram randomizados a receber cimetidina (300mg) ou ranitidina (50mg) via venosa. Pressäo arterial(PA), frequência cardíaca (FC) e eletrocardiograma (ECG) foram aferidos antes e após a administraçäo do medicamento. Houve reduçäo significativa da PA e da FC. O ECG näo se alterou significativamente. Concluímos que o uso de cimetidina ou de ranitidina provoca alteraçäo de PA e FC em uma populaçäo de rico

Efeitos cardiovasculares dos bloqueadores H2: um ensaio clínico randomizado / Cardiovascular effects of H2 antagonists: a randomized clinical assay

Os autores estudaram os efeitos cardiovasculares dos bloqueadores H2 em 37 pacientes. Houve bradicardia, hipotensäo ou extra-sistolia em um paciente que recebeu cimetidina e em cinco pacientes que receberam ranitidina, sem maiores conseqüências. Concluem que nesta sêrie os bloqueadores H2 näo provocaram alteraçöes cardiovasculares significativas. Chamam a atençäo para a possibilidade desses paraefeitos, aos quais os médicos devem estar alertas.

Danazol in treatment of lupus thrombocytopenia.

Seven patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), persistent thrombocytopenia (TP), in whom it was considered undesirable to institute an increase in steroid or immunosuppressive agents, were treated with danazol. Five patients completed the minimum period of 8 weeks. Two patients showed early response to danazol but were switched over to cyclophosphamide or azathioprine after 4 weeks because of systemic disease. Of the remaining five patients, four had complete responses. In one patient who failed treatment the TP was considered to be related to another drug (ranitidine). Other manifestations of SLE also improved with treatment. Side effects included amenorrhea in one patient, and hypoglycemia and hyponatremia in another. Infections were absent. Danazol can be a useful alternative treatment of lupus TP.

Ranitidina em dose única noturna no tratamento da úlcera duodenal: resultado de um estudo aberto, multicêntrico, comparativo / Single nocturnal dose of ranitidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer: results of an open multicentric comparative trial

Cento e noventa pacientes com úlcera duodenal endoscopicamente comprovada foram alocados, aleatoriamente, para tratamento com ranitidina nos regimes de 300 mg em dose única ou 150 mg duas vezes ao dia. Após 4 semanas de tratamento, 78 de 94 pacientes (83,0%) do grupo no regime de 15 mg bid tiveram as úlceras cicatrizadas, contra 79 de 96 pacientes (82,3%) do grupo no regime de 300 mg nocte. Os índices de cicatrizaçäo de ambos os grupos foram muito próximos, com diferença sem significaçäo estatística. Os sintomas diminuiram com o tratamento em ambos os grupos e a tolerabilidade foi excelente. Os resultados mostram que a ranitidina, no esquema de dose única diária, é täo eficaz, na terapêutica da úlcera duodenal ativa, como o esquema tradicional de 150 mg duas vezes ao dia. Devido à sua maior simplicidade e ao fato de permitir maior aderência do paciente ao tratamento, o regime de uma dose única diária de 300 mg de ranitidina deve ter preferência sobre o regime convencional de duas doses diárias

Contaminación bacteriana gástrica por empleo de bloqueadores H2: efecto del bismuto coloidal como bactericida / Gastric bacterial contamination by the use of H2 blockers: effect of choloidal bismuth as bactericidal

Estudio abierto y prospectivo donde se evalúa el efecto bactericida del tripotásico-diccitrato bismutato, administrado en pacientes críticamente enfermos, con bloqueo H2 protector gástrico y en los que se demostró contaminación bacteriana gástrica. Los resultados muestran una efectividad del 100% sobre bacterais y aparente resistencia por parte de cándida albicans. La muestra es aún pequeña para una evaluación definitiva, más los resultados iniciales señalan una llamativa efectiviadad bactericida