Sarcoma de Ewing óseo: Enfoque multidisciplinario y resultados oncológicos en 88 pacientes / Ewing sarcoma of the bone. Multidisciplinary approach and oncological results in 88 patients

El sarcoma de Ewing óseo es un tumor poco frecuente, agresivo, que afecta principalmente a niños y adultos jóvenes. Existe ausencia de registros en nuestro país respecto de la prevalencia de esta enfermedad, los esquemas de tratamiento utilizados y sus resultados. El objetivo fue analizar, en un grupo de pacientes con sarcoma de Ewing óseo tratados con quimioterapia y cirugía de conservación de miembro, las tasas de supervivencia global, de recurrencia local y los factores de riesgo oncológicos. Se incluyó a 88 pacientes. La edad media de la serie fue de 14.5 años y el seguimiento promedio de 8.8 años. La tasa de supervivencia global fue de 79.5% a los 2 años, de 69% a 5 años y de 64% a 10 años. Los factores pronósticos negativos asociados a menor supervivencia fueron: mala respuesta a la quimioterapia, edad ≥ de 16 años, localización central, y recurrencia local. En el análisis multivariable únicamente la respuesta a la quimioterapia tuvo significancia estadística. La tasa libre de recurrencia local a 2 y 5 años fue del 87%. La mala respuesta a la quimioterapia fue el único factor significativo para la recurrencia local. Consideramos que la cirugía de conservación de miembro asociada a quimioterapia pre y postoperatoria debe ser el tratamiento para el sarcoma de Ewing óseo, alcanzando de esta manera una supervivencia global a 5 años del 69%. En nuestra serie, la respuesta a la quimioterapia ha sido el factor pronóstico más relevante para supervivencia y recurrencia local.

Ewing sarcoma of the bone is a rare, highly aggressive tumor that typically affects children and young adults. In Argentina, the lack of Ewing's sarcoma registries reflects in the absence of information regarding prevalence, treatment protocols and patient´s outcome. The purpose of this study was to analyze, in a group of patients diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma of the bone, treated with chemotherapy and limb-conserving surgery, their overall survival rate, local recurrence rate, and oncological risk factors. A retrospective research was conducted between 1990 and 2017. Eighty-eight patients with Ewing sarcoma of the bone matched the inclusion criteria. Median age was 14.5 years and median follow-up was 8.8 years. Overall survival rate was 79.5%, 69% and 64% at 2, 5 and 10 years respectively. Negative prognostic factors, associated with less survival rate after univariate analysis, were: bad response to chemotherapy (tumoral necrosis 0-89%), age > 16 years-old, central tumor localization and local recurrence. Gender and tumor size were not significant prognostic factors. After multivariate analysis, response to chemotherapy remained statistical significant. Local recurrence-free survival rate at 2 and 5 years was 87%. Tumor response to chemotherapy (0-89%) was the only significant factor for local recurrence. We consider that limb-salvage surgery, with neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, are the mainstays of treatment for Ewing's sarcoma, with an overall survival rate, at 5 years, of 69%. In this population, response to chemotherapy is the most relevant prognostic factor, being associated with both local recurrence and overall survival.

Survival outcome among patients with Ewing's sarcoma of bones and joints: a population-based cohort study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The aim here was to elucidate the current survival condition of patients diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma of the bones and joints and determine independent risk factors associated with the prognosis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort study based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database in the United States. METHODS: We identified 397 patients who were diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma of the bones and joints between January 2004 and December 2013. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine factors associated with the risk of death by adjusting for various factors. RESULTS: The one, two and five-year disease-specific survival rates were 89.08%, 78.08% and 62.47%, respectively. The factors related to death were age (≥ 18 years versus < 18 years; hazard ratio, HR = 1.77; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.38-2.31); tumor site (extremity versus spine and pelvis; HR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.31-2.62); tumor size (> 10 cm versus ≤ 10 cm; HR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.34-2.56); and type of treatment (surgery alone versus radiotherapy with surgery; HR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.38-0.89; or radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy with surgery; HR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.10-2.39; or no treatment versus radiotherapy with surgery; HR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.58). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with Ewing's sarcoma showed poor survival in situations of age ≥ 18 years, tumor size > 10 cm, receiving radiotherapy alone and receiving no treatment. Patients undergoing surgery alone had better survival.

Metástase meníngea em adulto jovem com sarcoma de Ewing da tíbia direita / Meningeal metastasis in young adult with Ewing´s sarcoma of the right tibia

Introdução: O sarcoma de Ewing representa 10% dos tumores ósseos, com predomínio no sexo masculino. A maior incidência é dos 5 aos 14 anos. Acomete mais as extremidades e em 25% dos casos há metástases ao diagnóstico. O acometimento do sistema nervoso central ocorre em 3% dos pacientes. A infiltração das leptomeninges é rara e ocorre predominantemente por contiguidade de uma lesão óssea subjacente. Relato do caso: Mulher de 27 anos com lesão em tíbia direita de 17 cm. A biópsia diagnosticou sarcoma de Ewing. Estadiamento sistêmico foi negativo e planejada quimioterapia neoadjuvante com esquema VAC-IE para preservação do membro. Após o primeiro ciclo de VAC teve neutropenia precoce, infecção de sítio tumoral, sepse e síndrome compartimental do membro. Submetida a amputação suprapatelar. Após 30 dias apresentou paralisia do VII, VI e III pares cranianos à esquerda e VII e III à direita, tomografia computadorizada do crânio foi normal e o líquor confirmou infiltração meníngea. A paciente evoluiu a óbito três dias após o diagnóstico de metástase meníngea. Discussão: A literatura é escassa em informações sobre a frequência do envolvimento meníngeo no sarcoma de Ewing. A forma peculiar do acometimento neste caso, sem metástase óssea que invadisse o sistema nervoso por contiguidade, faz-nos concluir que tal disseminação ocorreu pela via hematogênica. A paciente apresentava fatores de mau prognóstico (tumor > 100ml, idade > 26 anos, intervalo diagnóstico-metástases < 2 anos). O acometimento meníngeo contribuiu para o desfecho desfavorável, pois é um local de difícil controle da doença, considerado um santuário.