Unrelated Bone Marrow Transplantation with a Reduced Toxicity Myeloablative Conditioning Regimen in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked congenital immune-deficiency syndrome, and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has become a curative modality. However, the transplant with the alternative donor needed more intensive conditioning with increased treatment-related toxicities. Recently, fludarabine-based reduced toxicity myeloablative conditioning regimens have been developed for adult myeloid malignancies with promising results of good engraftment and low treatment-related toxicities. To increase the engraftment potential without serious complications, a boy with WAS received successful unrelated BMT with a reduced toxicity myeloablative conditioning regimen composed of fludarabine (40 mg/m(2) on days -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3), busulfan (0.8 mg/kg i. v. q 6 hr on days -6, -5, -4, -3), and thymoglobulin (2.5 mg/kg on days -4, -3, -2). This novel conditioning regimen could improve the outcome of allogeneic transplantation for other non-malignant diseases such as congenital immune-deficiency syndromes or metabolic storage diseases.

Trasplante alogénico de precursores hematopoyéticos en pacientes con síndrome de Wiskott-Aldrich / Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Background: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X linked congenital disease that presents as eczema, thrombocytopenia and immune deficiency. The only curative procedure for this illness is hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), preferably from a healthy HLA identical sibling donor. Cord blood is becoming an excellent alternative as stem cell source from unrelated donors. Aim: To report our experience with HSCT in children with WAS. Patients and methods: Six boys with WAS diagnosed at 1 to 6 months of age were transplanted at our institution. All of them developed eczema and thrombocytopenia. Two had episodes of severe bleeding and three had repetitive infections (two with recurrent pulmonary infections and one a recurrent otitis). Three patients had a positive family history. Two received HSCT from sibling donors and four from unrelated cord blood donors at 7 months to 4 years of age. Results: AH 6 patients had full hematopoietic engraftment after transplantation. Three had mild chronic graft-versus- host disease which responded to immune suppressive therapy. One patient died of cytomegalovirus related pneumonia 111 days after grafting. The other 5 patients are alive and healthy 11 to 104 months after transplantation. Conclusions: HSCT is an effective treatment for patients with WAS. The procedure should be done as soon as diagnosis is confirmed and before life threatening infections occur.

Trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas en pediatría: Una alternativa de tratamiento en inmunodeficiencias primarias / Hematopoietic stem cell transplant in combined immunodeficiency syndromes of childhood: An optimal treatment for primary immunodeficiency

The congenital immunodeficiency disorders in which the defect has been clearly traced to the stem cell can be cured with allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) from an unaffected donor. Widespread application of this treatment modality has been tempered by the fact that risk-benefit considerations do not always favor a procedure that carries a significant risk for morbidity and mortality. Some malignant disorders of childhood eventually have to be treated by an autologous or allogeneic SCT, however nonmalignant disorders can also be treated with this approach. This article reviews the current status of SCT for nonmalignant inherited immunodeficiency disorders.

Tradicionalmente el trasplante de células progenituras hematopoyéticas (TCPH) se ha utilizado en pacientes pediátricos para el tratamiento de padecimientos malignos. Sin embargo, también existen indicaciones y experiencia para padecimientos benignos dentro de los cuales se encuentran los síndromes de inmunodeficiencia combinada primaria. Estos síndromes de la infancia constituyen una serie de padecimientos que aun cuando son infrecuentes en la patología infantil constituyen un grupo de alteraciones que hasta hace más de tres décadas eran irremediablemente fatales. Con el advenimiento del TCPH el pronóstico de estos síndromes ha mejorado sustancialmente, por lo que es importante conocer sus resultados, así como su morbimortalidad asociada.

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome in a Jamaican

A 3-week-old boy presented with severe thrombocytopenia and recurrent infections. He was subsequently found to have Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome, a rare X-linked disorder. Splenectomy was performed and he died of post-splenectomy sepsis despite prophylatic antibiotic therapy. This is the first recorded case in the English-speaking Caribbean.