Large desmoid tumors in familial adenomatous polyposis: a successful outcome

Desmoid tumors develop from connective tissue, fasciae, and aponeuroses, and may occur in the context of familial adenomatous polyposis or may arise sporadically; also, they may be extra-abdominal, intra-abdominal, or located in the abdominal wall. These benign tumors have a great aggressiveness with a high rate of local recurrence. Familial adenomatous polyposis is an inherited condition with autosomal dominant transmission, and is characterized by the development of multiple colonic and rectal adenomatous polyps, as well as desmoid tumors. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman with germline APC gene mutation, who underwent a total colectomy, subsequently developing two large infiltrative solid intra-abdominal lesions consistent with desmoid tumors. Medical treatment with Cox-2 inhibitors was initiated without result. She was submitted to resection for intestinal obstruction, but developed local recurrence. The lesions were also unresponsive to tamoxifen, and chemotherapy was initiated with dacarbazine plus doxorubicin, switching to vinorelbine plus methotrexate, achieving a good response in all lesions after 12 months. The approach to these intra-abdominal lesions should be progressive, beginning with observation, then a medical approach with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or with an anti-hormonal agent. Afterwards, if progression is still evident, chemotherapy should be started. Surgery should be reserved for resistance to medical treatment, in palliative situations, or for extra-abdominal or abdominal wall desmoids tumors.

Hemangiomas infantiles / [Infantile hemangiomas].

Infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of infancy. While most of them have an uncomplicated course, between 10 and 15

are at risk for complications, especially during the proliferative phase, and can cause impairment of vital functions or produce permanent cosmetic disfigurement. In this update we delineate the natural history of infantile hemangiomas, with special emphasis on identifying those that require special diagnostic evaluations and multidisciplinary and closer follow-up, reviewing the study and treatment indications and current treatment modalities.

Contribuição do patologista cirúrgico para o diagnóstico das síndromes do câncer hereditário e avaliação dos tratamentos cirúrgicos profiláticos / Hereditary cancer syndrome: pathologists contribution for diagnosis and evaluation of prophylactic surgical procedures

INTRODUÇÃO: As neoplasias malignas em vários órgãos podem apresentar ocorrência esporádica ou familiar. O patologista cirúrgico desempenha papel decisivo no diagnóstico do câncer hereditário. Este estudo visou à revisäo dos recursos disponíveis na rotina diagnóstica para a detecção do câncer hereditário, bem como à discussão das abordagens terapêuticas cirúrgicas profiláticas relatadas. MÉTODOS: Revisäo de artigos relacionados às síndromes do câncer hereditário quanto ao diagnóstico e às cirurgias profiláticas. RESULTADOS: Os principais achados clínicos indicadores da síndrome do câncer hereditário relatados säo: idade precoce ao diagnóstico, múltiplos tumores primários, vários membros acometidos de uma mesma família e diversas gerações acometidas. Os tipos histológicos mais freqüentemente associados às síndromes de câncer familiar säo: carcinoma ductal pouco diferenciado e carcinoma medular da mama, adenocarcinomas serosos de alto grau do ovário, carcinoma medular da tireóide e carcinoma gástrico difuso. Mastectomia bilateral, ooforectomia bilateral, gastrectomia total e tireoidectomia total säo modalidades de cirurgias profiláticas relatadas. CONCLUSÄO: O material de rotina diagnóstica em patologia cirúrgica fornece informações valiosas para o diagnóstico do câncer hereditário, podendo influenciar favoravelmente o prognóstico com indicações apropriadas para rastreamento clínico. A indicaçäo para cirurgias profiláticas permanece controversa, principalmente quanto às ooforectomias e às mastectomias bilaterais