Estudio de la relación entre el grupo sanguíneo eritrocitario ABO con los niveles del factor von Willebrand en pacientes diagnosticados con la enfermedad / Study of the relationship between the ABO erythrocyte blood group with the von Willebrand factor levels in patients diagnosed with the disease

Resumen La presencia o ausencia de los antígenos del sistema ABO entre otros factores se han relacionado con los niveles plasmáticos del factor von Willebrand (VWF) debido a su influencia en la proteólisis por la ADAMTS 13; la actividad de este sistema eritrocitario puede incidir en eventos trombóticos o hemorrágicos. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar si los pacientes diagnosticados con la enfermedad de von Willebrand pertenecían al grupo sanguíneo O y si los niveles de VWF y FVIII eran más bajos que los de los grupos no-O. El grupo sanguíneo fue identificado por un método directo en tubo y el VWF y FVIII se midieron mediante ensayos de coagulación. Se analizó un total de 64 pacientes, el 29,4% eran mayores de 40 años, el 100% presentaron valores más bajos del VWF que los grupos no-O, el 64% de los pacientes presentaron una concentración del FVIII de 6-49% inferior al rango normal establecido y el 78,51% fueron tipificados como del grupo sanguíneo O. El análisis estadístico demostró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles de VWF y el grupo sanguíneo. Se determinó que existe una relación entre el sistema ABO y el VWF-FVIII (p<0,05); sin embargo, esto no significa que sea la única causa de la existencia de un nivel bajo del factor. Estos datos indican la necesidad de mayores estudios en la población de pacientes con la enfermedad y la necesidad de determinar los tipos de von Willebrand y su relación con el grupo sanguíneo.

Abstract The presence or absence of antigens of the ABO system, among other factors, have been related to plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) due to its influence on proteolysis by ADAMTS 13. The activity of this erythrocyte system may influence on thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. The purpose of this study was to determine if the patients diagnosed with von Willebrand disease belonged to the O blood group and the VWF and FVIII levels were lower than those of the other blood groups. The blood group was identified by direct tube method and the VWF and FVIII were measured by coagulation tests. A total of 64 patients were analised, 29.4% were older than 40, 100% presented lower values of VWF than the non-O groups. A total of 64% of the patients presented a lower concentration of 6-49% in FVIII at the established normal range and 78.51% were typified as blood group O. Statistical analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between VWF levels and blood group. It was determined that there is a relationship between the ABO system and the VWF-FVIII (p<0.05). However, this does not mean that is the only cause of the existence of a low level of these factors. These data indicate the need for further studies in the population of patients with von Willebrand disease in order to determine the von Willebrand types and their relationship with the blood group.

Resumo A presença ou ausência dos antígenos do sistema ABO, entre outros fatores, tem sido relacionada aos níveis plasmáticos do fator de von Willebrand (VWF) devido à sua influência na proteólise pelo ADAMTS 13; a atividade desse sistema eritrocitário pode afetar eventos trombóticos ou hemorrágicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se os pacientes com diagnóstico de doença de von Willebrand pertenciam ao grupo sanguíneo O e se os níveis de VWF e FVIII eram inferiores aos dos grupos não-0. O grupo sanguíneo foi identificado por um método direto em tubo e o VWF e o FVIII foram medidos por testes de coagulação. Foram analisados 64 pacientes, 29,4% tinham idade superior a 40 anos, 100% apresentaram valores mais baixos do VWF que os grupos não-O e 64% dos pacientes apresentaram concentração de FVIII 6-49% menor à faixa normal estabelecida, e 78,51% foram tipificados como do grupo sanguíneo O. A análise estatística mostrou uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de VWF e o grupo sanguíneo. Foi determinado que existe uma relação entre o sistema ABO e o VWF-FVIII (p<0,05), no entanto, isso não significa que seja a única causa da existência de um baixo nível do fator. Esses dados indicam a necessidade de novos estudos na população de pacientes com a doença e a necessidade de determinar os tipos de von Willebrand e sua relação com o grupo sanguíneo.

Relationship between ABO blood groups and oral cancer.

Background: Cancer is a unique disease characterized by abnormal growth of cells which have the ability to invade the adjacent tissues and sometimes even distant organs. Oral cancer has multifactorial etiology and is significantly associated with risk factors of the individual's lifestyle, particularly, chronic use of tobacco, spicy food, alcohol and smoking. Many studies have indicated that genetic factors also have an influence on the etiology of cancer. Aim: To evaluate if any of the ABO blood groups are associated with an increased risk for oral cancer. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology (KMIO), Bangalore, after obtaining permission from the Director of the institute. The study sample comprised 235 oral cancer patients and 812 controls. For statistical analysis, Chi-square test and odds ratio were used to assess the relationship between ABO blood groups and oral cancer. Probability level was fixed at ≤0.05. Results: It was found that people with blood group A had 1.46 times higher risk of developing oral cancer compared to people of other blood groups. Conclusion: By employing a simple blood grouping test during community field programs, people with blood group A in the age group of 40-59 years having tobacco chewing habits can be apprised that they are more at risk to develop oral cancer than people with other blood groups.

Immunodetection of Helicobacter sp. and the associated expression of ABO blood group antigens in the gastric mucosa of captive and free-living New World primates in the Amazon region

The histo-blood group ABH antigens were first described in humans. These antigens are only present on erythrocytes from great apes and humans, while in more primitive animals they are found in tissues and body fluids. The ABH antigens are mainly distributed in tissues exposed to the external environment and potentially serve as ligands for pathogens or inhibitors of tissue connections. The objective of this paper was two-fold: (i) to determine the presence of Helicobacter sp. in the gastric mucosa of 16 captive and 24 free-living New World monkeys and (ii) to evaluate the presence of histopathological alterations related to bacterial infection and the associated expression of ABH antigens in the tissue. Stomach tissues from 13 species of monkey were assessed using haematoxylin-eosin and modified Gram staining (Hucker) methods. An immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue revealed the presence of infectious bacteria that were characteristic of the genus Helicobacter sp. The results demonstrate that various species of monkey might be naturally infected with the Helicobacter sp. and that there is an increased susceptibility to infection. This study serves as a comparative analysis of infection between human and non-human primates and indicates the presence of a new species of Helicobacter.

Digital dermatoglyphis in ABO, Rh blood groups.

Dermatoglyphics, the study of fingerprints are constant and individualistic. The ridge pattern depends upon cornified layer of epidermis as well as dermal papillae. This study was conducted to correlate between digital dermatoglyphics patterns in ABO, Rh blood groups and evaluates their significance. A total of 200 first year MBBS students with known blood groups from 2004 and 2005 batch of IGGMC, Nagpur were included in the study. Fingerprints were obtained by printing method. Parameters studied were arches, whorls, loops. It was concluded that, whorls were highest in B blood group and the difference was significant with O blood group. Loops were highest in O blood group and were significant with A, B, AB blood groups. Arches were highest in AB blood group and were statistically significant with B and O blood groups. Arches were higher in Rh negative blood group differing statistically with Rh positive blood group.

Finger print pattern in different blood groups.

Dermatoglyphics is study of pattern of fine ridges on fingers, palms and soles. The term dermatoglyphics was coined by Cummins. The type of finger print is unique and is based on genetic characters of each individual. They develop between 2nd and 3rd months of intra uterine life and remain unchanged in an individual through out life. Finger prints are regarded as the most reliable tool for personal identification. Due to their immence potential particularly in forensic medicine, the study of finger print pattern was carried out in relation to various ABO blood groups. The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, NRI medical college, Chinakakani, Guntur. 506 students of known blood group were selected for the study. The finger prints were collected, studied and analyzed statistically. Thumbs presented high frequency of whorls in A+ves. Index and ring fingers were associated with high frequency of whorls in A-ves and AB+ves.

Effect of ageing & environmental condition for detection of blood group from blood stain.

It is an established fact that laboratory investigations involving biological fluids play a vital role in crime investigations Blood as a source of evidence associated with crime, can provide valuable information that may solve the case. Proper collection, preservation and dispatch of this crucial evidence to the Forensic Science Laboratory is hence very essential. Improper collection and preservation can weaken or destroy a potential source of facts in a case. Many times the suspects may hide valuable blood stain evidence either on the object or the clothes in different conditions which may adversely affect the investigation. Hence, proper collection and preservation of blood stain is of paramount importance, as it may provide a strong link between an individual and a criminal act. The present study was undertaken to find out the maximum duration for which blood grouping is possible when the stains are exposed to varied environmental conditions.

Naturally occurring anti M complicating ABO grouping.

Anti M is considered a naturally occurring antibody that is usually active at temperatures below 37˚C and is thus of on clinical significance. This antibody, if present in an individual, can lead to a discrepancy between forward and reverse ABO grouping and thus creates diagnostic difficulties for blood bank staff. We report a case of a 58-year-old lady who had an unexpected reaction in reverse grouping due to anti M that posed a problem for us in the significance of such discrepancy in blood grouping.

ABO blood grouping from tooth material.

Human identification is a mainstay of civilization and identification of unknown individuals has always been of paramount importance to society. Establishing individuality is an imperative aspect in any investigating procedure. The use of biological evidence for identification of an individual is a relatively recent development, but it is expensive and time consuming. The Forensic importance of dental tissue has been well recognized because of the fact that tooth is hardest of all human tissues and they can be preserved intact for a long period of time after death. Blood group has been one of the corner stones for identification of biological materials in Forensic investigations, and ABO blood grouping is widely used in Forensic laboratories. In this study an attempt is made to determine ABO blood group from the dental pulp and the dentin extracted from dead body by absorption –elution method.

ABO blood groups and Rhesus factor: An exploring link to periodontal diseases.

Background: The presence or absence of blood group antigens has been associated with various diseases, with antigens also acting as receptors for infectious agents. Scanty literature is available in assessing the relative liability of blood group phenotypes to periodontal diseases. This research was conducted to determine the association of the ABO blood group and Rhesus (Rh) factor to periodontal diseases to assess whether they could be the predictors of periodontal diseases. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,220 subjects aged between 20 and 55 years were selected on a random basis. The study populations were segregated into three groups according to Ramfjord's periodontal disease index: Healthy, Gingivitis and Periodontitis. Blood samples were collected to identify the ABO blood groups and the Rh factor by the slide method. Results: Blood group A showed a significantly higher percentage in the gingivitis group and blood group O showed a higher percentage in the periodontitis group. The blood group AB showed the least percentage of periodontal diseases. The distribution of Rh factor in all groups showed a significantly higher distribution of Rh-positive. Conclusion: The genetic factors may alter the oral ecology and the process of periodontal disease. These data are suggestive of a broad correlation between periodontal diseases and blood groups, which may act as risk predictors for periodontal diseases. This will make it possible to better-understand the risk factors of diseases of the periodontal tissues and to predict the effective methods of prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases.

Bombay phenotype in two North Indian brothers: a case report.

Bombay phenotype is unique in the aspect that the red cells are not agglutinated by antisera A, B and H. However the serum of such individuals contains anti A, B and strongly reactive anti H which agglutinates red cells of 'O' group individuals through a wide thermal range. The blood specimen of a 35 year old male donor who donated blood for the first time was subjected to detailed cell and serum grouping. There was a discrepancy between the results. The possibility of Bombay phenotype was considered and the sample was tested with anti H lectin. Further confirmation of blood group and secretor status was done from a reference laboratory. Family studies showed the same blood group in the elder sibling of the propositus. The present case highlights the significance of correlating cell and serum grouping results. Moreover, this blood group is very rare in North India. Family studies revealed the propositus to possess the B gene which was suppressed in the donor but expressed in the offsprings. The use of anti H in discrepant blood grouping results is recommended.

Expresión antigénica ABH y carácter secretor en pacientes con lesiones orales precancerosas y cancerosas / Secretor status and ABH antigens expression in patients with oral lesion

Los antígenos ABH, productos de la interacción de dos sistemas genéticos Hh y ABO, están sujetos a leyes de herencia y pueden estar localizados no sólo en los eritrocitos sino también en la mayoría de las células humanas. El objetivo del este trabajo fue investigar la relación entre el carácter secretor de pacientes con lesiones orales pre-malignas y malignas y la expresión antigénica ABH en cortes histológicos de dichas lesiones. Se trabajó con muestras incluídas en tacos de parafina de pacientes con lesiones orales. Los pacientes fueron clasificados en 2 grupos a) lesiones pre-malignas y malignas y b) lesiones benignas. Se investigaron los antígenos ABH por la técnica de inmunoadherencia específica modificada. Se utilizó la adherencia al tejido vascular como control positivo y al tejido adiposo como control negativo. Los resultados fueron semicuantificados desde adherencia fuertemente positiva a negativa. El carácter secretor fue determinado por la técnica de inhibición de la hemaglutinación. En 21 de las 34 muestras se observó una débil expresión antigénica en áreas atípicas, y deleción total en las áreas histológicamente afectadas por neoplasia. En 8 muestras hubo pérdida total de los antígenos ABH tanto en áreas normales como patológicas, estos pacientes presentaron un mayor grado de malignidad y metástasis que aquellos que conservaron la antigenicidad. Los pacientes con lesiones orales pre-malignas y malignas presentaron un incremento del carácter no secretor (52,3 por ciento) respecto de la población control (19,5 por ciento) y de aquellos pacientes con lesiones orales benignas (15.4 por ciento). Se observó una importante asociación entre pacientes no secretores y deleción de los antigenos ABH en muestras de lesiones orales. Además, hemos encontrado, en el grupo no secretor, una mayor malignidad de las lesiones orales como así también una mayor presentación de displasia epitelial. El estudio del carácter secretor en los pacientes con lesiones orales...

Beneficios do programa de controle da qualidade em imunohematologia na pratica transfusional / Benefits of the quality control program in immunohematology in transfusion medicine

O Programa de Controle de Qualidade Externo em Imunohematologia foi introduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade do diagnóstico em Imunohematologia. Foram realizadas 41 avaliações em 223 instituições no período de 1992 a 2003 que incluíram testes de proficiência para determinação ABO e RhD, fenotipagem Rh e K, teste direto da antiglobulina humana, pesquisa de anticorpos irregulares e identificação de anticorpos. No período de 12 anos o programa incluiu 8014 determinações de grupo sanguíneo ABO, 8000 classificações RhD, 5193 fenotipagens Rh, 5101 fenotipagens K, 7939 pesquisas de anticorpos irregulares, 4533 identificações de anticorpos e 7912 testes diretos da antiglobulina humana. Respostas incorretas foram classificadas como erros clericais, técnicos, ou não determinados. Ocorreu um número elevado de erros clericais na determinação do grupo sanguíneo ABO (76/76 erros), classificação RhD (34/58 erros) e na fenotipagem Rh (50/73 erros). Erros técnicos ocorreram predominantemente na determinação do antígeno D fraco (91/95 erros), na pesquisa de anticorpos irregulares (252/301 erros) e na identificação de anticorpos (321/335 erros) e estavam...

The Brazilian External Quality Assessment Program in Immunohematology (BEQAPI) was introduced with the objective of evaluating the quality of diagnosis in Immunohematology. From 1992 to 2003, proficiency tests for ABO grouping, Rh (D, C, c, E, e), K phenotyping, Direct Antiglobulin Testing (DAT), Antibody Screening (AS) and Antibody Identification (AI) were performed. Forty-one evaluations were carried out in 223 institutions. Over the period of 12 years, the program included 8,014 ABO typing, 8,000 RhD typing, 5,193 Rh (C, c, E, e), 5,101 K phenotyping, 7,939 AS, 4,533 AI and 7,912 DATs. Erroneous responses were classified as clerical, technical or undetermined. A substantial proportion of erroneous responses due to clerical errors occurred in ABO typing (76/76 errors), RhD typing (34/58 errors) and Rh phenotyping (50/73 errors). Technical errors occurred predominantly for weak D (91/95 errors), AS (252/301 errors) and AI (321/335 errors). Based on these results, since 1996, participants have received "Questions and Case Studies" as an incentive for training and education. The results of the present study show an improvement in the performance of participants in the course of the program. We...

Determinación de actividades hemaglutinantes en semillas de leguminosas con potencial para el tipeaje sanguíneo / Hemaglutination activity determination in leguminosae seeds with potential for blood typind

Las lectinas son glicoproteínas de orígen no inmune enlazadoras de carbohidratos. Los eritrocitos presentan en su membrana determinantes antigénicos oligosacrídicos responsables del grupo ABO. Para elaborar reactivos hemoclasificadores se evalúa el empleo de lectinas en el tipeaje de sangre. Se prepararon extractos de semillas de la flora Venezolana: Machaerium aculeatum y Crotalaria indigofora por agitación de las semillas finamente molidas con NaCl 0,85 por ciento, refrigeración y centrifugación. Se evaluó se especificidad, estabilidad y potencia para el tipeaje, siguiendo un diseño doble-ciego. Los extractos resultaron específicos para grupo "B" inhibiéndose su actividad por el monosacárido D-galactosa. A pesar que su título hemaglutinante fue bajo los extractos mostraron un índice nulo de determinaciones falsas en muestra de 90 donanates. Las preparaciones resultron estables, económicas y específicas. Sin embargo para que dichos reactivos se adapten a los requisistos exigidos por la FDA para hemoclasificdores es necesario aumentar su potencia de hemaglutinación

Frecuencias de grupos sanguíneos e incompatibilidades ABO y RhD, en La Paz, Baja California Sur, México / Blood group frequencies and ABO and RhD incompatibilities in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico

OBJECTIVE: To determine genic and phenotypic frequencies and predict the risk of incompatibility and maternal alloimmunization in the population of La Paz. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This descriptive study evaluated 1809 voluntary blood donors attending in 1998 the Hospital General de Zona of Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Zone General Hospital of the Mexican Institute of Social Security) in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Blood donors were typified by tube agglutination. The gene frequencies were estimated assuming equilibrium conditions, and incompatibilities and alloimmunization were statistically assessed with the chi 2 test. RESULTS: Percent frequencies were as follows: blood group O, 58.49; A, 31.40; B, 8.40; AB, 1.71; RhD, 95.36; and RhD negative, 4.64. Genic frequencies were: i, 0.7648; IA, 0.1821; IB, 0.0519; D, 0.7845; and d, 0.2155, respectively. Incompatibilities between couples and mother-child were 0.3023 and 0.1685 for ABO, 0.0442 and 0.0364 for RhD, and 0.0134 and 0.0061 for double incompatibility, respectively. The probability of maternal alloimmunization was estimated at 0.0309. CONCLUSIONS: The O and RhD groups were the most common in La Paz, although frequencies were among the lowest in Mexico, contrary to the case of A and RhD negative groups. The probabilities of maternal alloimmunization and of incompatibilities were also high. Ancestral white, black, and indigenous groups admixed in the northwestern part of Mexico; after migrating to Baja California Sur the admixture of the population probably became similar to that of the remainder of the northwestern area.

The expression of ABH and Lewis antigens in Brazilian semi-isolated Black communities

The expression of the ABH and Lewis blood groups was determined in blood and saliva samples from two semi-isolated Black communities of Northern Brazil: Cametá and Alcântara. The distributions of ABO blood group phenotypes and the ABH secretor status frequencies showed no significant differences between these populations. In contrast, there was a difference regarding the frequency of the red blood cell Le(a-b-) phenotypes, associated with erythrocyte/saliva discordance, as confirmed by the observation that individuals with Le(a-b-) red cells have the Lewis antigen in their saliva, resulting in a nongenuine Le(a-b-) phenotype, whose frequency was higher in Alcântara

Sistema sanguíneo Lewis em pacientes hansenianos / Lewis blood group system in leprosy patients

No presente estudo avaliamos a distribuiçäo fenotípica do grupo sanguíneo Lewis na saliva e nos eritrócitos de pacientes hansenianos. Foram analisados 47 pacientes e 40 indivíduos controles quanto a presença de antígenos ABH bem como dos antígenos Lewis nos eritrócitos e na saliva, pela reaçäo de aglutinaçäo e inibiçäo de aglutinaçäo. As frequências dos fenótipos Lewis e secretor/näo nesses pacientes e no grupo controle foram: Le(a- b+) = 29,8(por cento) 62,5(por cento); Le(a+ b-) = 25,5(por cento) 7,5(por cento); Le(a- b-) = 44,7(por cento) 30,0(por cento); secretor = 59,5(por cento) e näo secretor = 40,5(por cento) 15(por cento). Em análise de X2 encontramos diferença significativa tanto para o fenótipo Lewis como para o fenótipo secretor, em relaçäo ao grupo controle respectivamente: X2 = 10,46; GL = 2; p=0,005 e X2 = 5,64; GL = 1; p = 0,018. Da mesma forma, o teste Z de proporçöes foi realizado obtendo resultados significativos para os fenótipos Le (a + b-) e Le (a- b+), que foram respectivamente: Z = 2,219; p = 0,027 e Z = 3,058; p = 0,002. Os resultados indicam que o fenótipo Le (a+ b-) parece estar associado à suscetibilidade à hanseníase e fenótipo secretor com proteçäo. Discute-se que a presença de Le na saliva pode inibir a aderência do M. Leprae às células da mucosa, protegendo assim contra infecçäo

ABH and Lewis bllod group system: a study on two Amazonian Indian tribes

Phenotype frequencies of the ABH and systems were obtained for 110 individuals belonging to the Arara and Wai-Wai (Katuena tribes) of northern Brazil, who speak languages of the Cariban Stock. only ABH secretor phenotypes were observed, and all of them were of the "O" blood group. The Lewis-positive phenotype was found among the Arara and is also the most frequent among the Wai-Wai indians. Le(a-b-) subjects occurred only among the Wai-Wai, suggesting more variation within this group than among the Arara.

Estudio de la variante aint del antígeno A / Study of a antigen aint variant

Se definen como A intermedio (Aint) los hematíes que comparten caracteres con A1 y A2. Existen diferencias cualitativas y cuantitativas en los epitopes A. Los hematíes A1 son aglutinados por la lectina de Ulex Europaeus (anti-H), en tanto los hematíes Aint son débilmente aglutinados por ambas de manera inesperada. Se realizó una búsqueda de individuos Aint en una población hospitalaria de acuerdo con la reacción con las lectinas mencionadas. Se evaluó el proceso de aglutinación producida mediante una técnica cinética. Se estudiaron 557 muestras, resultando 285 O (51,1 por ciento), 216 A (38,8 por ciento), 45 B (8,1 por ciento), 8 A1B (1,4 por ciento) y 3 A2B (0,6 por ciento). Las muestras A se subdividieron en 173 A1, (80,2 por ciento), 31 A2 (14,3 por ciento) y 12 Aint (5,5 por ciento). Se observó, en las curvas de cinética, diferencia de reacción entre los hematíes de grupo A1 Aint y A2. Nuestros resultados concuerdan con observaciones previas sobre la marcada heterogeneidad de los hematíes Aint. El reconocimiento de de variantes débiles del grupo A reviste importancia cuando se presentan reacciones transfusionales hemolíticas y en la práctica forense. Importa señalar que el valor de este estudio es relevante, en Inmunogenética Poblacional, por su contribución al conocimiento del mestizaje con poblaciones negras

Primer hallazgo del subgrupo Bx en Costa Rica / Subgroup Bx in Costa Rica first finding

En un análisis de rutina, efectuando en un laboratorio clínico privado, se encontró el primer caso de un subgrupo Bx en Costa Rica, en una paciente de origen chino. Las pruebas realizadas en sus eritrocitos, sueros y saliva nos indican una débil presencia del antígeno B en sus eritrocitos, un bajo título del anticuerpo homólogo en su suero y la presencia de sustancias B y H en su saliva, resultados que son característicos de este subgrupo

El primer hallazgo de un subgrupo débil de B(Bm) en Costa Rica / The first feeble subgroup of B(Bm) in Costa Rica

En un análisis de rutina, efectuado en el Banco de Sangre del Instituto Materno Infantil Dr. Adolfo Carit Eva, se encotró un caso de un subgrupo débil de B en una paciente costarricense de 48 años de edad. Las pruebas realizadas en su eritrocitos, suero y saliva nos indican la ausencia del antígeno B en sus eritrocitos, la ausencia del anticuerpo homólogo en su suero y la presencia de sustancia B y H en su saliva, lo que nos permite clasificar a este subrupo con un Bm