Impacto da radioterapia e da quimioterapia sobre o aparelho genital feminino: procedimentos terapêuticos / Radiotherapy and chemotherapy impact on female genital apparatus: therapeutic procedures

No presente estudo apresentamos os diversos procedimentos terapêuticos existentes com o intuito de obter-se proteção e melhoria dos danos induzidos por radioterapia e quimioterapia no aparelho genital feminino.

The aim of this study is obtain a convenient analysis of different therapeutic methods to improve better conditions before and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the female genital apparatus.

O impacto da radioterapia e da quimioterapia no aparelho genital feminino / Radiotherapy and chemotherapy impact on female genital apparatus

O tratamento de diversos tipos de câncer poderá muitas vezes condicionar as pacientes a redução no seu potencial reprodutivo. As pacientes com diferentes neoplasias deverão ser informadas das opções terapêuticas e também das medidas necessárias para preservar sua fertilidade, dos possíveis danos no aparelho reprodutor feminino e das possibilidades futuras quanto à reprodução, antes de receberem qualquer orientação terapêutica. Esse foi o propósito deste estudo.

Treatment of several types of cancer, in many cases, lead to a reduction of the patients' reproductive potential. Such patients must be informed of different therapeutic options and possible resulting damage to the female reproductive tract, as well as all measures necessary for preserving their fertility and future possibilities to reproduce, prior to receiving any therapeutic orientation geared toward this goal. This was the basic purpose of this study.

Radioterapia lumboaórtica en pacientes con cáncer de cuello uterino: experiencia del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer / Paraortic radiotherapy in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma: Instituto Nacional del Cáncer experience

Antecedentes: El cáncer de cérvicouterino continúa siendo una enfermedad prevalente en Chile. Es frecuente recibir pacientes en etapas IIB y IIIB donde el riesgo de compromiso ganglionar pelviano y lumbo-aórtico es elevado y el tratamiento es radioquimioterapia. Objetivo: Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con cáncer cérvicouterino que recibieron radioterapia que incluía los territorios lumboaórticos. Método: Revisión de pacientes con cáncer cérvicouterino tratadas entre 1995 y 2007 en el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, Santiago, Chile. En 39 pacientes el tratamiento incluyó las cadenas lumboaórticas. Se analizó toxicidad y evolución. Se utilizaron dos técnicas de radioterapia: la primera durante la década del 90, donde se empleaban dos campos paralelos y opuestos (anterior y posterior) y una segunda actual, donde se irradian en conjunto la pelvis y los lumboaórticos a través de 4 campos (laterales y AP-PA). Resultados: El análisis dosimétrico de las dos técnicas confirma un mayor volumen irradiado de tejidos normales con la técnica de dos campos, fundamentalmente intestino delgado. La toxicidad fue significativamente diferente, siendo la que utilizamos hoy menos tóxica y con bajas complicaciones gastrointestinales, a pesar de recibir un tratamiento de radio-quimioterapia concomitante (55 por ciento vs 0 por ciento). Conclusión: La radioterapia lumboaórtica es un tratamiento con una tolerancia aceptable incluso con quimioterapia concomitante. Esta revisión nos obliga a elaborar un nuevo trabajo para evaluar si la radioterapia lumboaórtica reduce el riesgo de recidiva y aumenta la sobrevida.

Background: Uterine cancer is still a prevalent disease in Chile. Is common to treat patients with tumors in stages IIB and IIIB where the risk of pelvic and paraortic limph node involvement is very high. Its treatment is radio-chemotherapy. Objective: To present a retrospective analysis of patients that suffered cervix-uterine cancer who were treated with radiotherapy including the aortic-lumbar area. Methods: From the revision of patients who were treated of cervix-uterine cancer between the years 1995 and 2007, 39 were treated including aortic-lumbar chains. Evolution and toxicity were analyzed. Two radiotherapy techniques were used. The first one, during the nineties, included two parallel previous and later and opposed fields, and a second technique, currently used, where pelvis and paraortic are radiated at the same time through four lateral (AP-PA) fields. Results: The dosimeter analysis of both techniques shows that there is a higher volume of radiated normal tissue with the two fields techniques, mainly in the small bowel. On the other hand, the toxicity was significantly different being today's technique less toxic and showing low gastrointestinal side effects, despite receiving a simultaneous radio-chemotherapy (55 percent vs 0 percent). Conclusion: The paraortic radiotherapy treatment has an acceptable level of tolerance even under simultaneous radio-chemotherapy. Given the results of this study, we see the need for undergoing a new research project in order to evaluate if the aortic-lumbar radiotherapy may reduce the risk of relapse and increase in survival rate.

Cistitis posradioterapia / Post-radiotherapy cystitits

Se revisaron 300 expedientes de pacientes sometidas a radioterapia por neoplasias uterinas y con morbilidad secundaria en el aparato urinario. Tuvieron síntomas de cistitis 65.3%, y el tratamiento fue exclusivamente médico. Tuvieron alguna secuela que requirió tratamiento quirúrgico 34.7% de las pacientes.