Effect evaluation of surgical plus radio(chemo)therapy and non-surgery chemoradiotherapy treatment strategies for advanced tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: Using propensity score matching method(PSM) to investigate the clinical effect of surgical plus radio(chemo)therapy and non-surgery chemoradiotherapy treatment strategies for advanced tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 324 patients diagnosed with advanced tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma and treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2000 to 2018, confirmed by pathology and without distant metastasis. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates, the Cox proportional hazards model, and propensity score matching(PSM). Results: Of the 324 patients, 102 were treated with non-surgery chemoradiotherapy treatment strategies and 222 with surgical plus radio(chemo)therapy treatment. Cox multivariate analysis showed that the non-surgery treatment group had a favorable prognosis than the surgical treatment group, however, these outcomes were not significantly different [overall survival(OS): adjusted Hazard Ratios(aHR): 0.92, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.60-1.42; disease-specific survival(DSS): aHR: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.43-1.20; disease-free survival(DFS): aHR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.53-1.28]. The new patient cohort consisted of 102 subpairs after PSM. There were no significant differences between two groups(OS: aHR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.51-1.40; DSS: aHR: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.35-1.11; DFS: aHR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.49-1.33). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that patients with non-surgical treatment do not have significantly better survival outcomes compared to surgical treatment group, while non-surgical treatment has advantages in improving the quality of life of patients, so comprehensive treatment based on radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be recommended for advanced tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma.

Linfoma de amígdala: reporte de un caso pediátrico / Palatine tonsil lymphoma: a pediatric case report

El linfoma es la neoplasia maligna de cabeza y cuello más común en la población pediátrica. Las anifestaciones clínicas de linfoma en amígdala palatina son generalmente asimetría amigdalina, alteración en la apariencia de la mucosa y adenopatías cervicales. Ante una hipertrofia amigdalina unilateral, se debe diferenciar de cuadros infecciosos, procesos crónicos, otros tumores o simplemente una hiperplasia amigdalina benigna. El seguimiento estricto de la asimetría amigdalina es un pilar importante a la hora del diagnóstico de los pacientes con linfoma amigdalino, debido a que un tratamiento temprano es fundamental para el pronóstico. Se presenta una niña de 14 años con hipertrofia amigdalina unilateral y odinofagia, de aproximadamente 21 días de evolución sin respuesta al tratamiento antibiótico, con diagnóstico de linfoma de Burkitt. Presenta remisión completa de la enfermedad al año del diagnóstico.

Lymphoma is the most common childhood malignancy in the head and neck. The most common clinical manifestations of lymphoma in palatine tonsil are the tonsils asymmetry, alteration in the appearance of the mucous and cervical lymphadenopathy. The unilateral tonsillar hypertrophy must be differentiated with infectious processes, with chronic processes, other tumors or benign tonsillar hyperplasia. The monitoring of tonsillar hypertrophy is strict, because early diagnosis and treatment are of great importance in the prognosis of tonsillar lymphoma patients. A 14 year-old girl presents unilateral tonsillar enlargement and odynophagia. After 21 days of antibiotic treatment, she has not clinical improvement. The diagnosis is Burkitt's lymphoma. One year after diagnosis, she presents complete remission of the disease.

Clinical Analysis of 37 Patients with Primary Tonsil Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical manifestation, immunophenotypes and prognostic factors of patients with primary tonsil afftive large B cell lymphoma ( PT-DLBCL ).@*METHODS@#The clinical data including clinical characterstics, typing, staging, treatment efficacy and prognostic factors of PT-DLBCL patients were collected and analyzed restrospectively.@*RESULTS@#Out of 36 cases with the detinite cell origin, 24 cases (66.7%) were detecmined as the type of germinal center B-cell (GCB) and 12 cases (33.3%) was non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB), 15 (40.5%) out of 37 cases were in Ann Arbor stage Ⅰ, and 22 (59.5%) in stage Ⅱ. With the median follow-up of 44 (10-101) months, 2 cases (5.4%) failed to be followed-up, after treatment for 6 (3-8) cycles 35 patients were evaluated. Among them 26 cases (74.3%) reached to complete remission (CR), 8 cases (22.9%) to partial remission ( PR ), and 1 (2.8%) to stable disease (SD). Both the 3 years and 5 years progression-free survival ( PFS ) were 82.5%, and both 3 and 5 years overall survival (OS) were 95.5%. 5 cases (13.5%) received radiotherapy. The patients aged＞60 ( P＜0.05 ) or aged＞70 (P＜0.05) had shorter PFS than younger patients. The patients with increased lactic dehydrogenase ( LDH ) level (P＜0.01) and without rituximab (R) (P＜0.05) in the treatment regimen had relatively short OS.@*CONCLUSION@#The patients sensitive to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy have a good prognosis. Most of the patients can obtain long-term survival after treatment. The effect of combined immunotherapy are better than that of the simple chemotherapy.

Caracterización epidemiológica, clínica e histopatológica de la amigdalectmía, Hospital Escuela Universitario, Honduras / Tonsillectomy: epidemiological, clinical and histopathological characterization, Hospital Escuela Universitario, Honduras

Se define amigdalectomía a la disección de la amígdala palatina, unilateral o bilateral. La amigdalectomía es la cirugía más frecuente realizada en otorrinolaringología, en el año 2006, en Estados Unidos de América se realizaron 737 000 procedimientos. Objetivo: identificar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, e histopatológicas de niños y adultos sometidos a amigdalectomía, para la detección precoz y manejo oportuno de patologías malignas. Material y Métodos: estudio no experimental, descriptivo transversal, realizado en salas quirúrgicas del Bloque Materno Infantil y Otorrinolaringología del Bloque Médico Quirúrgico del Hospital Escuela Universitario, del periodo junio 2016 a marzo 2017; el universo fue igual a la muestra 100 pacientes, mayores de 3 años, sometidos a amigdalectomía. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la observación y la entrevista; se recolectó la información a través de un instrumento estructurado con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Los resultados fueron procesados en el programa estadístico EPI-INFO 7.0, aplicando frecuencias, porcentajes y medidas de tendencia central. El estudio se realizó previa aprobación del Comité de Ética. Resultados: en 100 pacientes, la edad media fue de 13 años; el mayor factor de riesgo relacionado a malignidad identificado, correspondió a la halitosis 84%, la manifestación clínica frecuente fue la roncopatía 100%, el diagnóstico histopatológico frecuente de las biopsias obtenidas fue la hiperplasia folicular 99%, se encontró un caso de linfoma, neoplasia maligna 1%. Conclusiones: La incidencia de malignidad fue baja, el análisis histopatológico obtenido de muestras de pacientes amigdalectomizados, es necesario para la detección oportuna y manejo precoz de patologías malignas, se recomienda realizar el estudio histopatológico.

Predictors of Long Term Prognosis of Dysphagia in Tonsil Cancer Patients / 대한연하장애학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors affecting long-term prognosis for dysphagia in tonsil cancer patients, after treatment. METHOD: This was a retrospective study of subjects who underwent a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) following treatment for stage 3 or 4 tonsil cancer. Data including sex, age, cancer characteristics, and methods of cancer treatment were collected. To evaluate the swallowing-related outcome, we collected data including findings regarding the last VFSS, method of feeding, and history of aspiration pneumonia requiring in-patient care. We evaluated the correlation between these data and the characteristics of cancer and treatment methods. RESULT: Among 32 subjects included in this study, eight had aspiration or penetration confirmed by the last VFSS. There were no significant differences in swallowing-related factors according to the presence of aspiration or penetration in the last VFSS. Patients who underwent curative tonsillectomy retained more residues on the last VFSS than those who did not. CONCLUSION: Among subjects with tonsil cancer, history of curative tonsillectomy was correlated with more pharyngeal residue. However, other cancer- or treatment-related factors did not affect the outcome of swallowing.

Neoplasias de orofaringe / Oropharyngeal neoplasms

Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo revisar os importantes aspectos acerca das neoplasias de orofaringe, com o intuito de atentarmos aos pontos relevantes quanto à epidemiologia, clínica e tratamento existentes atualmente, alertando ao público médico. Métodos: Como método, fez-se uma revisão na literatura acerca do tema, usando-se o banco de dados do PubMed e da SciELO, no período de 2012 a 2017. Os critérios de inclusão para os estudos utilizados como referência foram a abordagem terapêutica das neoplasias orofaríngeas e os dados referentes à epidemiologia da patologia. Resultados: Como resultado da presente revisão, viu-se que as neoplasias de orofaringe se caracterizam pelo acometimento das regiões compreendidas na base da língua, tonsilas palatinas, palato mole, paredes laterais e posteriores da orofaringe e valécula, sendo as localizadas nas amígdalas as mais frequentes. Atualmente, a infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV), associada aos fatores de risco mais conhecidos como o tabaco e o álcool, têm contribuído na incidência destes cânceres. O diagnóstico precoce influencia diretamente no prognóstico, sendo fundamental, para tanto, adequados anamnese e exame físico em consultório médico. Conclusões: Concluiu-se que o sexo masculino ainda representa o gênero mais acometido, a despeito de estar aumentando a incidência nas mulheres, e que os tratamentos propostos para as neoplasias de orofaringe estão em constante aperfeiçoamento no que tange a técnicas cirúrgicas e a tecnologias de combate a infecções virais, responsáveis pelo surgimento da doença.

Aims: The present study has as main objective to review the most important aspects concerning the neoplasms of the oropharynx, with the intent of listening to the relevant points regarding the epidemiology, clinical aspects and treatment that currently exist, alerting the physicians about its characteristics. Methods: As a method, it was made a literature review about the topic, using the database Pubmed and SciELO, between 2012 and 2017. The inclusion criteria for the studies used as reference were the therapeutic approach of oropharyngeal neoplasms and the data referring to the epidemiology. Results: As a result, we were able to confirm that the neoplasms of the oropharynx are basically characterized by the involvement of the regions included in the base of the tongue, tonsils, soft palate, lateral and posterior oropharynx walls and vallecula, being significantly more frequent the ones located in the tonsils. Currently, the infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV), as others more known risk factors as tobacco and alcohol, contribute in the incidence of these cancers. Early diagnosis directly influences the prognosis and, for this reason, adequate history and physical examination in the doctor's office are essential. Conclusions: It was concluded that the male gender is still the most affected gender, despite the increasing incidence in women, and that the proposed treatments for the malignancies of the oropharynx are in constant improvement which regards to surgical techniques and technologies that combat viral infections, which are responsible for the disease.

Comparison of the Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil Receiving Postoperative Ipsilateral Versus Bilateral Neck Radiotherapy: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis (KROG 11-07) / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

@#PURPOSE: The impact of postoperative ipsilateral neck radiotherapy (INRT) versus bilateral neck radiotherapy (BNRT) on the clinical outcomes of patients with tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma was analyzed retrospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 2001 and June 2012, 241 patients with T1-2 and N0-N2b tonsillar carcinoma from 16 institutes underwent postoperative INRT (n=84) or BNRT (n=157) following a tonsillectomy. Seventy patients were identified from each group by propensity score matching and compared in terms of the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method with a log-rank test. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 55 months (range, 3 to 133 months). The survival outcomes in the INRT and BNRT groups were similar: 5-year OS (92.8% vs. 94.0%, p=0.985), DFS (80.5% vs. 94.2%. p=0.085), LRRFS (88.1% vs. 97.1%, p=0.083), and DMFS (92.7% vs. 97.0%, p=0.370). Subgroup analysis revealed no contralateral neck recurrence in 61 patients with T1-2N0-2a regardless of the treatment groups. For 79 patients with N2b, contralateral neck recurrence was more common in the INRT group than in the BNRT group (7.9% vs. 0.0%), but the difference was not significant (p=0.107). The overall grade ≥ 2 toxicities were lower in the INRT group: acute (45.7% vs. 74.3%, p=0.001) and late (4.3% vs. 31.4%, p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: INRT is an attractive strategy for patients with T1-2N0-2a tonsillar carcinoma compared to BNRT. For patients with N2b, there was a small risk of contralateral neck recurrence when treated with INRT, but its impact on the OS was limited with successful salvage treatment.

A Case of Metachronous Human Papilloma Virus-Associated Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Head and Neck / 대한이비인후과학회지

Synchronous or metachronous head and neck cancer is known to occur in up to 20% of patients, negatively affecting long-term prognosis. We experienced a case of metachronous head and neck cancers in a Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive patient without a history of smoking, initially presenting with as a cancer of unknown primary (CUP), and then with a contralateral tonsil cancer with metastatic lymphadenopathy five years later. This report highlights the clinical usefulness of HPV typing to determine the optimal extent of surgery and the follow-up strategy in CUP.

A Case of Atlanto-Axial Joint Subluxation Following Tonsillectomy in Patient of Tonsillar Cancer with Preoperative Radiotherapy: Grisel's Syndrome / 대한이비인후과학회지

Grisel's syndrome, defined as the atlanto-axial joint subluxation not associated with a trauma or bone disease, is a rare complication following operative procedure and/or infections of the upper aerodigestive tract. Pathogenetically, it may occur in association with any condition that results in hyperemia and pathological relaxation of the transverse ligament of the atlanto-axial joint. When an inflammation heals, Grisel's syndrome can probably result in a fixation in the rotated position. It is diagnosed by physical and radiological findings. Early management, consisting of cervical immobilization and medical treatment, is considered a key factor for satisfactory outcome. Inappropriate treatment can result in a catastrophic consequence. Recently, we experienced a case of Grisel's syndrome following tonsillectomy in a patient with left palatine tonsillar cancer with preoperative radiotherapy. We report this case with a literature review.

A Case of a Primary Branchiogenic Carcinoma with a Synchronous Tonsil Squamous Cell Carcinoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

Branchiogenic carcinoma (BC), which is defined as squamous cell carcinoma arising from a branchial cyst, was first described by Volkmann in 1882. This rare disease is regarded as hypothetical, and remains a controversial disease entity. Among the diagnostic criteria of BC, the key point is the histologic demonstration of a cancer developing from the wall of an epithelial-lined cyst in the lateral site of the neck. In previous literature, many authors argued that this malignancy is actually cystic metastasis from oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. We report a case of a 49-year-old female who was diagnosed as a primary BC patient with a synchronous tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. Although this case did not meet the traditional diagnostic criteria because of existing tonsil cancer, we could diagnose these diseases as primary malignancies, since the transition zone was clearly seen, and there was no lymph node component in the histopathologic examination.

Buccinator Myomucosal Flap for Treatment of Osteoradionecrosis of the Mandible

The use of a myomucosal flap from the buccinator muscle is a valuable reconstruction method for intraoral defects. In this paper, we report the clinical advantages of using a buccinator myomucosal flap for the treatment of partial mandibular defects caused by osteoradionecrosis. We implemented a buccinator myomucosal flap for the reconstruction of a partial mandibular defect in a 55-year-old man with tonsil cancer and partial mandibular defects caused by osteoradionecrosis. The total operating time was 90 minutes. Twelve months after the reconstruction, the patient remains free of disease. A buccinator myomucosal flap can be used for the reconstruction of partial mandibular defects caused by osteoradionecrosis. It is a reliable method for reconstructing small mandibular defects.

Trends in Head and Neck Cancer in South Korea Between 1999 and 2012

OBJECTIVES: The purpose is to provide detailed estimates of population-based incidences of head and neck cancers (HNCs) between 1999 and 2012 in South Korea and to evaluate trends. METHODS: Data was reviewed from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database regarding the incidence of HNCs between 1999 and 2012. Locations that were surveyed included lip, oral tongue, oral cavity, major salivary gland, nasopharynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus, tonsil, hypopharynx, oropharynx, and larynx. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated and provided with 95% confidence intervals. The increase ratio of HNCs for and male-to-female ratios were also calculated. RESULTS: The incidence of lip (0.07–0.10/100,000 people) and oropharyngeal cancer (0.09–0.12/100,000 people) remained low during the study period while laryngeal cancer (1.17–2.08/100,000 people) occurred most frequently. The incidence of oral tongue, major salivary gland, tonsil, and hypopharynx increased steeply compared to other HNCs between 1999 and 2012. Male-to-female ratio was over 1.0 for all HNCs, especially for those of tonsil, hypopharynx, oropharynx, and larynx cancer which were >5.0. CONCLUSION: The incidence of all the HNCs except for laryngeal cancer has increased yearly in men and women in South Korea since 1998. Rates of oral tongue, major salivary gland, and tonsil cancer have increased the most rapidly during this time period.

Linfoma de amígdala en niño con asimetría tonsilar. caso clínico / Palatine tonsil lymphoma in children with tonsillar asymmetry. Case report

El tumor maligno de amígdalas es poco frecuente en niños. La asimetría amigdalina es, generalmente, secundaria a un proceso benigno, ya sea patología inflamatoria, diferencia en la profundidad de la fosa tonsilar o asimetría del pilar anterior. Sin embargo, puede indicar un trastorno subyacente grave, como el linfoma. El linfoma es el tumor maligno infantil más común en la cabeza y el cuello. En el 15% de los casos, afecta al anillo de Waldeyer. Las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes del linfoma de la amígdala palatina son la hipertrofia amigdalina unilateral, la alteración en la apariencia de la mucosa y la adenopatía cervical ipsilateral. El diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento adecuado son de gran importancia en el pronóstico. Presentamos un caso de linfoma amigdalino en un niño con asimetría amigdalina y destacamos la importancia del examen de la cavidad oral y del cuello para identificar alteraciones sospechosas de linfoma tonsilar.

Tonsil malignancy is uncommon in children. Tonsillar asymmetry is usually secondary to a benign process, either inflammatory conditions, differences in the tonsillar fossa depth or anterior pillar asymmetry. However, it may indicate a serious underlying disorder such as lymphoma. Lymphoma is the most common childhood malignancy in the head and neck. Approximately, 15% of the cases affect the Waldeyer's ring. The most common clinical manifestations of palatine tonsils lymphoma are unilateral tonsillar hypertrophy, alteration in the appearance of the mucosa and ipsilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are of great importance in the prognosis. We present a case of palatine tonsil lymphoma in a child with tonsillar asymmetry and we emphasize the importance of the examination of the oral cavity and the neck to identify suspicious alterations compatible with tonsillar lymphoma.

Tuberculosis amigdalina con foco pulmonar primario: reporte de un caso / Tonsillar tuberculosis, with primary pulmonary focus: a case report

La tuberculosis en una enfermedad infecciosa que afecta a varios órganos y tejidos del cuerpo, teniendo mayor tropismo por afección pulmonar, gastrointestinal y sistema nervioso central, e incluso tejido óseo, sin embargo se han reportado casos aislados de afección a otras estructuras en diferentes reportes de casos, de la misma forma en el que se presenta un paciente que acudió con síntomas a nivel del tejido amigdalino y posteriormente se evidenció involucramiento pulmonar considerándose a la infección amigdalina del presente caso como una tuberculosis amigdalar secundaria con foco primario a nivel pulmonar...

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that affects various organs and tissues, with greater tropism for lung disease, gastrointestinal and central nervous system tissue and even bone. However isolated cases of affection to Other structures have been reported,just Iike this patient who came with symptoms in the tonsils and subsequently,lung involvement became apparent. Theton sillar infection in this case was considered a secondary tuberculosis with primary focus in the lungs...

Clinical features and expressions of p16, p53 protein of human papillomavirus-related tonsillar carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the clinical characteristics, prognosis and molecular biological changes of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis of 61 TSCC cases treated from January 1999 to December 2012. Demographic data and clinical charts, including histologic grade of tumor, treatment and outcome of the patients, were reviewed.Human papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA were detected using SPF10-DNA enzyme immunoassay and LiPA genotyping method. Expressions of p16 and p53 proteins were examinated by immunohistochemistry. Survival rate was calculated with SPSS 19.0 software using the Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 55 males and 6 females, with a median age of 57 years. Of the 61 TSCC, 21 were with well differentiation, 19 with moderate differentiation and 21 with poor differentiation, including 7 patients at stage II, 10 at stage III and 44 at stage IV. HPV-positive rate of TSCC was 29.5% (18/61) and high-risk HPV-16 subtype accounted for 72.2% (13/18). The percentage of famel patients in HPV-positive TSCC was higher than HPV-negative TSCC (22.2% vs 4.7%).HPV-positive TSCC was more common in non-smoking patients (50.0% vs 79.1%, χ(2) = 5, 155, P = 0.023) and non-drinking patients (27.8% vs 51.2%, χ(2) = 4.346, P = 0.037). HPV-positive TSCC mostly presented with high expression of p16 protein (88.9% vs 16.3%, χ(2) = 28.481, P = 0.000), and low expression of p53 protein (72.7% vs 46.5%, χ(2) = 5.028, P = 0.025). The prognosis of patients with HPV-associated TSCC was significantly better than non-HPV-associated TSCC, and The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates of patients with HPV-positive TSCC were higher than those of patients with HPV-negative TSCC (87.7% vs 49.5% and 78.9% vs 33.0%, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPV-associated TSCC had unique clinicopathological and molecular biological features, showing better prognosis compared to HPV-negative TSCC.</p>

A case of selective embolization in treatment of advanced tonsillar cancer hemorrhage / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

This paper reports a case of recurrence of tonsillar cancer on the right 6 months after radiotherapy with pharyngeal hemorrhage for 4 days and aggravation in the next day. The pharyngeal hemorrhage was severe in the case and the maximum of single amount of bleeding was approximately 200 ml. The examination showed active bleeding on the ulcer with a diameter of 2 cm in the right tonsil and the depth of 1 cm. After repeated compression hemostasis proved to be invalid, selective embolization was applied on the patient and the symtoms of pharyngeal hemorrhage disappeared without complications. The patient was discharged after 2 weeks of observation without any recurrence of hemorrhage.

Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma/tumor: a clinicopathologic study / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic characteristics and diagnostic criteria of interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma/tumor (IDCS/T).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical features, histologic findings and results of immunohistochemical study in six cases of IDCS/T were analyzed, with review of literature.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age of patients ranged from 20 to 68 years. The sites of involvement included lymph node, tonsil and soft tissue. Histologically, the tumor cells were arranged in sheets, fascicles or whorls and intimately admixed with abundant lymphocytes and plasma cells. They were oval to spindly in shape and contained pale eosinophilic cytoplasm, oval nuclei and distinct nucleoli.Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were positive for S-100 protein and CD68.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IDCS/T is a rare malignant tumor with poor prognosis. It carries distinctive histologic pattern and immunophenotype. The entity needs to be distinguished from follicular dendritic cell sarcoma/tumor, anaplastic large cell lymphoma and other spindle cell sarcomas in occurring soft tissue.</p>

Clinical pathological analysis of 7 cases of primary tonsil diffuse large B cell lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

Tonsil is the most frequent site of the head and neck non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and the diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common pathological type in tonsil NHL. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of clinical manifestation, immunophenotype, prognostic factor of primary tonsil DLBCL and its treatment strategy. The clinical data of 7 newly diagnosed patients with primary tonsil DLBCL from October 2009 to February 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. The results indicated that the pharynx or sore throat as the fist symptom was found in all patients. Out of 7 cases, 3 was in Ann Arbor stage I (42.8%), a case was in stage II (57.1%). Pathological immunohistochemical detection showed that the CD10 positive rate was 100%, BCL-2 positive rate was 83.3%, BCL-6 positive rate was 71.4%, Ki-67 ≥ 70% was 66.7%. They were all sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Following up 4 to 40 months, they were all alive. It is concluded that most patients with primary tonsil DLBCL are at early stage, have an obvious characteristics of onset ages, clinical manifestations, pathological histology and achieve better remission through combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Osteoradionecrosis of Jaw in Head and Neck Cancer Patient Treated with Free Iliac Bone and Umbilical Fat Pad Graft / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

Osteoradionecrosis is one of the most serious complications of patients receiving radiation therapy. It is characterized by hypovascularity, hypocellularity, and hypoxia-inducing necrosis of bone and soft tissue following delayed healing. In this case, a 72-year-old man was referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery complaining of trismus following extraction three months before first visit. He had a history of right tonsillectomy, radical neck dissection and radiotherapy performed due to right tonsillar cancer seven years prior. After the diagnosis of osteoradionecrosis on right mandibular body and angle, conservative antibiotic therapy was used first, but an orocutaneous fistula gradually formed, and extensive bony destruction and sequestrum were observed. Sequestrectomy, free particulated iliac bone and umbilical fat pad graft were performed via a submandibular approach under general anesthesia. Preoperative regular exams and delicate wound care led to secondary healing of the wound without vascularized free flap reconstruction.