A pilot study on the identification of human papillomavirus genotypes in tongue cancer samples from a single institution in Ecuador

The relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma has been established. However, data from Ecuador is limited. The objective of this study was to characterize HPV infection in Ecuadorian patients with tongue cancer. Fifty-three patients with tongue cancer treated at the tertiary referral center Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cancer (SOLCA), Guayaquil, between 2006 and 2011 were identified. Linear Array® HPV genotyping was used to identify the presence and types of HPV on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from these patients with tongue cancer. HPV was identified in 42% (n=22) and high-risk (HR) HPV in 17% (n=9), with 18 different HPV types identified. The most common types were the HR HPV 33 (14%) and low-risk HPV 67 (14%), followed by the HR HPV 58. More than one HPV type was identified in 27.3% of cases. HPV 33 was frequently associated with other HPV types. No statistically significant differences in gender (P=0.58) and age (P=0.12) were observed between HPV-positive and HPV-negative cases. HPV was identified in almost half of the tongue cancer samples, with subtypes 33 and 67 being the most common. This suggested that HPV played an important role in this disease in the population studied. Given these results, current HPV vaccines may not be as effective in reducing tongue cancer rates in this population.

A 10-year analysis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma profile in patients from public health centers in Uruguay

The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics and predictive factors of poor prognosis in patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Uruguay. Medical records of patients with the diagnosis of primary OSCC treated between 2000 and 2010 in Uruguayan public hospitals were selected. Data on demographic characteristics, risk factors, clinical features, treatment, and outcome were collected. Associations of independent variables with outcomes were assessed using Pearson chi-squared and Fisher's tests. Of 200 patients with OSCC, 79.4% were men (3.8:1 male:female ratio), with a mean age of 60.75 ± 11.26 years. Tobacco and alcohol consumption were reported by 85.3% and 63.5% of patients, respectively. The most commonly affected location was the tongue (42.5%), with lesions exhibiting ulcerous aspects in 87.9% of cases and pain at the time of diagnosis in 70.4% of cases. One hundred sixty-one (82.1%) patients had advanced-stage (III/IV) OSCC. Surgery was the most common treatment option, and the overall 5-year survival rate was 58.5%. Univariate analysis showed that the predictors of poor prognosis were clinical aspect, size, regional metastasis, clinical stage, and treatment. In Uruguay, OSCC is diagnosed late, which is associated with a low survival rate. Educational and preventive measures and investment to improve early diagnosis should be undertaken.

Lesions of Tongue : A Five Year Experience.

Context: Tongue lesions are quite common and affect both genders and all age groups. However, very few studies concentrate on the histopathological spectrum of tongue lesions, usually including them as a part of oral cavity lesions. No such study has been published from the newly formed state of Uttarakhand. Aim: A retrospective review of histopathology of various types of tongue lesions in different age groups of both genders, amongst cases reported in the department of pathology. Methods and Materials: Study included a total of 121 cases of tongue lesions reported in the histopathology section over a duration of five years, from July 2004 to June 2009. Result: In this study, the most common lesions were malignant (58.7%), followed by benign lesions (33%) and pre-malignant lesions (8.3%). The most common site for tongue lesions was base of tongue (52.8%). Common age groups affected were 41- 50 years (27.2%) and 51-60 years (28.0%). The most common clinical presentation was growth and induration. Overall males were affected more than females; with Male:Female ratio of 3.3:1. Conclusions: The commonest tongue lesion in this study was moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma among the malignant lesions whereas chronic inflammation was the commonest out of non-malignant lesions. Tongue may show some less common tumours like schwannoma and hemangioma etc.

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC): alcohol and tobacco consumption versus non-consumption. A study in a Portuguese population

There has been an increase in the incidence of carcinoma of the tongue, particularly among alcohol and tobacco non-users. However, the number of studies that would allow a better understanding of etiological factors and clinical features, particularly in the Portuguese population, is very limited. This study was based on patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior two thirds of the tongue that were treated at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of the “Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Lisboa - Francisco Gentil” (IPOLFG) in Lisbon, Portugal, between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2009. The patients were divided in alcohol and tobacco users and non-users in order to evaluate the differences between these 2 groups based on gender, age, tumor location, denture use, and tumor size, metastasis and stage. Of the 354 cases, 208 were users and 146 were non-users. The main location in both groups was the lateral border of the tongue. Denture use showed no significant effect in both study groups. It was possible to conclude that patients who did not drink or smoke were older and presented with smaller tumor size, lower incidence of ganglion metastasis and lower tumor stage compared with alcohol and tobacco users.

Um aumento do carcinoma da língua, particularmente entre os não consumidores de álcool e tabaco tem se verificado recentemente. No entanto, o número de estudos que permitam uma melhor compreensão dos fatores etiológicos e características clínicas, particularmente na população Portuguesa, é muito limitado. Este estudo foi baseado em pacientes com carcinoma de dois terços anteriores da lingual que foram atendidos e tratados no Departamento de Cabeça e Pescoço do “Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil” (IPOLFG), Portugal, entre 1 de janeiro de 2001 e 31 de dezembro de 2009. Eles foram divididos em usuários de álcool e tabaco e não usuários, a fim de avaliar as diferenças entre estes 2 grupos com base no sexo, idade, localização do tumor, o uso de prótese dentária, tamanho do tumor, metástase e estágio. Dos 354 casos estudados, 208 eram usuários de álcool e tabaco e 146 eram não-usuários. A localização principal, em ambos os grupos, foram a bordos laterais da língua. O uso de prótese dentária mostrou não ter um efeito significativo em ambos os grupos de estudo. Pode-se concluir que os não-usuários de álcool e tabaco eram mais velhos e apresentaram carcinoma de menores dimensões, menor incidência de metástases ganglionares e um estágio mais inicial da doença do que os etilistas e fumantes.

Relationship between squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior two thirds of the tongue and removable denture use: a pioneer study in a Portuguese population

The aim of the study was to determine whether there is any relationship between the presence of removable dentures and squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior two thirds of the tongue in a Portuguese population. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, who were seen and treated at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology 'Francisco Gentil', Lisbon, Portugal, during a 3-year period. Several factors were examined: gender, use of removable dentures, age, location of the lesion, and alcohol and tobacco consumption. One hundred and six cases were selected from the initial 151 cases, with a male:female ratio of 3:1 and the lateral borders being the most commonly affected site. The prevalence in both genders was between the sixth and seventh decade of life. Men were more likely to consume alcohol and tobacco than women, and no relationship was observed between denture use and presence of carcinoma of the tongue. In light of the data obtained, it may be considered that female use of a denture plays an important role, but it cannot be identified as a remarkable etiologic factor.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se existe alguma relação entre o uso de prótese removível e o carcinoma escamoso dos dois terços anteriores na população portuguesa estudada. Um estudo retrospectivo foi conduzido em paciente com diagnóstico anatomopatologico de carcinoma escamoso dos dois terços anteriores, diagnosticados no Instituto Português de Oncologia, Francisco Gentil, Lisboa desde 1 de Janeiro de 2001 até 31 de Dezembro de 2003. Diferentes fatores foram analisados: o gênero, uso de prótese removível, idade, localização, álcool e tabaco. Dos 151 casos iniciais de carcinoma, foram selecionados 106 casos mostrando numa proporção de 3:1 (masculino/feminino). Os bordos laterais foram a localização mais comum e a prevalência em ambos os sexos sitou-se entre a sexta e a sétima década. A presença de álcool e tabaco foi significativamente mais comum nos homens não se observando relação entre o uso de prótese e a presença do carcinoma na língua. Não se observou relação estatística entre o uso de prótese removível e o carcinoma escomoso dos dois terços anteriores da língua. Face aos resultados, o uso de prótese no sexo feminino desempenha um papel importante ainda que não possa ser considerado um fator etiológico significativo.

Trends in the epidemiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Western UP: An institutional study.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to identify trends in incidence rates of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) at specific anatomic sites or within specific age or sex groups in the Western Uttar Pradesh population. Materials and Methods: The study covers the period from January 2004 through April 2009. OSCC cases were retrospectively analysed for site, age, gender and habits and the findings were formulated to chart the trends in Western U.P. Results: The study revealed a male to female ratio of 2.2:1 with the largest number of OSCCs developing in the fourth and fifth decades of life. Overall, the most common site was the buccal mucosa (63.75%), followed by retromolar area (15%), floor of the mouth (11.25%), lateral border of the tongue (3.75%), labial mucosa (3.75%), and palate (2.5%). Smokeless tobacco habit was more prevalent than smoking tobacco in both men as well as women. Karl - Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to find the degree of association between the two variables i.e. between gender to buccal mucosa and gender to smokeless and smoking tobacco habits, which were found to be positively correlated with respect to the age. Conclusion: Oral cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with an incidence rate that varies widely by geographic location. Even within one geographic location, the incidence varies among groups categorized by age, sex, site or habit.

A review of Granular cell tumours at the University Hospital of the West Indies: 1965-2006 / Un estudio de los tumores de células Granulares en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies: 1965&2006

OBJETIVE: Granular cell tumours are uncommon lesions that occur in a wide variety of sites. They are usually benign, but as they are infrequently diagnosed preoperatively, they may be confused clinically with malignant lesions. The objective of this study was to assess the relative frequency and the clinico-pathologic characteristics of granular cell tumours identified at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) over a 41-year period. METHODS: The archives of surgical pathology reports in the Department of Pathology at the UHWI from 1965 to 2006 were searched for all cases of granular cell tumour. From these records, a number of demographic and other data were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty cases of granular cell tumours were found in 122 patients. Of these, 99 patients were female and 23 male, providing a male: female ratio of 1 to 4.3. The ages ranged from 5 days to 82 years with a mean age (excluding the 2 youngest cases) of 34.4 years. Lesions ranged in size from 0.2 cm to 10 cm in greatest dimension, the average size being 1.85 cm and were found in a diverse array of anatomic locations, the most common being the vulva, breast and tongue. The correct clinical diagnosis was proffered preoperatively in only one case. In contrast, a malignant diagnosis was suggested in 19 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other studies, there was a notable difference in the distribution of granular cell tumours in this series. In particular, lesions of the tongue accounted for fewer than expected, while lesions of the breast and vulva were considerably increased. The well-recognized female predominance was also substantially higher than in other studies.

OBJETIVO: Los tumores de células granulares son lesiones poco comunes que ocurren en una amplia variedad de lugares. Por lo general son benignos, pero como son raramente diagnosticados preoperativamente, puede confundírseles clínicamente con lesiones malignas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la frecuencia relativa y las características clínico-patológicas de los tumores de células granulares identificados en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies (HUWI) en un período de 41 años. MÉTODOS: Se investigaron los archivos de los reportes de patologías quirúrgicas en el Departamento de Patología de la UHWI, de 1965 a 2006, en busca de todos los casos de tumores de células granulares. A partir de estos archivos, se registraron y analizaron un número de datos demográficos y de otra índole. RESULTADOS: Se hallaron un total de ciento treinta casos de tumores de células granulares en 122 pacientes. De estos, 99 pacientes era mujeres y 23 hombres, para una proporción varón: hembra de l a 4.3 Las edades estuvieron en un rango de 5 días a 82 años con una edad promedio (excluyendo los dos casos de menos edad) de 34.4 años. El tamaño de las lesiones fluctuó de 0.2 cm a 10 cm como la mayor dimensión, siendo el tamaño promedio 1.85 cm. Estas lesiones se encontraban distribuidas en una variedad de lugares anatómicos, siendo los más comunes la vulva, el pecho y la lengua. El diagnóstico clínico correcto fue presentado preoperativamente sólo en un caso. En contraste con ello, se sugirió un diagnóstico maligno sólo en 19 casos. CONCLUSIONES: En comparación con otros estudios, hubo una notable diferencia en la distribución de los tumores de células granulares en este serie. En particular, las lesiones de la lengua dan cuenta de menos casos de los que se esperaba, mientras que las lesiones del pecho y la vulva presentaban un aumento considerable. El bien reconocido predominio femenino fue sustancialmente más alto que en otros estudios.

Oral and oropharyngeal cancer in a Venezuelan population

El propósito del presente trabajo fue analizar los casos diagnosticadoscomo Cáncer Bucal y Orofaríngeo en una población venezolana. Se evaluaron clínicamente 130 pacientes con Cáncer Bucal y Orofaríngeo con diagnóstico histopatológico de carcinoma decélulas escamosas. Los pacientes fueron analizados de acuerdo al género, edad, consumo de alcohol y tabaco. Noventa y un pacientes (70 por ciento) correspondieron al género masculinoy treinta y nueve (30 por ciento) al femenino. El rango de edad de los pacientes fue de 26-86 años. El consumo de tabaco, alcohol y de ambos fue de 84.3 por ciento, 49.1 por ciento y 45.4 por ciento respectivamente en lospacientes estudiados. La localización anatómica orofaríngea mas común fue la base de la lengua con un 22.3 por ciento, seguida de amígdalas 13.9 por ciento, mientras que la localización bucal mas frecuente fue lengua (19.2 por cienot), seguida por encía y mucosa del reborde alveolar (10.8 por ciento) y piso de boca (7.7 por ciento). La mayoría de los tumores (77.7 por ciento) fueron diagnosticados en un estadio avanzado ( III o IV);la metástasis a ganglios linfáticos regionales se presentó en un53.1 por ciento de los casos. De acuerdo al grado de diferenciación se observó que un 45.4 por ciento correspondieron a carcinoma de células escamosas bien diferenciado, un 46.1 por ciento a moderadamente diferenciadoy un 8.5 por ciento a pobremente diferenciado. Los casos de cáncer bucal fueron en un 56.7 por ciento bien diferenciados , mientras que la mayoría de los casos orofaríngeos fueron clasificados como moderadamente o pobremente diferenciados (72.3 por ciento) p<0.002. Adicionalmente, los casos no metastásicos (N0) mostraron un predominio de tumores bien diferenciados (61.2 por ciento) mientras que los metastásicos (N+) fueron clasificados como moderadamente o pobremente diferenciados en un 89.8 por ciento (p<0.001).

Identification of risk factors for specific subsites within the oral and oropharyngeal region--a study of 647 cancer patients.

Studies on site specific risks for oral cancers are few. Present investigation explores the possible role of human sociodemographic factors in causing oral cancer. Majority of patients had poor oral hygiene (85.5%) and belonged to 51-60 years age group (35.7%). Most of the subjects were agriculture workers (30.3%). Tongue and floor of mouth included majority of the affected sites (77.2%). Male to female ratio was highest for tonsil (32.3%) but differed marginally for other subsites. Majority of females used tobacco (81%) while males users of tobacco, alcohol and smoking reported in nearly equal proportions. Tobacco and smoking were found as primary risk factors for several intraoral subsites. However, for tongue, palate and lip no risk factor could be identified from given patients' characteristics. In general, tobacco posed high risk for buccal mucosa and alveolus in comparison to other subsites. Smoking affected tonsil and floor of mouth more than other sites. Alcohol posed more risk for buccal mucosa and floor of mouth than tongue.

Risk assessment of tobacco, alcohol and diet in cancers of base tongue and oral tongue--a case control study.

This is a retrospective case-control study of male tongue cancer patients seen at Tata memorial Hospital, Bombay, during the years 1980-84. The purpose of the study was to identify the association of tobacco, alcohol, diet and literacy status with respect to cancers of two sub sites of tongue namely anterior portion of the tongue (AT) (ICD 1411-1414) and base of the tongue (BT) (ICD 1410). There were 142 male AT patients and 495 BT patients interviewed during the period. 635 interviewed male patients who were free of any disease were considered as control. Bidi smoking was found to be a significant risk factor for BT patients and tobacco chewing for AT patients respectively. Alcohol drinkers showed about 45% to 79% excess risk for both sites of tongue cancer. Illiteracy and non vegetarian diet proved to be a significant factor for AT patients only. The study brings out that the location of cancer has got a direct bearing with the type of tobacco use and other related habits and this inturn may provide meaningful interpretation of variations observed in the incidence of tongue cancer around the world.

Carcinoma espinocelular de língua: análise dos dados clínicos, sociodemográficos / Squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue: analysis of clinical and social demographic features and prognostic factors

No presente estudo foram avaliados 895 casos de carcinoma espinocelular de língua (2/3 anteriores) tratados no Hospital A. C. Camargo no período de 1953 à 1990. Quanto aos dados clínicos, houve um predomínio do sexo masculino, raça branca e idade acima dos 50 anos. Apenas 9,2 por cento dos casos foram diagnosticados no estádio clínico I, sendo que o sexo feminino apresentou uma maior freqüência de disgnósticos neste estádio. O consumo de fumo foi encontrado em 86,0 por cento dos casos e 72,2 por cento dos pacientes consumiam bebidas alcoólicas. O período médio de duraçäo dos sintomas foi de até 6 meses. Apenas 2,2 por cento dos casos foram encaminhados ao Hospital por cirurgiöes-dentistas. A taxa de ocorrência de segunda neoplasia foi de 8,5 por cento. Na análise univariada da sobrevida global, encontrou-se um melhor prognóstico associado aos estádios iniciais, ausência de metástase regional, sexo feminino, näo fumantes ou alcoólatras e submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Houve uma melhora progressiva do prognóstico ao longo das décadas estudadas. Na análise multivariada, as variáveis relacionadas ao aumento do risco de óbito foram estadiamento T e N avançados, década de admissäo ao tratamento, consumo de álcool e idade acima de 60 anos. No grupo submetido a tratamento cirúrgico encontrou-se um aumento do risco de óbito no sexo feminino

Cancer de la Lengua y del Suelo de la Boca. Reporte de 52 casos / Cancer of the tongue and of the floor of the mouth. Report on 52 cases

Se realizo un estudio de 52 pacientes que presentaban neoplasias malignas de la lengua y del suelo de la boca vistos en el servicio de Cirugia Maxilofacial del Hospital Provincial Clinicoquirurgico Docente de Cienfuegos "Gustavo Aldereguia". La pesquisa abarco el periodo comprendido de enero de 1987 a diciembre de 1994, con el proposito de describir las mas frecuentes, el estadio tumoral y la terapeutica utilizada. Se revisaron todas las historias clinicas; los casos en tratamiento fueron reevaluados, se analizo el estadio tumoral, las modalidades terapeuticas y los resultados histopatologicos. La principal neoplasia maligna fue el carcinoma espinocelular bien diferenciado, el mayor numero de enfermos estaban en el estado III y IV y la terapeutica de mayor uso fue la cirugia, ademas se analizaron nuevas modalidades terapeuticas

Tumeurs de la langue au service de stomatologie de l'hopital de Kati : a propos de 25 cas

Il a ete entrepris a l'hopital de Kati dans le Service de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie maxillo-faciale entre janvier 1981 et mars 1993 une etude retrospective sur les tumeurs de la langue. L'etude fut effectuee sur 25 patients dont 14 hommes (56;0 pour cent) et 11 femmes (44;0 pour cent). La moyenne d'age etait de 47;36 ans avec des extremes de 20 et de 80 ans. La langue mobile etait la plus touchee avec 12/25 cas soit 48;0 pour cent contre 4 pour cent pour la base. La predominance etait masculine avec 14/25 cas (56;0 pour cent). Les tumeurs etaient dominees dans leur ensemble par des carcinomes 19/25 cas (76;0 pour cent) dont 9/19 cas d'epidermoides spinocellulaires soit 47;30 pour cent. En matiere d'occupation les cultivateurs venaient en tete avec 44;0 pour cent; les patients venant du district de Bamako etaient les plus nombreux dans les consultations (36;0 pour cent) devant ceux de la premiere region (28;0 pour cent). L'ethnie la plus frequente fut celle des Bamanans 40 pour cent et des Sarakoles 24;0 pour cent

Frecuencia y tipos de lesiones en un laboratorio de patología oral / Frequency and types of lesions in an oral pathology laboratory

En esta presentación se describe el resultado del análisis de 301 muestras estudiadas en el laboratorio de patología bucal de la Facultad de Odontología de La Plata durante un período de tres años. Dos tercios correspondieron a lesiones de la mucosa bucal, 24,4 por ciento a los maxilares, 9,2 por ciento a las glándulas salivales y 14 casos fueron carcinomas epidermoides. Si bien las cifras son pequeñas, nuestras intención es promover el interés de los odontólogos hacia la biopsia

Factores que influyen en la evolución del cáncer localizado de lengua tratado con intención curativa. Resultados en 111 observaciones / Factors in evolution of tongue cancer in initial stage treated with curative intention

Entre 1978 y 1990 fueron tratados 111 pacientes en Estadíos I y II de carcinoma epidermoide de lengua. Las 6ta y 7ma décadas de la vida agrupan a más del 50%de la población en estudio, en la que prevaleció el sexo masculino en una relación 1.7:1. Las lesiones de la lengua móvil representaron el 84.7%del total. La cirugía y la radioterapia logran iguales posibilidades de controlar estas lesiones, aunque la primera da mayor seguridad al permitir el estudio intraoperatorio de los márgenes de resección. Por otro lado, la morbilidad y recurrencias resultaron más frecuentes post-tratamiento rediante. Del análisis de las variables pronósticos, el tamaño y la diferenciación histológica han alcanzado significación estadística. Por el contrario, el sexo, la edad y la localización no llegaron a ser estadísticamente significativos. La supervivencia a 5 años del 73.3%en el Estadío I y del 41.5%en el Estadío II coinciden en términos generales con los resultados publicados en la literatura internacional. La incidencia de 2do y 3er primarios se mantuvo en niveles convencionales: 4.5

Revisión epidemiológica del carcinoma de lengua en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología en el periodo comprendido entre 1983 y 1987 / Epidemiologic review of carcinoma of the tongue in Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia during the period from 1983 to 1987

El presente trabajo está dirigido a efectuar una revisión epidemiológica del carcinoma de lengua mediante el análisis de 106 historias clínicas del INC durante el periódo comprendido entre 1983 - 1987. Se trataron temas como nomenclatura, características de las neoplasias, estados de cáncer, factores predisponentes, anatomia lingual, tumores en cavidad oral, sistema TNM, diagnóstico, pronóstico, tratamiento. Se presenta el análisis de las variables independientes (factores asociados, relacionados o condicionantes) y la variable dependiente (cáncer lingual). Concluyendo: (20) - El pico epidemiológico se presentó en 1985 con el mayor número de casos diagnósticados (25 casos) - La mayor frecuencia del carcinoma lingual se presentó a partir de la sexta década predominando el sexo masculino (34) - Principales antecedentes tóxicos de pacientes con éste tipo de lesión son el cigarrillo y el alcohol (16) - La localización más frecuente del carcinoma lingual es los bordes laterales seguida por 2/3 anteriores de la lengua (19) - El carcinoma lingual más frecuente es el escamocelular bien diferenciado (10)