Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Reporting : A Study of Application of Probabilistic Approach.

Background: This study is based on application of probabilistic approach in reporting of breast fine needle aspiration cytology, its accuracy and correlation with likelihood of carcinoma in histology. Material and Method: Breast cytology was reported according to 1 of 6 categories, positive, suspicious, atypical, proliferative without atypia, unremarkable and unsatisfactory. Histologic correlation was done whenever possible. Results: Out of total 515 cases, 138 were correlated in histology. There were no false positive cases. The probability of finding carcinoma on histology, for suspicious and atypical categories was 94.11% and 75% respectively. All lesions from proliferative without atypia and unremarkable categories were benign on histology. Conclusion: The probabilistic approach is uniform, accurate method and easy to apply in reporting of breast FNAs. Suspicious and atypical categories were associated with increased incidence of carcinoma in histology and therefore such cases should be further evaluated for histology.

Immunohistochemical staining of oestrogen receptors in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brest carcinomas and its correlation with other prognostic factors

The observation that many breast cancers demonstrated hormone dependency led to the discovery of oestrogen receptors in these carcinomas. The presence of these receptors is now an established index of both improved prognosis and better therapeutic response. Identification of oestrogen receptors was initially possible only in fresh frozwen tissues. Subsequently, improved immunohistochemical techniques and paraffin-embedded breast tissues were developed. In this study, oestrogen receptors were assessed and analysed in 30 cases of routinely processed, formalin fixed and paraffin wax-embedded breast tissue with carcinoma. ERICA kit was used. Different indices of prognosis including age, degree of tumour differentiation, severity of necrosis, and menstrual activity were correlated with oestrogen receptor status of breast carcinoma. Out of 30 cases, 18 were positive for oestrogen receptors. It was noticed that perimenopausal females with a well differentiated carcinoma showed a higher degree of positivity for oestrogen receptors. Severity of elastosis and the number of involved lymph nodes revealed no linear relationship with the oestrogen receptor status. Oestrogen receptor assay on formalin - fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was found to be a reliable, inexpensive and an easy method

Correlaton between estrogen receptors and histo-pathological parameters in human breast cancer

A monoclonal antibodies immunoassay technique was used to demonstrate oestrogen receptors in 50 in freshly excised human breast tumours. 48 cases were infiltrating duct carcinoma and 2 cases were infiltrating lobular carcinoma. The relationship between oestrogen receptors, histopathological type, histopathologicalIy and nuclear grades, fibrosis, elastosis and necrosis was evaluated. Oestrogen receptors positivity was demonstrated in 44 out of 50 cases. A significant positive correlation was found between histopathological and nuclear grades and oestrogen receptors content, well differentiated tumours rarely lacked oestrogen receptors. Tumours with marked fibrosis showed less oestrogen receptors content than tumours with mild fibrosis, Elastotic tumours were more oestrogen receptors positive than non elastotic tumours. Those with marked elastosis showed higher oestrogen receptors content than tumours with moderate and mild elastosis. A significant correlation was found between oestrogen receptors content and necrosis, tumours without necrosis showed higher oestrogen content than those with necrosis. The previous results may explain significant higher 2 year recurrent survival in cases with well differentiated tumours, little fibrosis and absent necrosis found in the present study

Carcinoma mamario in situ: I parte: caracteres anátomo e histopatológicos / Mammary carcinoma in situ: part I: anatomic and histopathologic characters

El carcinoma mamario in situ corresponde a un estado intermedio entre el epitelio benigno y el cáncer infiltrante. Con el advenimiento de la mamografía su detección se ha hecho mucho más fácil y frecuente. En el carcinoma in situ las células neoplásicas no atraviesan la membrana basal. Existen 2 variedades que son el intraductal y el lobulillar. Se analizan la frecuencia, las características histológicas, las diversas formas que pueden revestir el tipo intraductal (sólido, comedocarcinoma, cribiforme, papilar, mural, etc.) y la evolución de cada una de las 2 variedades de carcinoma mamario in situ