Tyramine exerts hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects in vivo

Abstract Obesity and dyslipidemia are conditions often associated with cardiovascular risk, inflammation, oxidative stress, and death. Thus, a new approach has been highlighted to promote research and development of pharmacological tools derived from natural sources. Among the most widely studied groups of substances, polyphenols such as tyramine stand out. This study investigated hypolipidemic and anti-obesity properties of tyramine. Oral toxicity evaluation, models of dyslipidemia and obesity were used. To induce dyslipidemia, Poloxamer-407 (P-407) was administered intraperitoneally. In the hypercholesterolemic and obesity model, specific diet and oral tyramine were provided. After 24h of P-407 administration, tyramine 2 mg/kg (T2) decreased triglycerides (TG) (2057.0 ± 158.5 mg/dL vs. 2838 ± 168.3 mg/dL). After 48h, TG were decreased by T2 (453.0 ± 35.47 vs. 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL) and 4 mg/kg (T4) (605.8 ± 26.61 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL). T2 reduced total cholesterol (TC) after 24h (309.0 ± 11.17 mg/dL vs. 399.7 ± 15.7 mg/dL); After 48h, 1 mg/kg (T1) (220.5 ± 12.78 mg/dL), T2 (205.8 ± 7.1 mg/dL) and T4 (216.8 ± 12.79 mg/dL), compared to P-407 (275.5 ± 12.1 mg/dL). The treatment decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite in liver, increased superoxide dismutase, reduced the diet-induced dyslipidemia, decreasing TC around 15%. Tyramine reduced body mass, glucose, and TC after hypercaloric feed. Treatment with 5 mg/L (0.46 ± 0.04 ng/dL) and 10 mg/L (0.44 ± 0.02 ng/dL) reduced plasma insulin (1.18 ± 0.23 ng/dL). Tyramine increased adiponectin at 5 mg/L (1.02 ± 0.02 vs. 0.83 ± 0.02 ng/mL) and 10mg/L (0.96 ± 0.04 ng/mL). In conclusion, tyramine has low toxicity in rodents, has antioxidant effect, reduces plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels. However, further studies should be conducted in rodents and non-rodents to better understand the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of tyramine

IMAO e Dieta: Atualizaçäo - orientaçöes práticas para o uso clínico / Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and diet Update and practical recommendations for clinical use

Os inibidores da monoaminoxidade (IMAOs) säo eficazes no tratamento da depressäo, fobia social e do transtorno do pânico. Mas o risco da ocorrência de reaçöes hipertensivas por sua interaçäo com medicamentos ou aminas, especialmente a tiramina, presentes em alimentos, e as dietas pouco práticas propostas para diminuir este risco têm limitado seu uso. Neste artigo, faz-se uma revisäo da literatura sobre dieta e IMAO e säo introduzidos dados novos acerca do teor de tiramina em produtos nacionais. O paciente em uso de IMAO deve consumir apenas alimentos frescos. Säo proibidos: queijos, exceto tipos minas padräo fresco, ricota, mussarela (até 200g), prato (até 200g), "cotage" e "cream" e cheese "cheese bread"; chope, cervejas preta e "bock"; mais que 1.200ml de cerveja "pilsen" ou sem álcool; mais que 250 ml de vinho; carne ou peixe näo fresco; vagem da fava, chucrute, derivados fermentados da soja; framboesa, casca de banana, abacate (acima de 200g) e extrato de levedura. Säo permitidos: até 100g de päo de queijo e até 1/6 de pizza média (25 cm de diâmentro) que näo contenha outro item proibido. Säo discutidas outras orientaçöes quanto à dieta e à conduta nas reaçöes hipertensivas