Co-infection with arthropod-borne pathogens in domestic cats / Co-infecção por patógenos transmitidos por artrópodes em gatos domésticos

Abstract The role of several feline vector-borne pathogens (FVBP) as a cause of disease in cats has not been clearly determined. In fact, with the exception of Bartonella spp. and hemoplasmas, FVBP in cats has not been clearly determined in Brazil yet. The present study aimed at identifying, by using molecular methods, the presence of FVBP in three cats showing non-specific clinical signs and inclusions suggestive of hemoparasites in blood smears. Cytauxzoon felis, 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', Ehrlichia sp. closely related to Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma sp. closely related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected in blood samples from two out of three sampled cats. Both cats positive for multiple FVBP did not show hematological and biochemical abnormalities. The present work emphasizes the need for molecular confirmation of co-infection by multiple FVBP in cats presenting non-specific clinical signs and inclusions resembling hemoparasites in blood smears.

Resumo O papel de diversos patógenos felinos transmitidos por vetores (PFTV) como causa de enfermidades em gatos não tem sido claramente determinado. De fato, com exceção de Bartonella spp. e hemoplasmas, PFTV têm sido bem menos estudados no Brasil. O presente estudo objetivou investigar, utilizando métodos moleculares, a presença de PFTV em três gatos apresentando sinais clínicos inespecíficos e inclusões sugestivas de hemoparasitas em esfregaços sanguíneos. Cytauxzoon felis, 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', Ehrlichia sp. filogeneticamente relacionada a Ehrlichia canis, e Anaplasma sp. filogeneticamente relacionado a Anaplasma phagocytophilum foram detectados em amostras de sangue de dois dos três gatos amostrados. Os dois gatos positivos para múltiplos PFTV não apresentaram alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas. O presente trabalho enfatiza a necessidade de confirmação molecular da infecção por múltiplos PFTV em gatos apresentando sinais clínicos inespecíficos e inclusões sugestivas de hemoparasitas em esfregaços sanguíneos.

A Survey of Dung Beetles Infected with Larval Nematodes with Particular Note on Copris lunaris Beetles as a Vector for Gongylonema sp. in Iran

Dung beetles (family Scarabaeidae) are one of the largest families of beetles worldwide. Due to biological behavior of these arthropods, they are considered to play an important role in the life cycle of some helminths. In the present study, dung beetles collected from cattle pastures in rural areas of Ardabil province, north-west of Iran were examined for infection with larval stages of helminths. According to the results, nematodes of 2 genera were identified including Rhabditis and Gongylonema. The more common species was Rhabditis sp. which was found in 9 species of beetles. Out of 15 different species of dung beetles, Copris lunaris was the only scarabaeid to be found naturally infected with the larval stages of Gongylonema sp. Our new findings introduce C. lunaris as a potential biological vector for transmission of Gongylonema sp. to vertebrates in the surveyed region.

Estructura y dinámica poblacional de Triatoma sordida Stål 1859 en una comunidad de Butia yatay en Argentina / Population structure of Triatoma sordida Stål 1859 collected in a comunity of Butia yatay in Argentina

Se estudió la estructura poblacional de Triatoma sordida que infesta Butia yatay y su abundancia relativa durante un año, en Colonia Laurel, Departamento San Roque, Corrientes, Argentina (28 °28 ’ S;58 °26 ’ W). Los muestreos se realizaron en primavera de 1998, verano, otoño e invierno de 1999. Se disecaron 55 ejemplares de palmas y se con firmó el predominio de T. sordida (N=423) en relación al reducido número de Triatoma platensis y de Psammolestes coreodes capturados. Es la primera cita para Argentina sobre la presencia de T. sordida en esta especie de palma. La abundancia relativa de T. sordida mostró una marcada estacionalidad. En primavera el total de individuos colectados triplicó al hallado en las restantes estaciones y las abundancias relativas oscilaron entre 57 y 88 individuos por mes, coincidiendo con el período reproductivo de la especie. Todos los estadios ninfales estuvieron presentes, con predominio de NIII, NIV y NV. En forma global, las ninfas representaron el 91,7%, los huevos el 4,3% y los adultos el 4,0% de la población total colectada. La menor abundancia se verificó en Enero y podría interpretarse como una inhibición del desarrollo causado por las temperaturas elevadas. Algo semejante ocurrió en Junio, alregistrarse la temperatura ambiental más baja, en invierno se produciría la mayor mortalidad de ninfas menores, conduciendo a la presencia de pocos ejemplares y aún a la extinción. Las fluctuaciones en la densidad de esta especie se atribuyen a factores bioclimáticos y a la disponibilidad de fuentes de alimentación.

Infestación por vectores de la enfermedad de Chagas en cuatro zonas edémicas de la meseta central de Costa Rica / Infestation by Chagas disease vectors in 4 endemic zones of the central plateau of Costa Rica

An entomological search for vectors of Chagas` disease was performed in 157 houses located in 4 endemic regions of the Central Plateau of Costa Rica. Thirteen of the houses (8.3 percent) were positive for Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) the only triatomine species found. The bugs were collected mainly in peridomestic piles of firewood (95.2 percent) and 8.1 percent of all the insects were infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. The low abundance of Chagas' disease vectors and the their low infestation rates could be attributed to the improvement of the living conditions in the four study zones. The data also suggests that the impact of T. cruzi infection in Costa Rican populations could be low and the prevalence of T. cruzi could be linked to zoonotic cycles

Identification of newly isolated Babesia parasites from cattle in Korea by using the Bo-RBC-SCID mice

Attempts were made to isolate and identify Korean bovine Babesia parasite. Blood samples were collected from Holstein cows in Korea, and Babesia parasites were propagated in SCID mice with circulating bovine red blood cells for isolation. The isolate was then antigenically and genotypically compared with several Japanese isolates. The Korean parasite was found to be nearly identical to the Oshima strain isolated from Japanese cattle, which was recently designated as Babesia ovata oshimensis n. var. Haemaphysalis longicornis was the most probable tick species that transmited the parasite.

Ectoparasitosis humanas: estado actual en el Uruguay / Human ectoparasitoses: present status in Uruguay

The present status of human ectoparasitoses in Uruguay is analized with the main purpose of performing in the future, comparative studies in the region. After classifying ectoparasitores in temporaries and permanents, comments are made on particular clinical and epidemiological aspects of some of them. For remarking: the high prevalence of pediculosis capitis and scabies; the frequent observation of cutaneous myiasis by dermatobia hominis with a very interesting modification of the geographical national distribution of the fly and the presence of an endemic area of creeping eruption by ancylostoma braziliense an A. caninum in the north of the country

Microfilarial periodicity of Wuchereria bancrofti and man landing periodicity of the vector Culex quinquefasciatus say in Matara, Sri Lanka.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the microfilarial periodicity of Wuchereria bancrofti, with the man landing periodicity of the vector Culex quinquefasciatus in Matara, Sri Lanka. DESIGN: Periodicity was estimated using a statistical method. 60 microliters finger prick (FP) blood was smeared from a single subject every 2 hours for 24 hours of the day to make 12 samples. Smears were stained with Giemsa and the microfilariae (mff) counted. Man landing catches of mosquitoes were made inside a bedroom of a house in the same area on a sleeping volunteer during the night, between 18.00 and 06.00 hours. Each hourly catch was placed in separate paper cups. Hourly C. quinquefasciatus taken were counted. SUBJECTS: 10 asymptomatic microfilaria (mf) carriers. RESULTS: The individual mf peaks in the 10 carriers varied from 22.00 to 04.00 hours. Using the statistical method the parameter k showing the mf peak hour was 1.19 estimating the peak mf density at 01.11 hours. The influence of different times of blood collection on false negatives among the very low density carriers was estimated by the periodicity curve. It would be desirable to collect blood during the estimated time interval when the mf count was 80% of the peak count, between 21.55 and 04.27 hours in Matara. The results of 25 all-night mosquito landing catches gave a peak activity hours of k as 7.78, corresponding to 01.47 hours. CONCLUSION: The close agreement in the peak hours of mf density and vector activity suggests a perfect adaptation between parasite and vector for optimum transmission.