Síndrome de Tako-Tsubo como diagnóstico diferencial del infarto del miocardio / Tako-Tsubo Syndrome as Myocardial Infarction Differential Diagnosis

El síndrome de corazón roto, o mejor conocido mundialmente como Síndrome de Tako-Tsubo, es fácilmente confundido -por su presentación clínica- con un evento coronario agudo en mujeres posmenopáusicas. El paciente que lo padece presenta síntomas similares a un infarto agudo de miocardio: dolor torácico anginoso, cambios del segmento ST y de la onda T en las derivaciones precordiales y elevación de biomarcadores de daño miocárdico. El sello distintivo de esta rareza clínica es la disfunción sistólica del ventrículo izquierdo con discinesia transitoria de los segmentos medio apicales en ausencia de enfermedad coronaria significativa. Afortunadamente, estos pacientes tienen buen pronóstico y la recuperación total ocurre en pocos días o semanas. Se describe el caso clínico de una mujer posmenopáusica que fue atendida por infarto agudo de miocardio extenso de cara anterior; no se encontraron lesiones coronarias significativas, y la ventriculografía mostró balonamiento medioapical del ventrículo izquierdo, característico de esta entidad. La paciente tuvo una recuperación completa de la función sistólica a los dos meses de seguimiento(AU)

Broken heart syndrome, or worldwide better known as Tako-Tsubo syndrome, is easily confused with an acute coronary event in postmenopausal women because of its clinical presentation. The patient presents symptoms similar to an acute myocardial infarction: anginal chest pain, ST segment and T wave changes in precordial leads and elevation of biomarkers of myocardial damage. The hallmark of this clinical rarity is systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle with transient dyskinesia of the mid apical segments in the absence of significant coronary disease. Fortunately, these patients have a good prognosis and full recovery occurs in a few days or weeks. We describe the clinical case of a postmenopausal woman who was attended by an acute myocardial infarction of the anterior face; no significant coronary lesions were found, and ventriculography showed left ventricular midapical ballooning which is characteristic of this entity. On follow-up the patient had complete recovery of the systolic function(AU)

Diferenças relacionadas ao sexo nos volumes ventriculares e na fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo estimados por cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica: comparação entre os programas Quantitative Gated SPECT (QGS) e Segami / Gender differences in ventricular volumes and left ventricle ejection fraction estimated by myocardial perfusion imaging: comparison of Quantitative Gated SPECT (QGS) and Segami software programs

OBJETIVO: Analisar as diferenças relacionadas ao sexo nas medidas obtidas pelos programas Segami e Quantitative Gated SPECT (QGS). MÉTODOS: Cento e oitenta e um indivíduos assintomáticos sem evidência de cardiopatia foram submetidos a estudos de perfusão miocárdica. O volume diastólico final (VDF), volume sistólico final (VSF) e a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) foram quantificados pelos programas QGS and Segami para avaliar a influência do sexo, idade, peso, altura, freqüência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica, pressão arterial diastólica, índice de massa corporal e área de superfície corporal. RESULTADOS: As médias obtidas com o método QGS foram VDF (mulheres = 68 ml; homens = 95 ml; p < 0,001) e FEVE (mulheres = 66,24 por cento; homens = 58,7 por cento), e com o Segami, VDF (mulheres = 137 ml; homens = 174 ml) e FEVE (mulheres = 62,67 por cento; homens = 58,52 por cento). Foram observadas diferenças significantes entre homens e mulheres no VDF (p < 0,001) e VSF (p < 0,001), que persistiram após o ajuste em relação à área de superfície corporal. CONCLUSÃO: Os volumes ventriculares foram significantemente menores e a FEVE foi significantemente maior em mulheres, de acordo com os programas QGS e Segami.

OBJECTIVES: To test for gender differences in the measurements obtained by Segami and Quantitative Gated SPECT (QGS) software programs. METHODS: 181 asymptomatic individuals without heart disease were submitted to myocardial perfusion imaging. End-diastolic volumes (EDV), end-systolic volumes (ESV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by QGS and Segami software programs to evaluate the influence of gender, age, weight, height, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index and body surface area. RESULTS: The means in the QGS method were: EDV (women= 68 ml; men= 95 ml; p<0.001), LVEF (women= 66.24 percent; men= 58, 7 percent) and Segami: EDV (women= 137 ml; men= 174 ml), LVEF (women= 62.67 percent; men= 58, 52 percent). There were significant differences between men and women in the EDV (p<0.001), ESV (p<0.001) and LVEF (p=0.001) that persisted after adjusting for body surface area. CONCLUSION: Ventricular volumes were significantly lower and LVEF was significantly higher in women, estimated by QGS or Segami software programs.

Evaluación simultánea de la perfusión miocárdica y función ventricular utilizando talio-201 en reposo/Tc-99m tetrofosmin en esfuerzo mediante tomografía computada por emisión de fotón único, sincronizada con el electrocardiograma (Spect-sincronizado).experiencia inicial en Latinoamérica / Simultaneous assessment of myocardial perfusion and ventricular function by means of thallium 201 study at rest and Tc-99m Tetrofosmin during effort

El Gated SPECT constituye un método útil en la evaluación simultánea de la perfusión y movilidad miocárdica. No existe reporte acerca de la experiencia en Latinoamérica con el uso de este protocolo, adquirido con técnica de Gated SPECT. Se investiga la utilidad de este protocolo SPECT sincronizado, utilizando el método Dual Talio-201 reposo/Tc-99m Tetrofosmin esfuerzo, en la evaluación simultánea de la perfusión y movimiento. Se estudiaron 27 pacientes con enfermedad coronaria y con coronariografía. Se utilizaron 3mCi de Talio-201 en reposo y 15 mCi de Tc-99m Tetrofosmin en esfuerzo, adquiriéndose imágenes tomográficas sincronizadas con el electrocardiograma. Para la validación de los hallazgos de perfusión y movimiento se administró 3 a 5 días después una inyección de Tc-99m Sestamibi (20 mCi) en esfuerzo, comparándose los resultados con los del Tetrofosmin. Se dividió miocardio ventricular en 20 segmentos. Para la evaluación de la movilidad parietal, se dividió el miocardio en 29 segmentos, calificándose con una escala de 4 puntos (3= movilidad normal, 2=hipocinesia ligera, 1 =hipocinesia importante y 0=acinesia). La concordancia entre los hallazgos de perfusión y movimiento con el uso de Sestamibi y Tetrofosmin fueron de 97 por ciento y 84 por ciento, respectivamente. El protocolo Dual con la administración de Talio-201 en reposo/Tc-99m Tetrofosmin en esfuerzo, con técnica SPECT Sincronizado, constituye un método útil para la evaluación simultánea de la perfusión miocárdica y la movilidad segmentaria. Existe una buena correlación con el uso del protocolo Dual Talio-201 reposo/Tc99m Sestamibi esfuerzo.

Early abnormalities of left ventricular function in essential hypertension induced by exercise

In order to assess their ventricular function at rest and during exercise, 42 essential hypertensives (164 +/- 2/98.7 +/- 2 mmHg) and 12 normotensives (131.7 +/- 4/81.2 +/- 1 mmHg) were studied. Ejection fraction (EF), peak filling rate (PFR) and peak ejection rate (PER) were measured by means of gated radionuclide ventriculography. At rest, no differences in EF, PFR and PER between hypertensives and normotensives were found. During exercise, hypertensives showed lower PFR (5.3 +/- 0.2 EDV/s) and EF (67.7 +/- 1%) than normotensives (PFR 7 +/- 0.5 EDV/s, p < 0.005 and EF 79.4 +/- 2%, p < 0.001). Likewise, hypertensive showed a lower increase from rest to exercise in PFR and in EF than normotensives p < 0.001. In addition, hypertensives showed a great individual variability in EF response to exercise, where 23 patients increased EF more than 5% and 19 patients failed to increase it during stress. Moreover, the last group of patients had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) both at rest and during exercise than patients who increased EF, p < 0.01. In addition, there was a significantly negative correlation between resting SBP and the variation of Ef (r = 0.47 y: 163.1-0.79X, p < 0.01). Left ventricular mass (LVM) was similar in the two groups of hypertensives. On the other hand, there were no differences in any of the variables analyzed between the hypertensives with LV hypertrophy and those with normal LVM. These findings suggest that abnormalities in both systolic and diastolic LV during exercise may be found in hypertensive patients even before myocardial hypertrophy can be detected

Evaluation of left ventricular function during roentgen contrast ventriculography.

Changes in the left ventricular (LV) function during direct ventriculography (contrast medium injected into LV cavity) and during intravenous left ventriculography (contrast medium injected into right atrium) were assessed in 22 normal subjects. During angiography the left ventricular pressure was continuously recorded by a microtip manometer catheter. LV images and pressure curves were analysed by a computer analysis system. The forceful intraventricular injection of contrast medium during the direct ventriculogram resulted in significant changes in the LV diastolic function, and increased LV pressure and LV working parameters. Mechanical efficiency of the LV contraction decreased. Acute volume overload of the left ventricle appears to be the main limitation of this method. To overcome this limitation, we recommend the use of intravenous biventriculography with simultaneous recording of LV pressure, instead of direct ventriculography. This modification with subsequent frame to frame analysis of the study results may be used successfully in clinical research trials.