RESUMO
Basis for project implementation ABSTRACT 2. As a result of this project, a new textbook Traditional Mongolian Medicine is an ancient science with 5000-year history according to literary works of Chinese and Tibetan medical history as well as artifacts used by the nomads. Unfortunately, there has not been any literary works that specifically studied materia medica for traditional medicine and traditional medicinal formulas of early, middle and late periods of medical art and treatment until today. Therefore, this issue was selected because of the need to fill this time gap, to determine and thus update the development of traditional medical technology based on the sources and artifacts, to form database, to develop textbook, handbook, and finally to commence scientific research works in order to ensure its practical application. Project goal Organize database of materia medica for traditional medicine and formulas of classic medicines and develop textbook and handbook. Project results The works of Mongolian scholars in anthologies of Traditional Mongolian Medicine are not only used in trainings but also can be used in traditional medical aid and services. Furthermore, attaching Tibetan language with new alphabet and old script was also beneficial for the improvement of youth’s Mongolian script skills. For instance: - Provided an opportunity to combine the old method of teaching with instructor orally translating from Tibetan books with conversion of Mongolian script and new alphabet to promote in-depth understanding of ideas. - Attached the English translations of 24th chapter of “Altangerel” sutra and 6 chapters of the First tantra of “Four medical Tantras”. on traditional medicinal formulas of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, which is the key part of traditional medicine, was published. The book included preparations made into appropriate forms by coordinately compounding main and assisting medicines based on drug compound history, main theory, drug taste, quality, capability and uptake of its prescriptions. 3. We clarified the names, identification methods, composition, classification, detoxifying processes, usages of widely used, and endangered pharmaceutical raw materials: plants, minerals, mushrooms, animals, and directions, thus published the handbook, “Pharmacology of Traditional Mongolian Medicine”, for traditional medicine learners to identify medical substances correctly. Conclusion To sum up the results of the project: 1. We identified 270 kinds of materia medica for traditional medicine from widely used and endangered plants, minerals, mushrooms and animals and clarified their name, identification methods, composition, classification, detoxifying processes and directions of usage, thus published handbook, “Pharmacology of Traditional Mongolian Medicine” to help traditional medicine learners identify medicinal substances correctly. 2. By doing research on sources of drug formula of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, we were able to clarify history, theory and consumption knowledge, examined over 3000 prescriptions and developed record of approximately 470 classic prescriptions /local and secret/. Thereby, textbook on Pharmacology of Traditional Mongolian Medicine which is based on tradition, innovation and evidence and that included fundamental understanding of drug formula was made available to the public.
RESUMO
Abstract Before the Oriental medical theories were established as the theoretical and methodological guidance of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, medical knowledge of Mongolians: healthy lifestyle, diagnosis and treatment methods were based on the law of the unity of opposites. The classic example of contrast of things, relationship between hot and cold determines their union and fight with dynamic interaction of two absolute energy forces. The universe is closely related to the power fluctuations of changes in hot and cold (arga and bilig) and its important base, law of interdependence. Humans and thousands of nature substances exist in contrasting flow of the sun and moon. The nature, climate and seasons change following this principle, too. The hot and the cold are within divided into hot and cold as well. In other words, it is the same concept as the cold is in arga and the hot is in bilig. Things and substances are divided into two like this and they are born and die by contrasting nature. For example: it is divided as hotness of the day and coldness of the night while before noon as hotness in arga, afternoon as coldness in arga, before midnight as coldness in bilig and after midnight as hotness in bilig. The theory of hot and cold is a general law of all the things of the universe. Human is an integral element of the universe as it is the living part of it. Therefore, it has the essence of hot and cold and creates harmony. Furthermore, with this research, we tried to clarify the idea that the principle of hot and cold is two sides of biology.