Anatomical Variations Of The Cystic Duct And Their Surgical Implications In Sudanese Population: A Cadaveric Study

Background: Anatomic variations of cystic ducts are common and continuously encountered during Surgical andradiological interventions. Failure to identify these clinically important variations may result in complicationsduring surgical or endoscopic procedures.Patients and methods: This is an observational descriptive cross-sectional study. 65 cadavers in the dissectingrooms of the medical colleges, in which the length and mode of insertion of cystic duct (CD) into common bileduct (CBD) were observed.Results: The mean length of the CD in the cadavers examined was (2.06 ± 1.03) with a minimum length of d” 0.5 cmand a maximum of 5 cm. Regarding the mode of insertion of CD into the CBD; 53.8% were found to have a lowjunction between the CD and common hepatic duct (CHD) which is considered the normal insertion. 46.2% foundto be abnormal variations of insertion; short CD (d”0.5 cm) observed in 10.8%; whereas in 13.8% of cadavers wefound that the CD is adherent to the CHD and runs in parallel to it. In 7.8% there was a high junction between theCD and CBD and in 9.2% we found that CD courses anterior or posterior to CBD and joins it medially.Conclusion: CD variations are not uncommon and it is important to identify these anatomical variations. Adetailed knowledge of the extra hepatic biliary tract, as well as of its variations, is important for the diagnosticand therapeutic success in many clinical situations since they allow the surgeon prompt identification ofcertain pathologies, making surgical procedures more accurate and affective.

Cryptosporidiosis among patients with diarrhoea attending Nyala Hospital

Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic zoonotic non-bloody diarrhoeal disease that affects all people. Children and the immunosuppressed are more at risk than immunocompetent adults. It occurs in an epidemic as well as sporadic forms. Stool examination for Cryptosporidium oocysts has to be considered in non-bloody diarrhoea stools. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis among patients presenting with non-bloody diarrhoea to Nyala medical laboratory. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study including non-bloody diarrhoeal stool specimens of 72 patients. The stool specimens were examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts by using Safranine/ Methylene blue stain technique. Eleven [15.3%] out of 72 patients were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Seven of them were below five years of age. Cryptosporidiosis is a common cause of non-bloody diarrhoea especially among children. This study enrolled a small number of patients. Nevertheless we recommend inclusion of Cryptosporidium in laboratory examination of non-bloody diarrhoeal stools in certain locations

Cutaneous myiasis due to Dermatobia hominis: a case report from Eastern Sudan

Cutaneous myiasis [CM] is invasion of human skin by larvae of dipterous flies CM is encountered world-wide and is endemic in several tropical countries, mainly in central and south American. Cases have been reported in non-tropical countries such as USA, UK, Germany, and Japan. Patients with CM due to Dermatobia hominis usually suffer from painful pruritic furuncular skin lesion with a serous or seropurulent discharge accompanied by a crawling sensation. The disease may resolve spontaneously, however conservative and/or surgical treatment may be indicated. Fatal CM due to D. hominis was reported from Brazil where a scalp lesion had disseminated into the brain. In Sudan, CM seems uncommon, unreported or probably underdiagnosed. In this communication we describe a case of CM due to D. hominis which seems to have been acquired from an indigenous source