[ trichophyton rubrum and tinea capitis]

Tineas capitis is the most common fungal infection in children. Trichophyton rubrum is rarely reported as an etiologic agent. This study reports a diagnosed a case in a child. This case discusses a 5 year old child who had endothrix parasitism of a Trichophytic tinea capitis infection. The presence of endothrix parasitism in obtained colonies from culture tests suggests a Trichophyton rubrum infection. This diagnosis was confirmed by subculture on Lactrimel-Borelli and potato-dextrose agar medium. By discovering this case, the number of listed cases between 2003 and 2009 in the laboratory registrar became 5 cases, which represents 1.7% of all registered cases. Also a cutaneous localized infection by the same fungus was found in one case among the five registered patients. Trichophyton rubrum is rarely reported in Morocco. This epidemiological profile is the same as in many African and Western countries. The usage of special medium to subculture the fungus is fundamental to discovering this type of rare fungal infection. This fungus may also affect other cutaneous localizations other than the scalp, as it was found in one patient out of our five cases. Tinea capitis due to Trichophyton rubrum is certainly a rare disease. Its pathogenetic reaction in relation to hair is still poorly clarified. However, classifying it as a fungal affection in tinea capitis cases must be kept in mind

[Onychomycosis due to trichosporon asahii]

Trichosporon, saprophyte yeast of the skin and the digestive tract, is responsible at the man's of superficial damage whose white piedra is the most known. Occasionally, Trichosporon may affect the nail. It is reported a rare case of onychomycosis caused by Trichosporon asahii diagnosed in an immunocompetent patient. A immunocompetent 65-year-old patient presents a partial dystrophy ungueale of the big toe with an infringement under - ungueale distale less pronounced besides toenails. The mycological examinations of the material taken on 2 occasions and cultivated on 2 series of middles Sabouraud with or without actidione let push pure colonies evoking Trichosporon. On poor environments potato-carrot-bile, this yeast gave arthrospores, pseudofilaments and characteristic blasospores. The study of assimilation of sugars has concluded a Trichosporon asahii. The implication of Trichosporon asahii as causal agent of onychomycoses is difficult to confirm due to the nature of the saprophytic yeast especially in immunocompetent. However its purely repeated isolation on a series of middles associated with a positive direct examination proof of its pathogenicity. The possible bad local vascular circulatory associated with the microtraumatism and the conditions marked by humidity could explain this passage from the saprophytic to the pathogenic condition. Seen the increase of the number of saprophytes germs that acquire a possible potential pathogenic also to the immunocompetent subjects. We insist on the necessity of multiplying the prelevements and of making a rigorous interpretation of the data of the mycological examination

[Pityriasis versicolor about 1087 cases]

Pityriasis versicolor is a frequent and common worldwide superficial dermatosis that can occur in all ages. The goal of this work is to show the important place that occupies the pityriasis among the superficial mycosis of skin and the scalp and to try to draw the profile and the features of this affection. To evaluate the prevalence of the pityrosporum we achieved a retrospective survey on a period of 13 years to the labotutory of Parasitologiy and Mycology of the children hospital in Rabat, The diagnosis was based on a direct microscopic exam of the squames coming from the lesions. Pityriasis versicolor was diagnosed among 1087 subjects [45, 15%of the dermatosis] and was located to the skin in 55, 47%tof cases A light feminine predominance is noted with 54, 93%. The age of predilection is between 16 tand 30 years representing 41, 98%of all cases. There iwas no meaningful variation according to the seasons. The pityriasis versicolor is a banal infection but is unaesthetic and poses a real problem for its treatment that is long and has frequent recurrences

[ vulvovaginal candidiasis of woman consulting in maternity Souissi at Rabat]

To determine the prevalence of the vulvovaginal candidiasis in the women who consulted to Souissi maternity of the CHU Ibn Sina from Rabat. It is a prospective study among women who had a microscopic examination and culture of vaginal secretions. One hundred and fifteen vaginal prelevements were done on a 3 months period. The average age of consulting women was 45.5 years, with extremes from 20 to 71 years. The vulvovaginal candidiasis is noted in 16 patients representing 13.9 1%of the total prelevements. Approximatively one consultant over three had no hormonal contraception. The primiparity is found in 17.39%of the cases. Leucorrhoea are observed in 62, 50%of cases, associated to pmrit in 50%of the cases. C. albicans is the most species isolated in 8 1.25%of the cases. The rate of positive cases of Candida Spp. is lower than other studies but would have been higher with more sensible screening techniques. The knowledge of the epidemiologic factors of the CVV and their influence in the genesis of the genital candidiasis have in important role in the fight against this infection

[Hematological profile of visceral leishmaniasis-about 264 cases]

Visceral leishmaniasis or Kala Azar is a systemic infection caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania It is exclusively transmitted by the bite of a female sand fly of the genus Phlebotomus. The objective of the present study is to define the haematological aspect of this parasitic infection. Material and methods: A retrospective study concerned 264 cases of visceral leishmaniasis diagnosed either in Parasitology and Mycology Laboratory of Children's Hospital in Rabat or in different areas of the kingdom but still under the supervision of the laboratory's experts during a period of thirty years. The children had a median age of 5 years with extremes from 6 months to 14 years and the overall male/female ratio was 1.08. In the hemogram, anemia was found in a proportion of 95.8% and it was really severe in about 19% [Hb<5g/dl]. The prevalence of neutropenia was 76%; hyperleucocytosis was observed only in 2.3% of cases due to concomitant infections. The proportion of children with thrombocytopenia was 64.28% and those with the severe one were about 13.2% [as clinical symptoms: purpura, epistaxis]. The haematological profile is one of the important presumption criteria for the diagnosis of this disease

Various yeast infections. About 835 cases

A study was conducted to determine the mycoses caused by yeasts in our laboratory. Data were collected over a 5-year period from mycologic investigations carried out on all samples realised or send to the mycology laboratory at the CHU Ibn Sina of Rabat. In the period between January 1999 and December 2003, a total of 4038 specimens were collected. The total number of patients included in this study was 820, 68.2% [n=560] of whom were females and 31.7% [n=260] were males. The age ranged from 1 month to 71 years. A total of 835 yeasts were isolated [20.7%]. Candida albicans [n=356] was the most prevalent, followed by Malassezia furfur [n=283]. Other Candida species [n=130], Rhodotorula spp. [n=65], and Geotrichum spp. [n=1] had also been isolated. The onychomycosis caused by the yeasts represented 50.9%. This study showed that 20.7% of patients had infections due to yeast. The majority of patients were females. Candida albicans as the principal yeast isolated followed by Malassezia furfur. Non albicans species are more and more reported. High incidence of yeasts was documented in finger onychomycosis caused by Candida albicans [59.5%]. Malassezia furfur was the principal yeast isolated from skin and scalp [74%]

[Profile of the fungal flora isolated from intensive care services]

The fungal infections are more and more frequent among the patients hospitalized in intensive care services and their diagnosis remained difficult. To return the profile of the fungal flora isolated of withdrawals coming from patients hospitalized in the services of medical and surgical intensive care of the hospital Ibn Sina of Rabat between the years 2001 and 2004. It is a retrospective survey that concerned all cases of mycosis collected in the services concerned by the investigation for every patient included, the following information are noted: sex, service of hospitalization, nature and number of withdrawals results of the direct exam and the culture and finally the identification of the infectious agent. The number of addressed withdrawals to the laboratory by the services of resuscitation tripled between the years 2001 and 2004 and the difference was statistically meaningful [p=0.01]. The observed fungal infections are almost represented by the levuroses [98.6%] and more especially the candidoses [94.3%]. More of the two third [71.8%] some urinary withdrawals were positive, has the inverse of the hemocultures with 4.4% of positivity. The urinary infections were caused mainly by Candida albicans [45.5%], C. tropicalis [15.6%] and C. glabrata [6.5%]. For what is other withdrawals, flora is dominated from afar by C. albicans [84.7%]. The fungal flora isolated by the patients hospitalized in resuscitation is essentially represented by the kind Candida with the three main cash: C. albicans that remains predominant consistent of C. tropicalis and C. glabrata

Giardia intestinalis infestation in Rabat childern hospital

Giardiasis is a cosmopolitas intestinal parasitosis caused by Giardia intestinalis that causes diarrhea in children. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of this disease in hospitalised children in the Children Hospital of Rabat. 11.419 parasitological faecal exams were realized from January 1997 to December 2002 on children presenting digestive symptoms. The mean age was 5 year-old. 2.604-children were infested by parasites [23%], and 855 of them [32,8%] by Giardia intestinalis. This parasite was found alone in 77.6% of cases, or in association with other potentially pathogenic parasites as Entamoeba histolytica [5,5%], Ascaris and Enterobius vermicularis [0,6%], or a non pathogenic rhizoflagella. One third of the infested children had Giardia intestinalis, and seasonal variation of giardiasis was observed

Sporothrix schenkii: a double face fungus

Sporotrichosis is a rare profound mycosis exsisting in a sporadic state in Morocco. A calrification of this disease is proposed. A general review on sporotrichosis was performed using Medlines data base, the articles published during the last ten years were analyzed. We gave priority to works dealing particularly with the biological aspects of the mycosis. The particular biotope of the parasitic development and its mode of contamination explain its rarity in Morocco. According to the fungal way of penetration and the immune state of the host, 4 clinical forms were described: the lymphocutaneous, pure cuteneous, pulmonary and disseminated form. As the direct examination exceptionally visualizes the spors, culture on Sabouraud medium was performed to do a mycological diagnosis which approved the presence of fine and ramified myceliums. Treatment depends on the clinical forms: itraconazale in the cutaneous and osteo-articular sporotrichosis and the amphotaricin B in the pulmonary form

Lesdermatophytes isoles au laboratoire de l'hopital d'enfants et maternite CHU de Rabat de 1976 a 1986

The mycologic bilan at the child hospital of Rabat between 1976 and 1986 using the direct examination and cultures had shown 1023 dermatophytes from 2887 prelevements T.violaceum is the most isolated and interested morely the scalp [83%] T.rubrum is incriminated morely in cutaneous diseases and nails diseases. The percentage of M. Canis increased [5%], but the frequency of t. Sch

Epidemiology of pediculus humanus capitis infestation in Children Hospital of Rabat

The Authors have done an epidemiologic study of the head lice [pediculosis] il the Rabat Children Hospital. The Results of the sampling showed high rate of infestation with the head lice, approximately 34.1%. However some factors related to the socio economic status of the individuals seem to have a non negligible influence on the parasitose within the children patients. Finally this study emphasizes the High infestation risk of intra-Hospital infestation