Prevalence of Musculoskeletal disorders and it's risk factors among, mothers' home working

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important occupational health issues in the world

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 333 stay-at-home working mothers. We used modified Nordic questionnaire for this study. Data was collected by trained interviewers

Results: The most common musculoskeletal disorders were in the low back [49.5%], neck [24.1%], and shoulder [21.2%] areas. The results showed that there were significant relationships between low back and knee pain and BMI [p=0.008], between shoulder pain and laundry method [p=0.04], between leg pain and house cleaning method [p=0.01], and between knee pain and use of stairways [p=0.004]

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and the use of various devices in household chores. More research is recommended to clearly identify the correlates of musculoskeletal disorders

[ effect of insulin on infarct tissue size in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a randomized clinical trial]

Due to the high mortality of ischemic heart disease, many of these patients can be life-saving treatments. There are conflicting information on the effects of insulin in patients with myocardial infarction. We aim to evaluate the effects of insulin on infarct size in myocardial infarction thorough evaluating troponin I enzyme and echocardiography. This randomized clinical trial enrolled 74 patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction referred to Vaseie hospital of Sabzevar in 2009. Patients were categorized into two groups by block randomization and were treated with high dose of GIK [25% glucose, 50IU of soluble insulin per liter, and 80mmol of potassium per liter at 1ml/kg/hour] [GIK group] or normal saline [control group] as adjunct to thrombolytic therapy. We analyzed Plasma concentrations of troponin I, at baseline, 16 and 24 hours after admission. Echocardiography was done at 72 hours after admission. Data were analyzed Variables were compared using independent T tests and repeated measure ANOVA. cTnI peaked to 20.13 +/- 12.46U/L in GIK group and to 20.11 +/- 10.62 U/L in controls [p=0.44]. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 39% vs.41% in GIK vs. control, p=0.34. There was no significant difference between groups in cardiac enzymes and ejection fraction. In patients with myocardial infarction treated with streptokinase, insulin offers no effect on infarct size

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep, cattle and horses in Urmia north-west of Iran

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite found worldwide and responsible for major economic losses in most classes of livestock. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection in sheep, cattle and horses in Urmia, north-west of Iran, using MAT. Blood samples of 276 livestock and 26 horses were collected from July 2009 till April 2010. The data were analyzed by the Chi-square, Fisher's Exact and Cochran's and Mantel-Haenszel Tests. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Thirty-three [21.1%] sheep, 2 [1.6%] cattle and 3 [11.5%] horses were seropositive to T. gondii. Analysis showed that sheep were 15 times more likely to be seropositive comparing to cattle also 2 times more likely to be seropositive than horses. This study showed seroprevalence of equine T. gondii infection with a considerable rate in sheep in Urmia, northwest of Iran. More comprehensive studies on livestock toxoplasmosis are required for further analysis of the parasite reservoir for human infection

[Factors affecting the prediction of successful induction]

Induction is one of the most common interventions in midwifery which is conducted for many clinical purposes. One of the main challenges of the induction is the prediction of its success because its failure has a major role in increasing the rate of cesarean section. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the role of maternal age, parity, gestational age, birth weight and cervical status in predicting the success of induction. This cohort study involved the population of pregnant women admitted to Mobini Maternity Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran in 2006. A sample of 175 pregnant healthy women was selected by non-probability convenient sampling. For data collection, a checklist and a questionnaire were used for recording the personal details, midwifery history and labor details. For data analysis, they were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square, mantel henzel and logistic regression tests [p < 0.05]. Based on the findings, 41.1% of the inductions were lengthened, and 45.1% of its failure related to lack of labor progression. In total, 33.7% of the women underwent cesarean section due to unsuccessful induction. Controlling the variables such as dilation, effacement, descent, maternal age, gestational age, parity and neonatal weight, the logistic regression showed that the only significant effect was the effect of cervical dilation [OR=2.55], so that for every cm of dilation at the beginning of the induction, the chances of a successful induction was 2.55. The results indicated that cervical dilation is the only factor in predicting the success of induction

effect of ethanol on the efficacy of valproic acid in mice

Background and Purpose: Ethanol is known as anticonvulsant and proconvulsant but sometimes has no effect on seizure. There is no report about the role of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of Valproic acid [VPA]. In this study, we explore the effect of ethanol on the anticonvulsant effect of VPA

Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, eight groups of mice [25-30 gr] were injected pentylenetetrazol [PTZ] [37mg/kg; ip] every other day [3 times a week]. Groups receiving ethanol [0.5 and 1 g/kg; 7 and 21 continuous days; everyday; ip], PTZ was injected 30 minutes after ethanol. In Valproic acid+ethanol, Valproic acid [100 mg/kg] was injected 5 minutes before ethanol [1 g/kg]. Immediately after PTZ injection, seizure stages were recorded for 20 min. Seizure stage-4 duration [S4D], seizure stage-4 latency [S4L] and seizure stage 1 latency [S1L] were recorded from each mouse after PTZ injection, and data were compared with control groups. The basis of all decisions was a significant level of P<0.05. Data analysis was done in Statistica 5.5

Results: Pretreatment of animals with ethanol [1 g/kg for 7 days] decreased cumulative [c] S4D [%31.8 PTZ+Saline]; and with ethanol [1 g/kg for 21 days] decreased cS4D [%48.3 PTZ+Saline] [P<0.001], but increased cS4L [%112.6 PTZ+Saline] and cSL [%116.8 PTZ+Saline] significantly [P<0.001]. Pretreatment of animals with VPA [100 mg/kg] significantly decreased cumulative [c] S4D [%39 PTZ+Saline] [P<0.001], and significantly increased cS4L [%216.8 PTZ+Saline] and cS1L [%149 PTZ+Saline] [P<0.001]. Intraperitoneal injection of VPA+ethanol significantly decreased cS4D [%56.1 relative to PTZ+VPA and %46.1 relative to PTZ+Eth 1 [7]] [P<0.001]; it also increased cS4L [%233.9 relative to PTZ+VPA and %450 relative to PTZ+Eth1 [7]] [P<0.001], but had no effect on cS1L as compared to VPA and ethanol [1 g/kg; 7 days]

Conclusion: The results indicated that ethanol [1 g/kg] functions not only as an anticonvulsant but its simultaneous injection [7 continuous days] also enhances the anticonvulsant effects of valproic acid

Frequency of risk factors of HIV and hepatitis infections among the homeless in tehran, iran [2005-2007]

Background and Purpose: Identifying the risk factors of Hepatitis C, B, and HIV is necessary to prevent their increasing prevalence. Therefore, we sought to identify the frequency of their risk factors among the homeless of Tehran, Iran during 2005 to 2007

Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical study was conducted during 2005 to 2007 on the homeless population of Tehran, Iran. Two groups of patients were enrolled in this study: 103 HIV-positive and 75 hepatitis patients were examined [total 178], and relevant risk factors were investigated. The relevant details of the participants were obtained and recorded by a questionnaire, HIV and Hepatitis diagnosis using Eliza technique. Data were analyzed using Chi square and factor analysis in SPSS 13

Results: 60.8% of the HIV positive cases and 43.88% of the hepatitis cases had no relations with their friends; the difference was statistically significant [p=0.027]. Also, 94.2% of the AIDS cases and 85.1% of the hepatitis cases were deprived of their family support, and the difference was statistically significant [p=0.o44]. the prevalence of addiction to crack and heroin was 28% and 44.7% in hepatitis and AIDS sufferers respectively, where the difference was statistically significant [p=0.023]. The results of factor analysis revealed five major factors: familial factors [relation with family, relation with friends, lifestyle], type of addiction [opium, crack, heroin], social factors [sex, incarceration history, family support], personal factors [age, marital status, living parents], cultural factors [education, psychological problems]. The five factors related to HIV comprised 68.42% of the total variance, and those of hepatitis 56.69% of the total variance

Conclusion: The risk factors among the two groups are having no relations with friends, lack of family support and addiction to crack or heroin

rate of inappropriate admissions and staying of patients in hospitals of sabzevar, iran

Background and Purpose: Undue admission and staying in hospitals are considered as a weakness of health and treatment systems as well as criteria of performance evaluation, used for determining the efficacy of hospital beds even in developed countries. In addition to increasing the costs, undue staying exposes the patient into nasocomial infections. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the rate of undue admission and staying of patients in hospitals of Sabzevar, Iran in 2009 based on the criteria of appropriateness evaluation protocol

Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical research involving the population of patients admitted to hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran. The sample included 385 patients who were sampled through multi-stage stratified sampling. Each of the three hospitals was selected for a 12-week period, three days per week, two patients form two wards; finally 428 patients were evaluated. Data were collected through tables of admission criteria and appropriate admission of the patients as well as the hospital records. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square and Fisher's exact test

Results: Mean staying in hospitals was 3.23 days but 11.4% of the admissions were inappropriate; orthopedic ward [29.1%] had the highest and gynecological ward [zero] the lowest rate. Undue admission of men [13.9%] was higher than that of women [9.7%]; the highest rate of undue admissions was associated with the age range of 41-60. Appropriate admission due to surgery or other invasive procedures [48.8%] had the highest frequency. In the three hospitals evaluated, 0.2% of the admissions were undue, and 99.8% appropriate

Conclusion: The rate of undue admissions is higher than appropriate ones, and the rate undue admissions in the orthopedic ward were the highest and in the gynecological ward the lowest

Estimation of birth weight by measurement of fundal height and abdominal girth in parturients at term

In a prospective descriptive study, the usefulness of symphysis-fundal height and the product of abdominal girth and fundal height in predicting birth weight < 2500 g and > 4000 g were examined. Fundal height and abdominal girth were measured at the time of admission on a sample of 795 parturient women at a teaching hospital in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used to select the best cut-off points. The product of abdominal girth _ fundal height with the cut-off at 3900 g performed better for predicting birth weight > 4000 g, but for low birth weight, the regression model of fundal height with cut-off at 3000 g was a better predictor

levels of sodium bicarbonate and salt in different types of bread in sabzevar bakeries in 2006-2007

Background and Purpose: In order to artificially process, to fasten the process of production and to make up for deficiencies of the natural fermentation, most bakeries opt to use chemicals such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydrosulfate, and additional salt [for reducing gluten sylait and increasing the dough resistance]. This produces further problems and chronic health outcomes such as malnutrition, disturbance in digestion, hypertension, allergy and so on. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the levels of these chemicals used by bakeries

Methods and Materials: This cross sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted in Sabzevar, Iran during 2006- 2007. Out of a total of 168 bakeries, 62 were sampled by a twostage stratified method. PH and salt of the bread were measured by the standard method. The obtained data were analyzed t-test in SPSS 11.5

Results: Based on the results, mean PH across the four seasons was 5.76 +/- 0.39. Manual taftoon bakeries showed a higher PH than the mechanical bakeries. The independent t-test indicated that mean PH across four seasons was not statistically different for the two types of bakeries [p>0.05]. Mean salt use in mechanical and manual bakeries was different but the difference was not significant across fall and winter

Conclusion: Mean PH in the bakeries is around the standard level but the salt use is a little higher than the standard level, which may be affected by the oven and flour quality

Clinical and paraclinical outcomes of gik solution in st segment elevation myocardial infarction [stemi] patients: a randomized clinical trial

Background and Purpose: Some researchers believe that the treatment with glucose-insulin-potassium [GIK] in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] can reduce the mortality rate. Others, however, contradict this view. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the clinical and paraclinical effects of GIK in STEMI patients

Methods: This triple blind clinical trial was conducted from September 2008 to July 2009 on 72 STEMI patients in the CCU of Vasei Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran. They were assigned through block randomization into standard care or additional GIK infusion [25% glucose, 50 IU of soluble insulin per liter, and 80 mmol of potassium chloride per liter at 1.5 ml/kg/hour]. They were assessed for the number of MACEs [death, reinfarction and serious arrhythmias], plasma concentrations of cardiac enzymes [CK, CK-MB], and left ventricular ejection fraction. The statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS 11.5 using Fisher's exact test, ttest and repeated measurement. P< 0.05 was considered as the basis of significance

Results: MACE rate was 30.3% for GIK and 25.6% for control patients [p=0.66]. There was no significant difference in plasma concentrations of cardiac enzymes between GIK and control patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 39% for GIK and 41% for control patients [p=0.34]

Conclusion: In patients with STEMI treated with streptokinase, GIK therapy offers no clinical and paraclinical effects

Thyroid autoimmune markers in patients with hypothyroidism

Background and Purpose: Thyroid autoimmune disease is the most common thyroid disorder in low-iodine intake areas; evaluation of thyroid peroxidase antibodies [TPOAb], anti- Thyoglubolin [TGAb] and anti-microsomal [TMAb] in most patients with hypothyroidism is of significant importance

Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the role of anti-thyroid antibodies in patients with hypothyroidism in Sabzevar, Iran

Methods and Materials: This is a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study where 382 subjects with TSH above normal and T3 and T4 below normal were selected through non-probability convenient sampling. Their TSH, TPOAb, TGAb and TMSb were measured through Eliza method. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square, independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient, where P< 0.05 was considered significant

Results: TPOAb, TGAb and TMSb in men and women with TSH higher than 10 mIU/ml were 72.3%, 78.3% and 50% positive respectively. In 72.3% of the subjects, TPOAb was above normal; in 78.5% of them TMAb was higher, and in 50% of them TGAb was higher. The highest rate of correlation was observed between TGAb and TPOAb [r=0.89]

Conclusion: The results indicated that, in the population studied, TPOAb, TMAb and TGAb were higher than the normal rates, and that TPOAb and TGAb are more remarkably changing to higher rates than TMAb

prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in health- treatment employees at sabzevar university of medical sciences, iran in 2008

Background and Purpose: Musculoskeletal disorders among the most important occupational health issues nowadays. As the ministry of health is responsible for the community health and providing better services requires healthy workforce, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in health-treatment employees at Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2008

Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 364 personnel of health treatment employees at Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2008, who were selected through convenient sampling. The disorders were investigated through Nordik Questionnaire including those in 9 body parts within the past week, past year, and falling behind work due to disorders. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 13 using independent test and correlation coefficient.

Results: Mean +/- SD and employment period of the participants were 31.81?6.?? and 9.36?7 respectively. The highest prevalence of the past year in all participants was related to their waist [57.8%], knee [44%] and [42.6%]. However, in participants working for treatment centers, the figures were 61.6%, 46.9% and 48.6% respectively. In the paramedical employees, disorders of was 29.7% and in health center employees, wrist disorders were 28.4%

Conclusion: The prevalence of disorders in university employees is high and the highest rates are related to waist and knee. Disorders of back, waist, knee in the treatment and center employees, and neck disorders in health center employees were higher

prevalence of violence against wives and relevant factors in married women admitted to health and treatment clinics in sabzevar [2007]

Background and Purpose: Domestic violence against women is considered as one of the general and mental health concerns and covers a variety of injuries incurred on married women. It is the most common form of violence against wives which affects other health priorities including maternal well-being and safety, mental health and family planning. The present research was conducted to study the prevalence of domestic violence and related factors

Methods and Materials: In 2007, this descriptive analytical research was conducted on 396 married women [selected through convenient sampling] who were admitted to the Health Clinics in Sabzevar, Iran. They were given the Index of Spouse Violence to fill out, and the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square, Fisher's test, and Student t-test

Results: The most common forms of violence were mental violence [29.2%] followed by sexual violence [28%], and physical violence [10.8%]. It was found that home violence correlated with the couple's educational level, husband's addiction, experience of violent behavior in the couple's childhood, familial relation between the couple, spouse's physical or nervous disease, place of birth, and the number of children [p<0.05]

Conclusion: Domestic violence against women was high in the study, and the most common forms of violence were mental, sexual and physical violence

Study and identification of various species of candida in candidiasis vaginitis in women admitted to mobini hospital in Sabzevar, Iran [2007]

Background and Purpose: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is one of the most common infections in women and is caused by various types of candidiasis with different patterns of resistance against drugs. The present study was conducted to determine the various species of candidiasis in women admitted to Mobini Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran in order to make preventive recommendations for medical doctors

Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical research was conducted on 231 women admitted to Mobini Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran, complaining of vaginal secretions. After getting the ethics committee permissions and obtaining the informed consent of the participants, at the same time as measuring vaginal pH, two swaps were used for collecting samples of secretions from lateral and posterior fornix. They were examined for yeasts and were then cultured in saburu dextrose. Grown yeasts were detected based on their macroscopic and microscopic features, tubulation in blood serum and biochemical characteristics using Yeast Plus System. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 11 using chi-square and bi-dimensional tables

Results: Positives results in direct examination results were 7.35%, and in culture the positive results were 26.8%. In detecting processes, candida albicans yeast [38.7%], Candida kefyr [17.7%], Saccharomyces cerevisiae [14,5%]; candia tropicalis [9.6%], Candida glabrata [8%], candida cruse [3.2%] were isolated with other non-pathogenic yeasts including Candida rugosa, Candida lipolytica, trycospron bejli, Blastoschizomyces capitatus [6.4%]

Conclusion: Non-pathogenic yeasts were isolated from patients with defective immunity systems, and need to be considered in patients with vaginal infections

relationship between diet and development of gestational hypertension

Background and Purpose: Gestational hypertension is one of the factors leading to maternal hospitalization during pregnancy. Studies have so far focused on the role of gestational diet in the occurrence of preeclampsia. The present study is conducted to evaluate the relationship between gestational diet and gestational hypertension

Methods and Materials: In a case-control study, 100 pregnant women suffering from gestational hypertension disorders and 100 women with no history of hypertension during pregnancy and before that but being hospitalized in the same hospital after labor, were compared. The sample size was calculated on the basis of the study objectives as well as = ? 0.05 and beta=0.80. Data were collected through interview, food frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour diet recall form. In order to analyze the data, the consumed food substances were converted into gram scale and then the Food Processor software rendered the data on diet. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square and logistic regression model

Results: The participants' mean age was 26.7 +/- 6 years. Calcium [p= 0.004], magnesium [p=0.037], phosphorus [p= 0.001] and potassium intakes [p= 0.007] were higher in cases than the controls. Having controlled all variables affecting hypertensive disorders, the logistic regression revealed that fiber and calcium were significantly dominant in the development of gestational hypertension

Discussion: The results of the study showed that calcium and fiber played a more direct role in the development of gestational hypertension

Comparison of the quality and safety of sausage and salami with standards in sabzevar, iran

Background and Purpose: Sausage and salami undergo changes after production and packaging, which can endanger the health of people. Therefore, controlling these products is important because of their variety and ease of access. The aim of this study is to investigate the quality and safety of sausage and salami

Methods and Materials: This cross sectional descriptive study involved the two products of sausage and salami as marketed in Sabzevar, Iran in 2007. A total of 64 samples of the two products were provided from the market. After assessing items such as production permit and badge of standard, their quality and organoleptic indexes such as color, odor, nitrite and fat were measured. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chisquare, and Fischer's exact test in order to compare the quality of safety of the two products with standardized amounts

Results: All products had production permit and badge of standard, and all had production and expiry date except 13% of them. All lacked salmonella, and were kept in polymer packs and low temperatures. Their salt [except for one case] and organolpetic status including state, color, odor, and taste were evaluated to be satisfactory. As for the quality, laboratory tests showed the amount of fat to be 25% higher than the standard, carbohydrate 50%, ash 21.9%, moisture 29.7% and nitrite 29.7% higher. Also, protein was shown to be 15.6% lower than the standard

Conclusion: Despite the satisfactory level of safety, quality results of some of the products were different from the acceptable amounts

Study of the relationship of socioeconomic and demographic factors with fertility

Background and Purpose: Epidemiologists have always been sought to discover factors influencing populations so that they can control population growth. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of socioeconomic and demographic factors with fertility

Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical study was conducted in two stages in 2003 on 1300 families in the Northwester province of Azarbaijan-Gharbi in Iran. The study data were collected through questionnaires and interview. The relationship between woman's age, marital age, marital duration, sexual preference, number of wanted children, stillbirth, child death, education and employment, couples age difference and fertility was determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple linear regression and ANCOVA in SPSS

Results: Mean age of the participants was 32.61 +/- 7.97, and mean live birth was 2.39 +/- 1.82. In the regression model, child death, number of wanted children, sexual preference marital duration with positive coefficients, and couples education with negative coefficients emerged. Fertility in marriages under 15 years [4.20 +/- 2.43] was significantly higher than other marital age groups. Fertility was higher in illiterate or low-education women. Mean wanted child in women of younger than 20 years old and women of 40-49 years of age were 2.9 +/- 0.56 and 3.37 +/- 0.84 respectively

Conclusion: As the results suggest, child death, sexual preference, desire to bear more infants and marriage before the age of 15 are associated with higher fertility rates . Illiterate or Low-education women are more fertile than other educational groups. Mean wanted children in women of under 20 years of age is higher than the current fertility rate

incidence of apparent congenital anomalies in neonates in mobini maternity hospital in Sabzevar, Iran in 2005-6

Background and Purpose: Most congenital anomalies are preventable and their identification and prevention are much more cost-effective than their treatment and rehabilitation. The present study was conducted to determine the incidence of apparent congenital anomalies in neonates born in Mobini Maternity Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran

Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted on all neonates born with apparent anomalies from February 2005 to February 2006. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire including the information on parents, neonate, and the anomaly which was confirmed by a pediatrician. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using chi-square

Results: Out of 7786 live neonates, 191 cases [2.4%] had distinct congenital anomalies. Incidence of anomalies was 56.5% in males [108 cases], which was significantly higher than females [p<0.001]. The most common anomalies were musculoskeletal [43.97%] and genitourinary [17.8%]

Conclusion: The findings indicate that the incidence of anomalies in neonates born in Sabzevar is similar to other studies