Effect of moderate aerobic training on bone metabolism indices among adult humans

This study assessed the osteogenic effect [T-Score] and changes in bone markers in healthy subjects by 12-weeks of aerobic training. Total 65 healthy subjects [36 males, 29 females], their age ranged between 30 and 60 years with normal body mass index, were recruited to participate in this study and they were selected among healthy subjects who do not have any metabolic disorders and were not receiving any medication that could affect the bone turnover. Standardized physical examination and collection of serum samples were performed at base line and after 12 weeks of moderate aerobic training to measure bone formation markers [osteocalcin [OC] and bone specific alkaline Phosphatase [BAP] and bone resorption marker Deoxypyridinoline [DPD], and serum calcium. Each subject participated in exercise training program for 12 weeks, three times per week. The results showed that the 12 weeks of moderate aerobic training produced a significant improvement in all bone metabolism indices including Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, serum osteocalcin, serum free Calcium and bone mineral density among all subjects. Moderate intensity of aerobic training exerts significant positive effects on bone formation marker and bone density associated with a significant decrease in the rate of bone resorption that could assist in preventing or decelerating osteoporosis

Non-polio enteroviruses aseptic meningitis: embaba fever hospital admissions 2010-2011

Human enteroviruses [EV] cause a wide spectrum of both common and uncommon illnesses among all age groups. Enterically transmitted. The objective of this study was to identify non-poliovirus EV as a cause of viral aseptic meningitis [VAM] by two methods [cell culture and Real time PCR]. From October 2010 to August 2011 cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] samples were collected from 85 patients Embaba fever hospital admitted with symptoms of aseptic meningitis of any age and both sexes. The 85 CSF samples were inoculated into RD [human rhabdomyosarcoma] cell line in three blind passages to amplify isolates producing EV-like CPE. A total of 14 [16.5%] out of 85 CSF samples showed EV-like CPE. By Real time PCR 11 out of the 14 culture positive samples and 5 out of the 14 source of virus isolation original CSF were non polio EV positive. The frequency of non-polio EV meningitis hospital admissions was in the summer season [50%], spring [25%], late autumn [16.6%] and least frequency in winter [8.4%]. non-polio EV meningitis was detected in 6 out of 41 male patients [14.5%] and in 6 out of 44 female patients [13.5%]. Also non-polio EV meningitis was detected in all ages with marked increase of incidence in young children [41.6%] and old age [50%] and less in adult [8.4%]. Our data showed that the non-polioviruses EV was associated with the majority of VAM during 2010 - 2011 at the Embaba fever hospital which serves Embaba, Shoubra Elkheema, Qualyba and neighbors localities in Egypt. Rapid detection of non-polio EV meningitis is essential for making decisions about patient management and treatment

Predictors of mortality in mechanically ventilated COPD patients

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] commonly require hospitalization and admission to intensive care unit. It is useful to identify patients at the time of admission who are likely to have poor outcome. This study was carried out to define the predictors of mortality in mechanically ventilated COPD patients and to advice a scoring system using the baseline physiological variables for prognosticating these patients. This study comprised 220 patients with acute respiratory failure [ARF] secondary to COPD, requiring mechanical ventilation [MV] and admitted to the intensive care unit [ICU] of Menoufiya Chest Department over a two-year period. Clinical and demographic data including APACHE III [Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Status Evaluation] score and Charlson co-morbidity score were recorded on MV, at the time of admission to the ICU. In addition, the acid base status, renal and liver functions, serum electrolytes, LDH, CRP and albumin were recorded at the time of presentation. The length of stay in-hospital, in the ICU, and mechanical ventilation were also recorded. The mean serum albumin level was 2.77 +/- 0.39 gm/dL and 2.11 +/- 0.19 for survivors and non-survivors, respectively [p < 0.05]. As regards ABGs; the mean PaCO2 was 54.8 +/- 6.39 mmHg and 76.1 +/- 11.1, PaO2 was 54.8 +/- 7.1 mmHg and 50.2 +/- 4.9, and HCO3 was 34.7 +/- 4.2 mEq/L and 41.6 +/- 4.8 in survivors and non-survivors, respectively [p < 0.05]. Charlson co-morbidity index demonstrated a cut off value of 1.4 +/- 0.3 and 2.6 +/- 0.6 and APACHE III score off value was 45.2 +/- 12.62 and 80.9 +/- 15, for survivors and non-survivors, respectively with statistically significant correlation for both indices [p < 0.05]. The present results indicate that the severity scores, like Charlson co-morbidity and APACHE III scores, are useful and reliable tools for predicting mortality in COPD patients requiring MV. Serum albumin level, renal functions as well as the oxygenation and ventilation parameters can also, predict mortality

Clinico-laboratory study on children with auto-immune hepatitis in upper Egypt

Auto-immune hepatitis [AIH] in children is a rare chronic progressive liver disorder. It is characterized serologically by high aminotransferase levels, elevated immunoglobulin G [IgG] and the presence of autoantibodies. AIH is divided into two types according to the autoantibody profile. This study aims to assess frequency, clinical manifestations, biochemical features and outcome of AIH in children attending Assuit University Hospitals in Upper Egypt with acute icteric hepatitis and seronegative viral markers [anti-hepatitis A virus [HAV] IgM, HbsAg, anti-hepatitis C virus [anti-HCV] Ab]. The study includes 34 children with AIH, diagnosed on the basis of the International Scoring Criteria of Auto-immune Hepatitis, recruited from Assuit University Hospitals, during the period from January 2005 to December 2009. All patients received prednisolone 2 mg kg[-1] day[-1]. Follow-up was done for 1 year. Among 34 children diagnosed as AIH, 24 were females [70.5%] and 10 were males [29.5%]. Jaundice represented the most consistent finding in all patients. According to the autoantibody profile, 25 children were classified as type 1 and nine children were classified as type 2. Corticosteroid therapy was started. Complete remission was observed in 67.6% of patients and partial remission in 17.6%. There was no significant statistical difference in clinical and biochemical features of AIH in patients regarding the response to treatment. Mild side effects of steroid therapy were encountered in 48.2% of patients. After complete withdrawal of corticosteroids, six patients [20.7%] developed relapse. AIH type 1 was the main form of AIH in children referred to Assiut University Hospitals. Girls were more affected than boys. AIH type 1 exhibited a more active, ongoing immunologic process. Steroid alone can be used successfully in most cases. Children with AIH type 2 had a higher frequency of relapse after corticosteroid withdrawal. Further studies on a larger number of cases and long-term follow-up are recommended

OX40/OX40L in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with disease activity and lupus nephritis

OX40-OX40L interaction is implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]. We evaluated the role of OX40/OX40L as markers of disease activity and nephritis in SLE patients. Case-control study conducted in 2009 on SLE patients attending the outpatient clinics of Ain Shams University Hospital, Egypt. We assessed the percentage of CD4+ T-lymphocytes expressing OX40 by flowcytometry, and serum OX40 ligand [OX40L] levels in 40 patients with SLE [20 with lupus nephritis and 20 without] and in 20 healthy controls. Disease activity was assessed by the University of Toronto SLE disease activity index [SLEDAI]. The percentage of CD4+ T-lymphocytes expressing OX40 was significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls, and in patients with lupus nephritis than in those without. OX40 expression correlated positively with both serum creatinine levels and SLEDAI. OX40 expression was the highest in patients with class V lupus nephritis and lowest in class II. Serum OX40L levels were significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls, and in patients with nephritis than in those without. Serum OX40L levels correlated with serum creatinine levels but not with SLEDAI. OX40 expression on CD4+ T-cells had a higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing lupus nephritis than both OX40L and anti-double-stranded DNA levels. OX40-OX40L interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of SLE. The expression of OX40 on CD4+ T-lymphocytes and the serum level of OX40L may act as markers of lupus nephritis. Measurements of percentages of CD4+ T-lymphocytes expressing OX40 may serve as an indicator of disease activity in SLE

Modified axillary brachial plexus block: a novel technique for basilac vien superficiliziation arterio-venous fistula

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a newly developed axillary brachial plexus anesthesia by a modified technique in basilac vien superflcialization arterio-venous fistula as a sole anesthetic agent in patients with end stage renal disease. Forty patients were studied aged [30-60yrs]. All patients with end-stage renal disease and underwent basilac vien mobilization A-Vfistula. Patients were classified into two equal groups, group A in which we tried our new modfled [open] axilary brachial plexus block and group B where traditional axillary brachial plexus block was used. Sensory and motor block were assessed at 0, 5,10, 20, 30 min and then 1 and 2 hours. Any analgesics, sedatives, and anesthetics given to the patient was recorded. In group A there was a significant increase in the number of patients with adequate sensory/motor block for surgical anesthesia [90%] while it was [60%] in group B also time of onset of sensory block was significant by shorter in group A. Total failure was [15%] in group B and [25%] had incomplete block requiring either local infiltration or general anesthesia vs no failure[0%] in group A. The modified brachial plexus block could be introduced as safe and effective new technique in blocking axillary brachial plexus. However this maneuver could be used as sole anesthetic agent selectively in patients underwent basilac vein mobilization A-V fistula

Adenomatous colorectal polyps in patients referred for colonoscopy in regional hospital in Kuwait

Adenomatous colorectal polyps [ACPs] are known to be the precursor lesions for colorectal cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, endoscopic and pathological features of ACPs in patients referred for colonoscopy. The endoscopic and histological reports of adult patients who underwent complete colonoscopy in the gastroenterology unit of a regional Kuwaiti hospital between January 2008 and December 2008 were retrospectively studied. The specimens of polyps were reviewed by an experienced pathologist who was blinded to the clinical or endoscopic information. Non-neoplastic polyps were not included in the analysis. Of 530 eligible patients [mean age, 45 years; male-female ratio, 2:1], 54 [10%] had 103 ACPs. Of the patients with ACPs [mean age, 57 years], 43 [80%] were males and 36 [67%] were Kuwaitis. Histopathological examination of the most significant polyp in each patient revealed that 40 [74%] polyps were tubular adenomas [TAs]; 11 [20%], tubulovillous [TV] adenomas; and 3 [6%], villous adenomas. High-grade dysplasia was noticed in 4 [10%] adenomas. Fifteen [2.8%] of the 530 patients had advanced ACPs. Logistic regression analysis of some variables and their association with ACPs found that age [P<0.001; OR, 1.9; CI, 1.5-2.3], history of adenoma [P=0.001; OR, 6.4; CI, .2.1-19.4] and being Kuwaitis [P=0.029; OR, 2.1; CI, 1.1-4.1] to be independently associated with ACPs. The most common histological type of ACPs was tubular adenoma. Advancing age, being Kuwaiti nationals and prior removal of ACPs were significantly associated with the occurrence of ACPs

Prevalence of CYP2D6 gene duplication in egyptian patients with neuropathic pain

The polymorphic cytochrome 2D6 [CYP2D6] causing ultrarapid metabolism due to presence of multiple copies of active CYP2D6 genes is common in middle east population. The CYP2D6 genotype of Egyptian population was examined using allele- specific polymerase chain reaction [PCR] amplification. Among thirty neuropathic pain patients studied, twenty patients [66.6%] were positive in the duplication assay. Alleles that cause diminished enzyme activity were frequently found like CYP2D6*17 [African gene] [23.3%,] and allele CYP2D6*4 [European gene] which showed a frequency of [16.6%] .None of the patients was homozygous for CYP2D6*4,. strongly suggesting that no poor metabolizer [PM] individuals in the studied population. This is in agreement with earlier phenotyping study among Egyptians. The patients studied showed a rapid and obvious response to oral tramadol [50 mg, tds.] .Results imply that gene deletion may not he the only modulatory factor responsible for the clinical outcome following tramadol therapy

Endoscopic nodular gastritis in dyspeptic adults: prevalence and association with helicobacter pylori infection

To determine the prevalence and histological features of endoscopic nodular gastritis [NG] in adult dyspeptic patients and its relation to Helicobacter pylori infection. A retrospective endoscopic report review of 2,142 patients identified 67 patients with NG during the period from 1 September 2006 to 31 August 2007. A subset of 32 NG patients [group 1] who had had gastric biopsies during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and had been evaluated for H. pylori infection were compared to 32 age- and gender-matched dyspeptic patients. They had undergone endoscopy during the same period, which yielded normal results, and had available biopsies that were similarly evaluated for H. pylori infection [controls, group 2]. Pertinent clinical data were obtained from the patients' records. An experienced pathologist assessed the biopsies for the presence and grade of inflammation, activity, glandular atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, presence and density of H. pylori and presence of lymphoid follicles or aggregates. NG was identified in 67 [3.1%] patients. On histological examination, group 1 had a significantly higher grade of gastritis [p<0.001]. The presence and density of H. pylori infection was significantly higher in group 1 [p <0.001]. The H. pylori density correlated significantly with the severity of gastritis [r = 0.57, p <0.001]. The endoscopic performance of NG on H. pylori infection had high specificity [96.8%] and positive predictive value [93.3%]. This study outlined the clinicopathological features of NG identified among a cohort of dyspeptic patients in Kuwait and confirmed the close association with H. pylori infection. However, our study has a limitation in that histopathologic assessment of all NG patients was not feasible

Benign covuIsions with acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children

Seizures in diarrheic children may be due to several etiologies. However seizures may occur in the absence of an obvious cause which is called benign convulsions with gastroenteritis [BCWG]. The aim of this study is to describe the frequency, clinical characters and outcome of benign seizures with gastroenteritis in children attending Assiut University Children Hospital and its possible relationship to some pathogenic organisms. 62 patients with acute gastroenteritis and convulsions were recruited for the study and 35 children with acute gastroenteritis without convulsions were included as a control group They were 34 male and 28 female. The clinical data and electroencephalogram were recorded. Stool specimens from patients and controls were tested for Shigella spp, E. coil 0157. Stool radioimmunoassay for rotavirus was done. Follow up was done after recovery from seizure for one year in pediatric neurology outpatient clinic. The number of patients presented with seizures was 62 patients [34 boys and 28 girls]. Causes of convulsions could be detected in 29[46.8%] of the cases. in 33 cases [53.2%] of all studied patients no obvious causes for convulsions could be detected so they were considered as having BCWG. They were 11 girls and 22 boys. Rotavirus particles were present in 15 [45.5%] of BCWG cases and these cases had younger age, associated with more frequent motions, watery diarrhea, vomiting, thirst, more frequent seizures, earlier onset of seizures to onset of diarrhea and more frequent focal seizures. None of these patients showed recurrence of afebrile seizures later on and their developmental milestones remained normal during the one year follow up period. Benign convulsions with gastroenteritis are frequently associated with rotavirus infection, usually carry excellent prognosis and no need for prolonged antiepileptic therapy

Dramatic Improvement in the Efficacy of Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccines by Co-administration of Echinacea

Foot and mouth disease [FMD] is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The goal of the present study was to increase the efficacy of FMD vaccines by coadministration of Echinacea [herbal medicine for enhancing the immune system]. Two dairy farms [1 and 11] containing 1620 cows and calves were firstly monitored by nonstructural proteins [NSPs] antibody test for identifying the previous or current infections. The non-infected calves of 4 months old were selected in the 2 farms and divided into 4 groups of 90 calves. Group A was vaccinated with imported FMD vaccine [Raksha-Ovac, India] alone. Group B was vaccinated with imported FMD vaccine associated with Echinacea. Group C was vaccinated with local FMD vaccine alone and, Group D was vaccinated with local FMD vaccine associated with Echinacea. The efficacy of such vaccine either alone or associated with Echinacea were evaluated by determination of the antibody titers in the sera of vaccinated animals by ELISA and SNT. The results of NSPs antibody test revealed that 12 animals out of 820 were infected in farm I while 10 out of 800 were infected in farm II. ELISA and SNT results showed that, the protective antibody level was higher in sera of group B than group A in farm I and in group D than group c in farm II. This level was generally higher in farm I than farm II and continued until the 32[nd] and 40[th] week post-vaccination in group A and B of farm I respectively while in farm II it continued until the 20th and 24th week post-vaccination in group C and D, respectively. The association of Echinacea significantly enhanced the efficacy of both FMD local and imported vaccines and this is the first paper, to our knowledge, that described the association of Echinacea with FMD vaccines in the veterinary field with its use in treatment of infected animals

Potential antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of propolis extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus leading to various complications including atherosclerosis. Propolis was reported to have oxygen radical scavenging activity. The present study was designed to investigate the possible antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of ethanolic extract of propolis [EEP]. Type[2] diabetes was induced in rats by injection of streptozotocin [STZ] in a dose of 60 mg/kg bwt, i.p. for 3 consecutive days. After 5 weeks of STZ injection, there were an apparent reduction in the animal body weight amounting to 21% and significant increases in serum glucose [184%], triglycerides [63%], total cholesterol [43%] and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C] [148%] with a concomitant decrease in serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C] [51%] as compared to the control normal group. In addition, there was significant elevation in pancreatic lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde [MDA] and serum nitric oxide [NO] amounting to 185% and 224%, respectively with marked reduction in serum reduced glutathione [GSH] andcatalase [CAT] [66% and 31%, respectively] and pancreatic superoxide dismutase [SOD] [54%] in STZ-treated rats. On the other hand, oral daily treatment of animals with EEP in a dose of 200mg/kg bwt for a period of 5 weeks ameliorated STZ-induced alterations in the animal body weight as well as in serum glucose, lipids, lipoproteins, NO, GSH and CAT and pancreatic MDA and SOD. In conclusion, propolis extract offers promising antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects that may be mainly attributed to its potent antioxidant potential. Further studies will be needed in future in order to determine which one[or more] of its active constituents has the main antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects

Utility of imidazole derivative in the synthesis of biologically active nitrogen heterocyclic systems

Reaction of 2-[4-[4-Chlorobenzylidene]-5-oxo-4,5 dihydroxazol2-ylmethyl]- isoindole-l,3-dione [1] with p-aminoacetophenone followed by reaction with p-chi- orobenzaldehyde afforded chalcone 3, which used was as a precursor for the synthesis of a variety of pyrazole, oxazole, pyrimidine, pyridine and oxarine compounds.On the other hand, the reaction of 1 with glycine afforded imidazolylglycine [14] which reacted with thionyl chloride followed by addition of ammonium thiocyanate to give the isothiocyanate derivative 15 which reacts with different nitrogen and carbon nucleophiles to afford new derivatives of biologically active heterocycles. The antimicrobial activities of some synthesized derivatives were examined against some selected bacteria and fungi

Sentinel lymph node mapping in colorectal cancer

The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy in colorectal cancer. Forty patients with colorectal cancer underwent intraoperative SLN mapping. Patent blue dye was infected around the tumor. After resection of the tumor, the specimen was examined to identify the blue-stained lymph nodes. Routine histopathological examination was performed on all nodes and the blue nodes Lymphatic mapping was possible in 32 out of 40 patients [80%]. Pathological examination with haematoxylin and eosin staining showed lymph node metastasis in 24 out of 32 patients. In 21 of these 24 patients the blue nodes showed tumor cells, while in 3 the blue nodes were not involved. This represents a false negative rate of'12.5 percent. Intraoperative SLN mapping is a feasible technique, and had a reasonable SLN identification rate

five years retrospective study of poisoning cases investigated by the forensic chemical laboratory in Upper Egypt

Poisoning is an important health hazard and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A five years retrospective study of poisoning cases in seven governorates of Upper Egypt investigated by Assiut Forensic Chemical Laboratory in the period from January 2002 to December 2006 was conducted to investigate the patterns, incidences, mode of poisoning, and types of poisons. The total number of cases was 407. The geographical distribution was; 14.0% from Almenia, 44.0% from Assiut, 19.9% from Sohag, 16.5% from Qena, 2.7% from Aswan, 2.2% from Red sea and 0.7% from New Valley. The highest incidence of poisoning was found in 2006 [29%] followed by 2004 [20.4%] then 2002 [18.7] and2005 [16.2%], lastly 2003 [15, 7%]. The highest incidence was in males [61.2%] and the maximum number of cases was recorded in the age group between 21 and 30 years [30.2%]. Suicide cases represented 49.6% of the total cases, 59.9% of them were females while cases of abuse represented 32.7% and 95.5% of them were males. Pesticides were the commonest poisons detected [47.3% of the total], where organophosphates represented [22.1%] and carbamates represented [20.6%] of the total cases. Also they were the main killer used in suicide cases in addition to hair dye ingestion [18.4%]. The use of hair dye for poisoning was common particularly in the south governorates [Qena 81.6% and Aswan 8.2%], either for suicide [83.7%] or trials of suicide [4.1%] and also for murder in 10.2% of the cases. Alcohol was the commonest substance of abuse reported in this study followed by antipsychotics [60.9% and 20.3% respectively]. Cannabis and hydrocarbons had similar percentages [5.3%] followed by hypnotics, opioids and other drugs. This study revealed that there is annual increase in the number of poisoning cases particularly in young adults. Deliberate self- poisoning is a major problem, followed by drug abuse. Pesticides were the main killer followed by hair dye. Alcohol was the commonest abuse substance. There was male predominance except in suicide cases where females predominate

Bloodstream infection due to bacillus cereus in a preterm neonate associated with necrotizing enterocolitis: a case report

A case of nosocomial bloodstream infection caused by Bacillus cereus [B.cereus] in a 33-day old preterm neonate in a teaching hospital in Kuwait who developed necrotizing enterocolitis [NEC] is described. The possible role of B. cereus in NEC is discussed

Streptococcus pneumoniae as a cause of early onset neonatal sepsis: first report from Kuwait

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a rarely recognized cause of neonatal sepsis. We present a case of S. pneumoniae bacteremia that developed on the second day of life in a neonate born at 38 weeks of gestation to a mother who had prolonged rupture of the membranes [19 hours]. The isolate was penicillin sensitive. The child responded to a 14 day course of antibiotics. S. pneumoniae was isolated from the vagina of the mother by a swab culture collected prior to delivery, and isolates from the mother and the baby had the same sensitivity patterns. This case expands the spectrum of organisms responsible for early onset neonatal sepsis in Kuwait. To our knowledge, such an incident was not previously reported from Kuwait

Chemical and toxicological studies on some phenothiazines

Phenothiazines are widely used in the treatment of certain psychiatric disorders. Overdoses of these drugs are common and are potentially lives threatening of patients. This work aims to study the chromatographic and spectrophotometric behavior of some of commonly used phenothiazines [chlorpromazine hydrochloride and fluphenazine decanoate]. And estimation of the drugs to determine their distribution among different tissues, hair and body fluids of albino rats by using quick, sensitive and reliable method of analysis. The present study was conducted on ninety albino rats. The study divided into two parts [A and B] each involved 45 rats; A: The chemical and toxicological studies on chlorpromazine hydrochloride in toxic, lethal and chronic toxic doses. B: The chemical and toxicological studies on fluphenazine decanoate in toxic, lethal and chronic toxic doses. After extraction of chlorpromazine and fluphenazine from brain, liver, kidney, muscle, hair and plasma with ammonium sulphate, identification of the drugs was done using color tests and thin layer chromatography. UV spectrophotomeric and HPLC analysis of the samples was done. The results revealed that thin-layer chromatography gave positive results with tissue extracts of all organs and in all doses. It was obvious from the obtained results that the method used for spectrophotometric analysis offers the advantages of simplicity, specificity without the need of further extraction or heating, besides having higher sensitivity range than most of the existing spectrophotometric methods. The highest concentration of chlorpromazine was found in the kidney in all doses, followed by serum in toxic dose and liver in both lethal and chronic toxicity. Then the distribution varies in the other organs according to the different doses. The mean concentration of chlorpromazine was higher with HPLC than that with spectrophotometric method with significant difference in all organs. The order of distribution of fluphenazine in various organs of animals receiving the toxic dose by both HPLC and spectrophotometric methods was; [kidney, muscles, serum, liver, lung, hair, brain and heart] While the order of distributions of fluphenazine in various organs of animals received the lethal dose by the two methods was; [kidney, liver, serum, muscle, brain, hair, heart and lung] and that for animals receiving the chronic toxic dose was,[kidney, liver, serum, muscle, hair, brain, lung and heart]. It was clear that the order of distributions of chlorpromazine and fluphenazine in various organs in all doses was the same either by spectrophotometric or by HPLC methods, but the concentration of the drug was higher by HPLC than that by spectrophotometer and this difference was significant in all organs