Transepithelial Laser versus Alcohol Assisted Photorefractive Keratectomy Safety and Efficacy: 1-Year Follow-up of a Contralateral Eye Study

Purpose@#To compare single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK) to conventional alcohol assisted epithelial removal then photorefractive keratectomy (AAPRK) regarding pain, epithelial healing, visual acuity, corneal haze measured subjectively and objectively, higher order aberrations changes, contrast sensitivity and vector analysis of astigmatic correction with one year follow-up. @*Methods@#A prospective double-blind randomized study of 29 subjects (58 eyes) who underwent myopic aberration-free laser correction by smart pulse technology using Schwind Amaris 1050 Hz with 1-year follow-up. Right eye was randomly treated by AAPRK or TPRK. Postoperative assessment was performed on day 1 and 3, at 1st week, and 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months. Patients were assessed for pain, epithelial healing, visual acuity, corneal haze, astigmatic correction, higher order aberrations and contrast sensitivity. @*Results@#Epithelial healing was complete by the 3rd day in 62.1% of AAPRK eyes and in 89.7% of TPRK eyes. First day postoperative pain was higher in TPRK group (p = 0.0134). The decimal uncorrected visual acuity at 12 months was 1.47 ± 0.39 and 1.57 ± 0.38 in the AAPRK and TPRK groups respectively (p = 0.3719). Post-photorefractive keratectomy haze reached a final level of 0.04 ± 0.14 and 0.02 ± 0.1 in AAPRK and TPRK groups respectively (p = 0.5607). Contrast sensitivity was comparable in low and high frequency cycles per degree. Vector analysis of astigmatic correction showed correction index at one year of 0.99 and 1.05 for AAPRK and TPRK groups respectively. @*Conclusions@#Alcohol assisted and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy have comparable results regarding safety and efficacy.

Transepithelial Laser versus Alcohol Assisted Photorefractive Keratectomy Safety and Efficacy: 1-Year Follow-up of a Contralateral Eye Study

Purpose@#To compare single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK) to conventional alcohol assisted epithelial removal then photorefractive keratectomy (AAPRK) regarding pain, epithelial healing, visual acuity, corneal haze measured subjectively and objectively, higher order aberrations changes, contrast sensitivity and vector analysis of astigmatic correction with one year follow-up. @*Methods@#A prospective double-blind randomized study of 29 subjects (58 eyes) who underwent myopic aberration-free laser correction by smart pulse technology using Schwind Amaris 1050 Hz with 1-year follow-up. Right eye was randomly treated by AAPRK or TPRK. Postoperative assessment was performed on day 1 and 3, at 1st week, and 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months. Patients were assessed for pain, epithelial healing, visual acuity, corneal haze, astigmatic correction, higher order aberrations and contrast sensitivity. @*Results@#Epithelial healing was complete by the 3rd day in 62.1% of AAPRK eyes and in 89.7% of TPRK eyes. First day postoperative pain was higher in TPRK group (p = 0.0134). The decimal uncorrected visual acuity at 12 months was 1.47 ± 0.39 and 1.57 ± 0.38 in the AAPRK and TPRK groups respectively (p = 0.3719). Post-photorefractive keratectomy haze reached a final level of 0.04 ± 0.14 and 0.02 ± 0.1 in AAPRK and TPRK groups respectively (p = 0.5607). Contrast sensitivity was comparable in low and high frequency cycles per degree. Vector analysis of astigmatic correction showed correction index at one year of 0.99 and 1.05 for AAPRK and TPRK groups respectively. @*Conclusions@#Alcohol assisted and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy have comparable results regarding safety and efficacy.

Co-existence of pests and their associated predators inhabiting cantaloupe plants, cucumis melo L. in Assiut, Egypt

The present study was carried out during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons of cantaloupe. Faunistic composition of pests and their associated predators inhabiting cantaloupe plants Cucumis melo L. revealed the presence of 22 insect species belonging to 17 families and 10 orders. The serious pest species were represented by 14 species with 7 predaceous species. The most abundant sucking insect pest was whitefly; Bemisia tabaci Genn. It was the most abundant and seemed to be the major pest infesting cantaloupe, followed by the two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch:, and some piercing sucking insects such as cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii Glov.; onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lind. and jassids, Empoasca spp. Orius sp, Chrysoperla carnea Steph. and Coccinella undecimpunctata L. were the most numerous predators. In all cases the dominance degrees of the pests were higher than those of the predators

Molecular phylogeny of some avian species using cytochrome b gene sequence analysis

Veritable identification and differentiation of avian species is a vital step in conservative, taxonomic, forensic, legal and other ornithological interventions. Therefore, this study involved the application of molecular approach to identify some avian species i.e. Chicken [Gallus gallus], Muskovy duck [Cairina moschata], Japanese quail [Coturnix japonica], Laughing dove [Streptopelia senegalensis], and Rock pigeon [Columba livia]. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene [358 bp] was amplified and sequenced using universal primers. Sequences alignment and phylogenetic analyses were performed by CLC main workbench program. The obtained five sequences were deposited in GenBank and compared with those previously registered in GenBank. The similarity percentage was 88.60% between Gallus gallus and Coturnix japonica and 80.46% between Gallus gallus and Columba livia. The percentage of identity between the studied species and GenBank species ranged from 77.20% [Columba oenas and Anas platyrhynchos] to 100% [Gallus gallus and Gallus sonneratii, Coturnix coturnix and Coturnix japonica, Meleagris gallopavo and Columba livia]. Amplification of the partial sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene proved to be practical for identification of an avian species unambiguously

Population age structure of the green beach aphid, Myzus Persicae [Sulzer] [Homoptera: Aphididae] in Cumin fields in Assiut Upper Egypt

The present studies were carried out during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 on cumin growing seasons. The main objective was to study population age structure of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae [Sulzer] infesting cumin plants in Assiut, Upper Egypt. When using beginning of cumin planting as a starting date, data show that the migration of the green peach aphid from overwintering site into cumin fields occurred after about 50 days [nearly during the end of December]. The population then increased to become 10% of the maximum number after 66 days [nearly during the first half of January]. Maximum population density of the green peach aphid occurred after about 95 days. Therefore, the peak of abundance could be expected around the first half of February. After the population reached it's the highest level, it generally declined and reached 10% of the maximum after 121 days. The population then vanished from the cumin field in about 132 days [toward the middle of March]. The present results indicate that the number of green peach aphid was significantly higher in the second season 2013 [421.3 aphids / 10 plants], than that of the first season 2012 [249.30 aphids / 10 plants]. The differences in levels of infestation between the two seasons might be attributed to the differences in weather factors [temperature, relative humidity] and /or the effect of the common natural enemies in each season

effects of estrogen receptor gene-alpha polymorphism on bone mineral density and serum osteoprotegerin levels in postmenopausal Egyptian women

The gene coding for estrogen receptor-alpha [ER-a] is a potential candidate for the regulation of bone mineral density [BMD] in postmenopausal women. The present study was aimed at elucidating the role of two restriction fragment lengths Pvu II and Xba I polymorphisms of the ER-a gene as determinants of bone mineral density; special attention was paid to the correlation between serum osteoprotegerin [OPG] levels and BMD in different ER-a genotypes in postmenopausal [PM] Egyptian women. BMD was measured at the femur neck [FN-BMD]. ER-a gene polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP. Serum OPG levels were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. There were significant differences in BMD and OPG according to different genotypes of Pvu II Single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]. Carriers of the pp genotype were more likely to have lower BMD and lower OPG values than noncarriers. While there was no significant relationship between Xbal polymorphism and these variables. Postmenopausal [PM] women were stratified into; those with osteoporosis and those without osteoporosis. The difference in BMD and OPG among genotypes were significant in PM with osteoporosis. Further we confirmed that the frequency of p allele. and pp genotype of Pvu II polymorphism were significantly higher in PM with osteoporosis as compared to PMwithout osteoporosis. Xba I failed to show any significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies between the two groups. Genotypes modulate the relationships between BMD and OPG levels, in women with the PP [r=0.512, p<0.000l] and Pp [r=0.346, p<0.0009] genotypes but not in women with the other genotypes [p>0.05]. These results suggest that the Pvu II polymorphism of ER-a may be associated with the FN-BMD in PM Egyptian women. Further, P allele carriers supposed to protect against PM osteoporosis at least partly by increasing serum OPG

Multi-drug resistance 1 genetic polymorphisms gene expression and prediction of chemotherapy response in breast cancer Egyptian patients

Although anthracycline-based chemotherapy is a crucial treatment for breast cancer, its outcome is limited by the multidrug resistance MDR. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein [Pgp] a transmembrane active efflux transporter of various drugs and carcinogenic substrate, may result in MDR. The impact of MDR1 polymorphisms on MDR1 expression and risk of breast cancer, and whether it can alter chemotherapeutic agents response in breast cancer is unclear. The present work studied the relevance between MDR1 C3435T, C1236T, G2677T/A polymorphisms and MDR1 gene expression and susceptibility to breast carcinoma as well as sensitivity to anthracyine-based chemotherapy in Egyptian females with breast cancer [BC]. We determined mRNA levels of MDR1 in breast tumor specimens [n=190] by real-time rt-PCR. Blood samples from BC female patients and healthy controls were obtained for genotyping. ARMS-PCR assay was used for detection of C3435T, C1236T and G2677T/A Polymorphisms. This study revealed that C3435 TT patients showed a significant decrease in MDR1 mRNA level compared -with CC genotypes. No association was found between the MDR1 C1236T, G2677T/A polymorphisms and MDR1 mRNA expression. The frequency of C3435 TT genotype and T allele were significantlyhigher in BC patients compared to the controls [P < 0.05]. C3435 TT and C3435 CT had odds ratio [p-value] 5.6 [0.001] and 2.28 [0.01] for response to anthracycline-based chemotherapy, respectively, compared to CC genotype. No statistically significant differences were observed between patients and control regarding the allelic and genotypic frequencies of MDR1 C1236T, G2677T/A polymorphisms as well as no correlation was detected to the response rate to anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Our results suggested that C3435T, but not C1236T or G2677T/A, was associated with changes in MDR1 gene expression and hence alters the response after anthracyclin based chemotherapy

Occult hepatitis B infection in blood donors at Zagazig university hospitals, Sharkia governorate

Although, the incidence of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B virus [HBV] has been reduced over last four decades, HBV remains the most frequent transfusion-transmitted infection .The aim of this study is to determine the percentage of anti-HBc positivity in HBsAg negative blood donors' samples and to estimate the frequency of HBV-DNA in HBsAg negative/anti-HBc positive and in some HBsAg/anti-HBc negative samples and to assess the presence of this OHBI in HBsAg negative HCV positive samples. Randomly selected 500 blood donors referred to Blood Bank, Zagazig University Hospitals at Sharkia Governorate were included, after routine blood bank serological tests, ALT and AST, total anti-HBc were done for blood samples that were negative for HBsAg. Samples were divided into two main categories according to their HCV Ab status [450 were negative for HBsAg, HCV Ab, HIV Ag/Ab and RPR and 50 were negative for HBsAg, HIV Ag/Ab and RPR but HCV positive], anti-HBs quantification, HBV-DNA by real-time PCR was performed for all samples anti-HBc positive and some randomly selected anti-HBc negative samples. The percentage of total anti-HBc among HBsAg negative blood donors, [HCV Ab negative] was 20.8% [94/450] and in [HCV Ab positive] was 26% [13/50]. The frequency of HBV-DNA in [HBsAg/HCV Ab negative] was 6/94 [6.4%] of anti-HBc positive blood donors and not detected in the randomly selected anti-HBc negative donors [0/16]. The percentage of HBV-DNA was higher in HCV Ab positive [13.3%] than HCV Ab negative donors [5.5%]. Most Occult Hepatitis B Infection [OHBIs] are asymptomatic, only be detected by systematic screening of large populations, detection of OHBI requires addition of anti-HBc tests along with HBsAg ending with NAT to donated blood screening tests for improving blood safety

Protein substitution to produce a processed cheese with high branched-chain amino acids of medical and genetic importance

The most important metabolic impairment in patients with advanced liver disease is characterized by low levels of circulating branched chain amino acids [BCAAs]. The etiology of such abnormal amino acid metabolism is multifactorial including protein restricted diet or inadequate nutritional intake as in protein energy malnutrition. Multiple studies report the beneficial effects of BCAAs supplementation to improve plasma amino acids imbalance, several neurologic diseases, protein energy malnutrition, and subsequently the survival rate of cirrhotic patients. In the present study we used a protein substitution technique to synthesize a new processed cheese as a dairy source rich in BCAAs, with low phenylalanine content manufactured from Ras cheese, kariesh cheese, butter oil and phenylalanine-free milk. Chemical composition, amino acids analysis, rheological properties and sensory evaluation were done to all of the cheese samples. L-Phenylalanine was selected to induce hepatic and brain affections in Begg Albino strain c [BALB/c] mice model. Effect of 2.5%, 5% and 10% protein-replacement cheese formulas was evaluated among mice groups including histopathological sections of the liver and brain; colorimetric determination for liver enzymes; serum total and differential cholesterol profile, serum albumin, globulin and total protein along with phenylalanine levels determinations. Analysis of the processed cheese sample with 10% protein substitution revealed that the protein content was 7.42 mg/g [about 50% of the content in the standard processed cheese] while fat content, acidity and moisture were nearly the same. The sensory score for all the formulas ranged from 79-88. Highest content of BCAAs along with least phenylalanine content was attained in the processed cheese with 10% protein substitution. Weight of mice fed on different substitution formulas ranged from 22.8 +/- 2.2-24.66 +/- 2.5 g compared with 17.8 +/- 1.9 g in the untreated diseased mice [P< 0.05]. Serum phenylalanine was 1.822 +/- 0.42 mg/dl in the mice fed on 10% protein substitution formula compared to 6.2 +/- 1.32 mg/dl in the untreated mice [P < 0.01]. There was a highly significant difference [P <0.01] between untreated mice and mice fed on 10% substitution cheese formula as regards the serum protein, Aspartate Transaminase [AST] and Alanine Transaminase [ALT]. The improvement in histopathological findings was more apparent in the mice fed on 10% formula cheese. The manufactured processed cheese with 10% protein substitution was proved to have a more nutritional therapeutic potential that can help in the implementation of dietary management in many medical and genetic disorders with liver and brain affections

Surveillance on bacteria associated with avian influenza virus outbreaks in commercial broiler flocks in Egypt

Avian influenza [AI] [H5N1] outbreaks with very high mortality in twenty four [24] broiler flocks in Egypt provinces [El-Behira, El-Garbia, Kafer El-Sheikh, and Alexandria] were subjected to laboratory investigations in order to detect Enterobacteria associated with Avian influenza virus [AI] outbreaks in broiler flocks. Samples were collected from heart blood and liver for bacteriological examination. The samples for viral isolation were inoculated into specific pathogen free [SPF] embryonated chicken eggs [9-11 days old]. The allantoic fluids [AF] were harvested 36 hours post incubation and were tested by using Haemagglutination [HA] test, Haemagglutination-inhibition [HI] test, Agar gel precipitation test [AGPT] and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction [RTPCR]. Escherichia coli and Salmonella were determined by using a specific media for isolation and identification of both enterobacteria isolates. Twenty isolates out of twenty four [20 / 24] flocks which represent 83.33% of examined outbreaks having haemagglutination-inhibition titer by using avian influenza [AI] common type A antibodies ranging from 24 to28. The same isolates were also confirmed by Agar gel precipitation test [AGPT] and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction [RT-PCR]. A total of 16 samples out of 20 [16 / 20] [represented 80%] examined samples from broiler flocks associated with Avian influenza virus outbreaks proved to be E.coli while a total of 4 samples[4 / 20] [represented 20%] proved to be Salmonella enteritidis. The results of bacterial isolates were confirmed by biochemical test and serological identification

Silver artifacts protection by anticorrosive coatings

Many objects of cultural heritage constituted of bulk, plated silver or alloys are often displayed in museum show-cases or kept in depositories. The silverworks tarnish with time by reactions with atmospheric pollutant elements, namely sulfides forming silver sulfide. The blackish films thus formed make these artifacts inappropriate to display and have to be dealt with. Tarnish can be removed with a silver polish, by a chemical dip, an electrochemical reduction method or galvanic coupling with aluminum. Several methods have been developed to reduce silver tarnish such as silver alloying, surface treatment and coating. The protection system employed, has to follow the Venice Charter, to be removable and not to change the aesthetics of the object to be protected. In this study, silver alloys have been tested for corrosion under accelerated atmospheric corrosion conditions. A system of hexadecane-thiol [HOT] has been tried on silver coupons. An acrylic copolymer has also been used as the organic vehicle for dispersed nano-pigment of aluminum oxide. Several percentages of pigments have been tried to check on the system capabilities, without altering the visual effects of the surface. The different coating systems have been prepared and either brushed on the surface of the silver coupons or the silver coupons were immersed in the coating system. Alternate immersion testing in sulfide solution has been tried on the coupons. Electrochemical testing, visual observations and gloss measurements showed that the coating with 2% nano-AI2O3 and the hexadecane-thiol exhibit better protective properties than the plain acrylic

Role of MDCT colonography and conventional colonoscopy in evaluation of colo-rectal neoplasms

The study was conducted to evaluate the role of MDCT colonography in diagnosis of cob-rectal neoplasms compared to conventional colonoscopy. Fifty patients were included in the present study 28 males and 22 females with age ranged from 2 1-75 years old. Patients were presented with variable-size large bowel masses examined by MDCT colonography and conventional colonoscopy. Twenty three-cases were diagnosed by CT colonography as colonic malignancy, 18 cases diagnosed by colonoscopy as colorectal benign polyps "8 polyps measured less than 5mm, 6polyps from 5-10mm and 4 more than 10mm", those were correlated with findings of CT colonography which revealed only 12 benign polyps with size ranged from 6mm to more than 10 mm. The other 9 cases proved to be extra colonic metastases. MDCT colonography allows more definitive evaluation of the different cob-rectal and extra-colonic masses as it is anon-invasive modality. It has a higher sensitivity for detecting a clinically suspected colonic neoplastic mass. The conventional colonoscopy may still have an advantage of detecting very small and superficial mucosal lesions and taking biopsy from the suspected superficial areas

Role of MRI and high resolution ultrasonography in evaluation of chronic shoulder pam and shoulder instabifity

Shoulder pin and dislocation usually occur more frequent in young athletes, this study was carried out to assess the role of MRI and US in evaluation of chronic shoulder pain and instability of the shoulder joint. 43 patients complaining of chrome shoulder pain and some of them complaining shoulder instability were examined by MRI, MR arthrography and high resolution ultrasonography. All patients had anterior glenohumeral dislocation [41 males, 95.3% and 2 females, 4.7%]. On MR arthrography, the antero-inferior labrum was torn in 35 case "81.4%", the anterior labrum was torn in 4 cases "9.3%" and attenuated in 4 cases "9.3%", while on conventional MRI the percentages were 44.3% [19 case], 4.7% [2 cases] and 4.7% [2 cases] respectively. US depicted full anterior labral tear in 39 of 43 patients. Sensitivity was 92%, and accuracy was 92%. MR arthrography has been proved to increase the sensitivity and accuracy of MRJ for detecting labor-ligamentous complex and rotator cuff tendon abnormalities. Accuracy of US in depiction of labral tears and associated fractures indicates that US can provide a useful information in patients with anterior shoulder instability

Environmental exposure to asbestos and the exposure-response relationship with mesothelioma

An epidemiological and environmental study was carried out in Shubra El-Kheima city, greater Cairo, of the exposure-response relationship between asbestos and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Radiological screening was done for 487 people occupationally exposed to asbestos, 2913 environmentally exposed to asbestos and a control group of 979 with no history of exposure. Pleural biopsy was done for suspicious cases. The airborne asbestos fibre concentrations were determined in all areas. There were 88 cases of mesothelioma diagnosed, 87 in the exposed group. The risk of mesothelioma was higher in the environmentally exposed group than other groups, and higher in females than males. The prevalence of mesothelioma increased with increased cumulative exposure to asbestos

Some bone markers in children with type I diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis are chronic disease with great socioeconomic consequences, mainly due to the late complications and consequences disabilities. Type I diabetes mellitus [DM 1] has been related to a reduced bone mineral density [BMD] in childhood. In order to evaluate alternation in the one metabolism in type I diabetes we measured a urine osteocalsic marker for bone resorption; deoxypyridinoline [DPD] as well as, the circulating osteoblastic markers; serum osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin [OPG]. Further more, we evaluated their relation to the disease duration and severity. The influenced of sex and age on bone health were also assessed. Cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on forty children with DMI and twenty control subjects matched for age and sex with similar socioeconomic and cultural status. Serum levels of osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin were measured, also urinary levels of deoxypyridinoline [DPD] was measured. Children with DMI showed lower serum levels of osteoclacin and OPG and a rise in urinary level of [DPD] in comparison with control subjects. The osteoblast function significantly decreased in diabetic patients, which one best is characterized as a maturation defect. Altered bone mineral acquisition in children with DMI may limit peak bone mass acquisition and increase the risk of osteoporosis in later life. So the clinical management of diabetic osteopenia would become important for the reservation of quality of life in diabetic patients

Knowledge of parents, teachers, and school nurses about insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood that requires sustained and coordinated educational support of both health and educational sectors. The aim of the study is to assess knowledge of parents, school teachers and nurses about insulin dependant diabetes mellitus [IDDM] and care of diabetic school age children. The study was carried out at Mansoura University Children Hospital and four governmental mixed primary schools, using cross sectional descriptive and analytic design. A convenient sample of 100 was taken from parents of children at school age having diabetes, school teachers and 4 school nurses from both urban and rural schools. Data were collected from 6/7 to 30/10-2005 through interview questionnaire sheet for parents and questionnaire sheet for school teachers and nurses to assess their knowledge about IDDM and its management at prescho ol age children. The study revealed that the majority of diabetic school age children was females in both urban and rural schools; and their age range between 8 to 10 years with statistical significant differences regarding their birth order X2 = 12.4, P= 0.004. The majority of rural parents 96.0% had poor knowledge about diabetes compared to 72.0% with statistical significant differences X2 = 10.5, P=0.001. Above 75.0% from rural school teachers had poor knowledge about diabetes while urban school teachers were 66.0%. All nurses in both urban and rural schools had poor knowledge about diet and testing blood glucose among diabetic children. The study indicated that parents, school teachers, and nurses of diabetic school age children are in a massive need for more knowledge about IDDM and its management. So, continuous training programs are recommended

Genetic heterogeneity in spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasias: a clinical and radiological study

Spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasias [SEMD] are a heterogeneous group of skeletal disorders characterized by defective growth and modeling of the spine and long bones. Different types are described in the literature. Accurate classification of SEMDs is essential for proper genetic counseling. This study included 20 cases of SEMDs diagnosed by clinical and radiological findings. Cases were classified based on additional associated clinical and/or radiological features into 7 subtypes. Different subtypes were discussed with review of the literature. The study illustrated the heterogeneity of SEMDs and emphasized the importance of detailed and meticulous clinical genetic and biochemical evaluation in addition to comprehensive radiological investigations for such group of disorders. It also recommends further molecular studies to identify the molecular bases of the different types

Efficacy of health promotion program for intestinal paraitic diseases on primary school children and their families

Intestinal parasitic infections [IPD] are among the most common infections diseases worldwide. These infections diseases are regarded as serious public health problem particularly in the developing world. Health promotion program [HPP] interventions are very essential for primary school children [PS C] and their families to improve their knowledge and health practices especially related to control and prevention of IPD. Assess the prevalence of IPD among the PSC in rural areas, 2] Assess knowledge and health practices of PSC and their families practices regarding prevention and control of IPD, 3] Implement a designed HPP for PSC and their families about prevention and control of IPD, 4] Evaluate the modification in knowledge and health practices of PSC and their families as an impact of exposure to HPP. Design: A true-experimental design was followed. The study was conducted in all the six governmental primary schools in Dekerness, Dakahlia Governorate. All the 4th year students totaled 670 in the six governmental primary schools were included. It was divided into two groups, three schools were randomly selected for each group, 1. Study group [group A] and 2. Control group [Group B].Tools: Three tools were used for data collection, which included: [1] Structured questionnaire form for a] PSC, b] PSC' families, and c] SHNs, [2] An observational checklist for a] Home, b] and School environment. [3] Checking medical records of the PSC. There were statistically significant differences among PSC and their families regarding knowledge, and health practices in group A pie/post HPP intervention. The majority of SHN obtained average score in school health knowledge. Schools environment violates the ideal school health characteristics. After HPP intervention the rates of IPI were statistically significantly lowered in group A as compared to group B. there was statistically significant differences in home environmental factors between PSC with and without parasitic infestations. Conclusion: A tailored HPP was successful in raising the level of satisfactory knowledge and health practices of PSC and their families. These modifications were associated with a significant decrease in the total rates of IPD. Implement similar and different HPPs on regular basis for all PSC and their families .2] Utilize mass media educational channel to raise population awareness, 3] Conduct further studies on various types of IPD among PSC for generalization, and 4] Emphasize the professional role develop- merit of SHNs through attending regular training courses, workshops and conferences

Quality of health care in private nursery schools at Mansoura City

Childhood is a unique period of rapid growth and development that requires a health system that promotes healthy development of the child. Preschoolers receive care in nursery schools while parents are unavailable due to work or other causes. The care must be affordable, reliable, and accessible. Health services for children exhibit numerous deficiencies in quality of care. The deficiencies are in all major domains of pediatric care, and preventive services. This study was carried out to monitor the quality of health care for preschoolers in private nursery schools. The study was conducted in 8 private nursery schools at Mansoura City by using a systematic random sample. The sample included 607 children, 8 nurses, 48 teachers, and 8 physicians. The data was collected by using two tools. The first tool was used to assess preschoolers' health problems and care provided via medical records. The second tool was used to assess teachers' and nurses' knowledge about preschoolers health problems and management. An educational program was conducted for nurses and teachers concerning preschoolers' quality health care. The study revealed that there are significant differences in prevalence of preschoolers health problems in relation to educational program. There were significant differences in both nurses' and teachers' knowledge about care of preschoolers after the educational program. All physicians had only a diagnostic role and were not available all of the time. This study recommended that making a significant progress will require not only sustained attention by those concerned about improving child's health and healthcare, but also specific activities to build a broad base of support among the public and key healthcare decision markers

KI67 and P53 alterations in ulcerative colitis related dysplasia

Ulcerative colitis [UC] is a relapsing and remitting disease characterized by acute non-infectious inflammation and shallow ulceration with increased risk of carcinoma in long standing cases. This study was designed for application of new grading activity system. and assessement of Ki67 and P53 alterations in UC cases complicated with dysplasia. This study was performed on 99 colorectal endoscopic biopsy specimens. Sections stained with Haematoxyline and eosin were examined for the diagnostic criteria of UC. Immunohistochemistery staining for p53 and Ki67 done only for the dysplastic cases. The following lesions were diagnosed in the 99 collected cases:11 cases show chronic nonspecific colitis without fulfilling the criteria of diagnosis of ulcerative colitis.88 cases were diagnosed as ulcerative colitis and its related dysplasia, they include: 63 cases UC with no associated dyspiasia, 25 cases UC with dysplasia divided into: a] 12 cases as indefinite for dysplasia. b] 6 cases with low grade dysplasia, c] 3 cases with high grade dysplasia, and d] 4 cases lost during immunohistochemical preparation. UC grading system of activity should be applied in UC cases to evaluate the present activity and so the treatment, UC cases with dysplasia must have routine immunohistochemistery staining of both P53 and Ki67 to evaluate the type of dyspiasia especially indefinite for dyspiasia. Low grade dyspiasia show positive staining for both P53 and Ki 67 in lower two thirds of crypt epithelium, while high grade dyspiasia show positive staining for both P53 and Ki 67 in the whole crypt epithelium