Foxtail Millet Responses to Bulk and Nano Zinc Oxcide Particles in Water Stress Conditions.

Aims: This study was done to investigate the effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles application on foxtail millet in water stress conditions. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Center of Islamic Azad University, Birjand branch, Iran in 2011. Methodology: Experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. Two irrigation treatments (control and water stress) and seven ZnO fertilizer (control without ZnO, three levels of bulk ZnO (3000, 6000 and 12000 ppm) and three levels of ZnO nanoparticles (250, 500 and 1000 ppm) were as main plots and sub plots, respectively. Result: The results showed that water stress declined peduncle length, stomatal conductivity, germination percentage and grain yield. Seed protein content increased under water stress but ZnO fertilizer treatments had not any significant effect on the mentioned traits. Effect of ZnO application on Relative Water Content (RWC) at the pre-anthesis stage was significant. The highest RWC before flowering were recorded in the ZnO nanoparticles treatment (250 ppm). Conclusion: The insignificant effect of bulk and ZnO nanoparticles treatments can be attributed to a low level of requirement of this element in millet. Probably, nutrient imbalance in the soil may also have contributed to the prevention of any positive effects of zinc consumption on plant growth parameters.

[Effects of pelvic floor muscle exercises on quality of life outcomes in women with stress urinary incontinence]

Stress urinary incontinence is a common problem among middle-aged women and can affect their quality of life. This study evaluated the effects of pelvic floor muscle exercise on quality of life outcomes in women with stress urinary incontinence. This clinical trial study was conducted at Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital of Tehran in 2009. After baseline evaluation, fifty women were assigned to this clinical trial. Participants were trained to do pelvic floor muscle exercises for 3 months and their quality of life were measured before and 3 months after intervention. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS software using descriptive statistical tests and paired T experimental test. Forty-six women completed the trial. After 12 weeks, the descriptive statistical tests and paired T experimental test showed significant difference in the quality of life scores of women with stress urinary incontinence before and after intervention [P<0.0001]. 12 weeks exercise of pelvic floor muscle significantly improved the quality of life outcomes of women with stress urinary incontinence

[Postnatal growth and health in infants conceived by assisted reproductive techniques]

Background: with recent scientific progresses, the barren couples can become fertile and a part of children are the results of these costly interventions. there have been some concerns and questions about the physical and developmental growth of these children and some wide and continued studies are being done about this subject around the world. Prevalence of multiplicity, LBW, prematurity and congential abnormalities have been shown in these children

Material and Methods: we searched Pubmed and Cochrane databases for relevant articles published from 1991 to 2008. The following keywords were used: Invitro Fertilization [IVF], Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection [ICSI] Assisted Reproductive Technology [ART]

Results: the studies have shown that the majority of neonate of ART methods, have proper prenatal period. the most important confounding factor in healt status of these neonates in prenatal period is multiplicity. ART twins encounter with more prenatal problems and the most important modifying factor is limitting the number of transferred embryos. These children have no difference physically and developmentaly with other children during infancy and childhood and the rate of disease is not higher either

Conclusion: the results of most of the research described suggest that childern conceived using ART, are not at greater risk of physically and developmentaly problem. The risk difference for major congenital malformation, LBW and prematurity are low and probably acceptable for the couples concerned

Shear bond strength of a veneering resin to a Ni-Cr alloy using two different surface treatment methods

A strong and stable bond between veneering materials and metal framework considerably promotes the aesthetic appearance and clinical longevity of a resin type restoration. Various adhesive metal primers have also been studied to enhance the bond strength of the composite resins to different metal surfaces. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of one laboratory composite resin bonded to a Ni-Cr alloy by means of two different methods. In this study, 24 wax disks were cast and divided into two equal groups. In the first group, a metal primer was applied to the casting surface, while an opaque porcelain material was used for the second group. After application of the veneering composite resin to the treated surfaces, the specimens were stored in a 37°C water bath for 15 days. At the end of this period, all the specimens were subjected to 1200 thermal cycles [5°C and 55 °C] and then tested for shear strength in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Fractured specimens were examined, using a scanning electron microscope. The opaque porcelain group demonstrated higher bond strength [17.55 +/- 3.33 Mpa] in comparison to the metal primed surface [15 +/- 4.25 Mpa]. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the specimens treated with metal primer and those treated with opaque porcelain. The two alloy surface treatments exhibited mixed failures, however. While the nature of failure for opaque porcelain was predominately cohesive, the failure for the metal primed group was adhesive. It can be concluded that both techniques have potential to significantly improve resin-alloy shear bond strength

Double mandibular foramina and canal: report of a case with interactive CT-based planning software

The identification of the mandibular canal and its anatomic variations is of great importance in many branches of dentistry, especially in implant dentistry and prior to endosteal implant insertion. This knowledge is even more demanding when the mandible has been compromised by different degrees of atrophy and bone resorption. In this study we describe a rare case of double mandibular canal identified by three-dimensional imaging techniques during the process of diagnosis. It is concluded that mandibular canals may often be undetected during the diagnosing phase of implant treatment, and tomographic imaging is the only way to identify some of these distinctive features

[ rate of pediculosis capitis in students participating in summer camps in different provinces of Iran]

To determine the rate of Pediculosis Capitis among Iranian students participating in bonyad-e-mostazafan summer camps. This is a cross-sectional study of Perdiculosis Capitis rate among 13206 students from different provinces of Iran in 1384 [2005]. The students were examined immediately after arrival the camps. Examination was then carried out by general practitionnaires through direct observation of the hair. The hair and scalp were examined for Pediculosis Capitis by hand separation of the hair every 1-2 cm. the presence of either live or head eggs, or nits, was considered infestation with Pediculosis Capitis. The data analysis was done by SPSS soft ware and chi square. The total number of children from 21 provinces of Iran was 13, 206. Of all these subjects, 758 [5.7%] were infested by Pediculosis Capitis. 3 [0.1%] of the infested cases were boys and 755 [9.9%] were girls. The results showed a significant sex difference in infested cases [P = 0/000]. The most prevalence was seen in Sistan and Baluchestan [11.1%]. Hormozgan [10.6%]. and Ardebil [7.1%]. Also according the results, the education level of the mother, was found to be associated with the rate of infestation [P = 0.039]. Father education level had no meaningful association. Pediculosis Capitis infestation is a disease of adolescence with a higher prevalence in girls. This skin parasite has a wide distribution all over the country and a significant association with sex and maternal education

[ role of training workshops of newborn cares in promotion of mothers' knowledge]

The objective was to determine the role of newborn workshop in promoting mothers' knowledge. This is an interventional study [before and after study]. Training courses in neonatal care were held with participants including 150 women visiting the child health center. Learning material was offered in two parts, 1. taking care of healthy newborn and, 2. common neonatal problems. The rate of correct answers to the questions related to neonatal problems was significantly higher than that of incorrect answers. In one half of the questions concerning nutrition and neonatal care there was no difference between rates of correct and incorrect answers, and in the other half, the rate of correct answers was significantly higher than incorrect ones. The study also showed a significant difference between mothers' knowledge before and after workshops [p=0.00]. Several variables, such as age, job, number of pregnancies, number of children, and mother's level of education were evaluated. Results showed that none of them had any effect in increasing mothers' knowledge before and after classes. Regarding the extension of necessary information for mothers and to exterminate wrong attitudes facing neonates [especially first child], there is a need for education of mothers dealing with neonatal daily care, breast feeding and common neonatal problems

[Effect of the rest seat location alteration on distribution of forces in the distal extended abutment: a finite element method analysis]

In designing extension type removable partial denture [R.P.D], there is lots of controversy regarding the suitable location of rest seat of the terminal abutment. Discussions and Controversies are, mostly focused on minimizing lateral stress placed on terminal abutments. The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of stress placed on abutment teeth with different rest seat placements by a finite element method analysis. The skull of a 60 years old man was CT-Scanned with 0.5mm sections and data were used to make a 3.D model of the mandible. Then a partial denture was designed on this model, once with a distal rest on terminal abutment, and then with a mesial rest. Occlusal force was applied on the saddle, and stress was measured with a finite element method using "cosmos works 2003" soft ware. In both conditions, the highest stress concentration was observed on the distal surfaces of the abutment teeth, and the lowest stress on buccal cusps and roots of the teeth. The rest seat itself was the only place in which the observed stress was different in two conditions. The distal rest seat received more stress than the mesial rest seat. In both conditions the underlying bone received a moderate amount of stress, increasing in the distal part. Displacing the rest did not alter the stress applied on the abutment teeth. So it may be claimed that this factor could be neglected when determining the place of terminal rest of extension type RPD