[ study of halothane anesthesia on the dog's kidney: histopathological and biochemical findings]

Inhalant anaesthetics are used widely for producing general anaesthesia in animals and humans.Approximately 20% of halothane uptake is metabolised via oxidative and reductive pathways during and following halothane anaesthesia in humans. Fifteen clinically healthy dogs were assigned in three groups [group 1, 2and 3] randomly. All dogs were anesthetized with halothane three times that was repeated 48 hours after the first anesthesia in all groups. Dogs in group one, two and three anesthetized for one, three and five hours respectively. All anesthesia were repeated every 48 hours as totally three anesthesia [D1, D2, and D3] were performed in each group. Jugular blood samples were obtained in 0 [before anesthesia], 1, 3, 5 and 24 hours after induction of anesthesia for measurement of BUN and Creatinin concentration. 72 hours after anesthesia, animals were euthanized and kidneys were removed for histopathological evaluation. No significant differences were observed in serum BUN and Creatinin concentration in group 1 in different sampling times compared with time 0 during study. In group 2 and 3 serum BUN and Creatinin were increased 3,5 and 24 hours compared to group 1 in third anesthesia [D3][P<0.05].In group 3 serum BUN and Creatinin were increased 1 hours after anesthesia compared to group 1 and group 2 in third anesthesia [D3] [P<0.05]. Microscopic findings revealed that there were not any pathological changes in group 1. However, kidneys of animals in group 2 and 3 were affected with acute tubular necrosis [ATN], medullary congestion and glomerular atrophy. Basement membrane of tubules with ATN appeared normal and necrotic cells were sloughed into the tubular lumens. The significant difference of BUN and Creatinin among the experiment groups revealed that long duration halothane anesthesia might be resulted in renal damage, decreased glomerular filtration rate and increased BUN and Creatinin

L-methionine attenuates gentamicin nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rat: pathological and biochemical findings

The clinical uses of gentamicin have so far been restricted due to nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. The exact mechanism of nephrotoxicity is still unknown; however, it appears that free radicals may be involved. Methionine has previously been shown to alleviate oxidative stress involved in ototoxicity due to its antioxidant properties. Therefore, the effect of methionine supplementation on the gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity was examined in this study. Twenty eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups to receive a daily corresponding dose of either gentamicin [80 mg/kg B.W.; i.m.; group GN], L-methionine [100 mg/kg B.W.; i.p.; MT], combination thereof [MG], and normal saline as control [CT]. After slaughtering the animals on day 11, values of blood urea nitrogen [BUN], serum creatinine concentration [SCr], urinary gamma glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT] activity, and renal cortical reduced glutathione [GSH] contents with histopathologic investigations were measured. In group GN, biochemical profiles showed a remarkable increase in BUN, SCr and urinary GGT concentration, and depletion of renal cortical of GSH. In addition, histopathologic studies revealed severe acute tubular necrosis, congestion and hyaline casts, verifying gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. In group MG, only mild epithelial changes and renal congestion were prominent findings. Moreover, these changes in rats given the combined therapy [MG] were significantly less than those of group GN, thereby suggesting that supplemented L-methionine ameliorate gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rat. In group MT, only medullary congestion was seen without change in the biochemical factors as was in the CT group with normal kidney structure. Generally, results of this study showed that methionine may significantly prevent gentamicin nephrotoxicity, removing the oxidative stress

Zinc-responsive dermatosis in an Iranian cross-breed ram

An adult [two years old] Iranian cross-breed ram with alopecia, rough hair coats, thick and wrinkled skin, especially on the face, brisket, scrotum, tail and legs, presented with severe pruritus, poor condition and generalized unthriftiness. The animal was referred to the Veterinary Clinic of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. The vital signs and haematologic indices of the animal were normal. According to the history and clinical signs, mineral deficiencies, infestations with external parasites or endocrinopathy were suspected. Laboratory examinations of skin scrapings ruled out external parasites. Skin biopsy confirmed parakeratosis, which could be attributed to zinc deficiency. Zinc sulphate [250 mg, daily] was administered orally for 4 weeks. The clinical signs subsided after 4 weeks of treatment

Healing potential of liquorice root extract on dermal wounds in rats

Liquorice root extract [LE] has been used from long ago as an effective medication, especially in gastric ulcer. In this study, the healing potential of aqueous LE on dermal wounds was evaluated. The study was carried out on 45 male Spragne-Dawly rats. Two uniform 7mm- diameter skin defects were created on the back of each animal by 7mm skin punch [total of 90 wounds]. LE was applied once daily on half of the wounds for 7 days, after which the animals were sacrificed for histopathological, biochemical [hydroxyproline content] and biomechanical studies. The ultimate surface area of the wounds was also measured. LE caused a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts and capillary buds, collagen contents and tensile strength of the wounds. The wound surface area in the treatment group was also significantly less than the control group. It can be concluded that LE is an effective herbal remedy in wound healing

[Evaluation of the effect of clomiphen citrate on osteoporosis in the dog model: biomechanical and histopathological studies]

To evaluate the short term effect of clomiphen citrate on osteoporosis in dog. Experimental study. Ten dogs of both sexes with average weight of 23 +/- 5.6 Kg, were randomly assigned to either control [n=5] or experimental groups [n=5]. Osteoporosis was induced by immobilizing the right hindlimb by means of fiberglass cast. Five dogs received clomiphen citrate [5 mg/kg per os] once a day for 42 days. All dogs were euthanized on day 42 and tibias were harvested. Bone biomechanical properties and microscopic structure of casted and uncasted tibias were studied. Independent t-test was done for biomechemical values. Significant differences in the values of examined mechanical properties were found between controt and clomiphen - treated dogs. [p<0.05] No remarkable histopathological changes were detected in the tibias of casted limb in Clomiphen-treated dogs. These findings indicate that short term clomiphen therapy may have promising effects on prevention of osteoporosis in dog

Evaluation of the effect of tamoxifen citrate on model of osteoporosis in dog: biomechanical and histopathological studies

The effect of tamoxifen citrate on bone mass in immobilization osteoporosis was studied in 10 dogs. Osteoporosis was induced by fiberglass cast immobilization of the right hind-limb for 28 days, while the left hind-limb served as a non-immobilized control. Five dogs received tamoxifen citrate [1.5 mg/kg per os] once daily for 28 days; five dogs received no treatment. All dogs were euthanized on day 28 and tibiae were harvested. Bone biomechanical properties and microscopic structures of tibiae from casted and uncasted limbs were studied. Significant differences in the percent of decreased values of examined mechanical properties were found between untreated and tamoxifen-treated dogs. No remarkable histopathological changes indicative of osteoporosis were detected in the tibiae of casted limb of tamoxifen-treated dogs. These findings indicated that short term tamoxifen therapy may have promising effects on prevention of osteoporosis in dog

effects of experimental unilateral vasectomy on testicular structure in the rat

In order to find out the effects of vasectomy on testicular structure, twelve mature male Dawley rats were undergone left vasectomy. Sixty-two days after the surgery, all rats were euthanized and both the testes of each rat were examined at the level of light microscope. Formation of spermatic granuloma [7/12, 58.3%] and atrophy of seminiferous tubular epithelium [6/12, 50%] were the most prominent microscopic changes. These findings were probably attributed to the hydrostatic pressure caused by semen retention as well as pressure caused by granuloma produced. The authors suggest that failure to regain fertility following vasectomy-reversal was probably related to the detrimental changes in testicular structure