Studies on some bacterial causes and blood serum biochemical changes of respiratory affections in lambs [with 6 tables]

This study was carried out on 36 lambs in private farm at Dakahlia governorate, 7 of them apparently healthy, 11 clinically diseased suffering from respiratory affections and 18 slaughtered lambs. Bacteriological examination of the samples revealed that 35 samples were positive for bacterial isolates, distributed as 6 [85.71%], 11 [100.00%] and 18 [100.00%] of apparently healthy, clinically diseased and slaughtered lambs respectively. 66 bacterial isolates identified biochemically into P. multocida 19 [28.79%], P. heamolytica 5 [7.58%], E. coli 15 [22.73%], Klebsiella pneumonia 8 [12.12%], Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7 [10.61%] and staph. aureus 12 [18.18%]. Pathogenicity test for P. multocida isolates indicated that all isolates were pathogenic. Blood samples were collected from the clinically healthy and diseased groups of lambs. Two blood samples were obtained from each animal, one as a whole blood and the other in the form of blood for obtaining clear non-haemolysed serum. Haematological studies revealed that presence of high significant decrease in the total erythrocytic count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and blood lymphocytes [per mm[3] blood] in diseased animals when compared with clinically healthy ones. Also high significant increase in total leucocytic count, significant increase in neutrophil, oesinophil and monocyte cells were recorded in diseased cases. The studied biochemical parameters revealed high significant elevation in the values of AST, ALT, GGT and blood urea in diseased animals. Also creatinine showed marked elevation. Presence of high significant decrease in the level of albumin, while total protein, sodium chlorides and calcium levels were significantly decreased. On contrary, presence of significant increase in the glucose and potassium levels. From previously mentioned data, it was cleared that respiratory affections in lambs especially those of bacterial origin cause significant changes in blood picture, liver and kidney functions and the level of both sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium

Allium sativum [Garlic] and its significance for the protection against lead-induced toxicity in albino rats: physical growth and mortality rate

This study was undertaken to examine the protective effect of garlic in heavy metal poisoning. Owing to its contents, that is allyl disulfide and -SH compounds, garlic has been expected to be involved in the detoxication of heavy metal poisonings by forming thiochelate compounds when reacting with heavy metals in living bodies. To examine this hypothesis more closely, a chronological observation was made to determine the effect of garlic in removing lead from tissues and restoring the normal architecture in organs of rats poisoned by lead. To our knowledge, this is the first study dealing with the effects of garlic on the lead-induced toxicity in albino rats. A total of 140 albino rats were divided into 14 groups, 5 male and 5 female rats per each group: One which was given only 0.18 mg/kg/day of garlic orally which was equivalent to the human prescribed dose; six groups were given 20, 40, 75, 155, 350 and 550 mg/kg/day lead acetate ip respectively; another six groups were given the same above-mentioned doses of lead acetate after receiving the same dose of garlic; and a negative control group. Blood was collected front all rats after 24 hours from the final injection of lead acetate with out garlic for consecutive 4 weeks, and was centrifuged to collect erythrocytes. At the same time, the livers, brains, and kidneys were ectomized to study the total amount of accumulated lead in both blood and tissue organs, as well as the organ weights in relation to total body weights. The mortality rate was reduced among the groups of rats that received garlic and lead acetate when compared with lead- treated ones Furthermore. There was a significant decrease in the body weights of lead-treated rats compared to those that were pretreated with garlic. Similarly, organ weights showed a significant increase in both the brain and kidneys but not in the liver. On the other hand, both blood-lead and tissue-lead levels, including the liver, showed a significant increase in lead treated rats. However, garlic has significantly decreased both the blood-lead and tissue-lead levels. Furthermore, there was an inverse correlation between blood-lead levels and body weights, while there was a positive correlation between these blood-lead levels and organ weights. Although the removal of lead from the tissues increased remarkably in the garlic-treated groups, the removal of lead from the liver tissue appeared to be below that of other organs. As regards the sex difference, there was only a significant increase in the brain weights of female rats among the control group. The results indicate that garlic contained chelating compounds that are capable of enhancing elimination of lead

Allium sativum [Garlic] and its significance for the protection against lead-induced toxicity in albino rats: a haematological study

A total of 140 albino rats were divided into 14 groups; 5 males and 5 females per each group: The positive control group was given only 0.18 mg/kg garlic orally; six groups were given lead acetate ip: another six groups were given lead acetate preceded by garlic; and a negative control gioup. 24 hours after the last treatment, blood was collected for subsequent determination of blood-lead as well as serum copper and zinc. At the same time, complete blood count together with blood films for subsequent differential leucocytic counts were also done. Blood-lead levels showed a significant increase -in a dose- dependent manner-in lead-treated rats. Similarly, there was a significant increase in the total WBCs, while the Hb%, RBCs as ivell as platelets were all sigtitficantly decteased among the lead-treated rats. Fut-thermore, there was also a significant increase in the mean percent of stab and segmented WBCs as well as eosinophils, while the lymphocytes were sigtuficantly decreased in the lead-treated rats. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the mean values of serum copper, while serum zinc was significantly decreased in lead-treated rats. On the other hand, gallic significantly reversed these results, but not to the initial mean values of the control groups. These results indicate that garlic contained chelating compounds which are capable of enhancing elinnnation of lead

Acute toxicity of some organic solvents in albino rats

In a trial to verify the cause of Volatile Solvent Abuse [VSA] the acute toxicity of some commonly abused organic solvents were studied in albino rats exposed to the LD 50 of either acetone, toluene or xylene. Blood lipids and histopathological changes were studied in both dead and lwing animals. Electro-Cardiographic tracing was done to the control and survived intoxicated rats. The results obtained suggested profound hyperlipemia, structural damage and myocardial disturbances. Strict legislative measures are recommended

Blood histamine level in diabetes mellitus with and without microangiopathy

Serum histamine levels were measured in fifteen patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [NlDDM] without complications. Fifteen patients with NlDDM and microvascular complications and ten age, weight and sex matched normal controls. The results showed significant increase in the mean serum histamine level in patients with NIDDM [with and without micro angiopathy] compared with the normal controls[P<0.001] and in patients with microangiopathy compared to those without [P<0.001]. The significance of these results was discussed

Kinetics of hemolytic dehydrogenation by chloranil

1-Phenylsemicarbazide is dehydrogenated to phenylazoformamide by chloranil in dioxane medium. The reaction obeys second order rate laws [first order with respect to each reactant]. Unlike the dehydrogenation in alcohol and alcohol water media, no semiquinone radical anion was observed during the progress of the reaction. Furthermore, the positive entropy of activation [delta S[number sign] = 7.0 + 0.5 J.K[-1]. Mol[-1]] suggests that the dehydrogenation proceeds by a homolytic mechanism in which abstraction of hydrogen atom by chloranil gave tetrachloroquinol radical in a slow step, followed by a fast abstraction of hydrogen atom

Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of 1-phenylsemicarbazide by hexacyanoferrate [III] ion in aqueous acid solution

Kinetics of the oxidation of 1-phenylsemicarbazide by hexacyanoferrate [III] ions has been investigated by stopped-flow technique as a function of reactants concentrations, temperature, ionic strength and pH. The redox reaction is first order with respect to hexacyanoferrate [III]. The depence of K[obs] on phenylsemicarbazide concentration [C[PSC]] is given by K[obs]=Y+XC[PSC] where Y is constant and X depends on hydrogen ion concentration. A detailed mechanism was proposed to explain these results. It was concluded that Fe [CN] 3-/6 and HFe [CN] 2-/6 are the reactive oxidizing species

Neuropsychiatric and haematologic manifestations in workers occupationally exposed to lead [Pb], mercury [Hg] and trinitrotoluene [TNT]

One hundred and four exposed workers to Pb, Hg and TNT in explosives industry and fifty non-exposed workers were subjected to this study. Environmental analysis for the level of atmospheric Pb concentration in workplace is double [280 ug/m] the TWA level. The Pb-B level of exposed workers ranged between 30.2 to 74.6 ug% [mean 43.14 +/- 10.14] and for the nonexposed between 15 to 35.5 ug% [mean 22.51 +/- 7.19]. More than 3/4 [78.8%] of exposed workers presented with more than one neuropsychiatric symptom in comparison to 16% among the non-exposed group. Numbness [60.5%], impotence [45.1%], muscle weakness [36.5%] and headache [15.4%] were the main symptoms of exposed workers. Neuropsychiatric signs were manifested among 71.2% of exposed and 10% among non-exposed workers. The main signs were peripheral neuritis, muscle weakness and mental changes. EEG tracing and fundus examination were normal for exposed and non-exposed workers. Haemoglobin concentration and RBCs and WBCs counts were significantly decreased among exposed workers

Kinetics and thermodynamic consequences of oxidation of mandelic acid by potassium bromate

The rate of oxidation of mandelic acid by potassium bromate in acetic acid-water medium was followed iodometrically under pseudo first orderconditions. The stoichiometry of the reaction was found to be 1:1; while the dependence of the rate of the reaction on the mandelic acid concentration is not a simple one. The effect of acidity on the rate of oxidation has been investigated in the light of the behaviour of the sulphuric acid in acetic acid-water medium. The effect of temperature on the reaction rate have been studied within the range 318-333 K for different acidities and solvent compositions. The thermodynamic properties of the activated complex, delta G[*], delta H[*] and delta S were computed and an extrathermodynamic analysis of the rate of the reaction was investigated according to the isokinetic relationship. A suitable reaction mechanisim was proposed